This document provides information on the hazards and personal protective equipment requirements for several chemicals including ammonia, carbon monoxide, chlorine, hydrogen, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide, caustic soda, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid. It describes the routes of entry, effects of exposure including symptoms, and recommended personal protective equipment to avoid contact with each chemical's liquid, vapor, or gas forms.

1. Ammonia : NH3
Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin or Eyes
Effects of Exposure/ symptoms 700 ppm causes eye
irritation and permanent injury may result if
prompt medical remedial measures are not taken.
5000 ppm may cause death. Contact of the liquid
with skin freezes the tissues and causes the
caustic burns. Respiratory track irritant. Irritation
to cornea and tearing, liquid contact with eyes,
partial or total blindness if not treated
immediately. Chemical burns and frostbite.

2. Ammonia : NH3
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with liquid or vapours
• Provide rubber boots, safety goggles, self-
contained breathing apparatus, gas mask and
protective clothing in case of liquid ammonia.

3. Carbon mono oxide : CO
Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin and Eyes
Human systematic effects by inhalation, changes in
psycho-physiological tests and preventing
haemoglobin from binding oxygen. Contact of
liquid CO with skin causes frostbite. Eye contact
causes severe injury.

4. Carbon mono oxide : CO
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with liquid or vapours.
• Provide self-contained breathing apparatus,
face shield or safety goggles, safety shoes,
appropriate canister mask, rubber over-
clothing, hand gloves.

5. Chlorine : Cl2
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes.
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms : Causes Eye
irritation, sneezing, copious salivation, general
excitement, restlessness. High concentration
causes respiratory distress and violent coughing,
often with retching. Death may result from
suffocation.

6. Chlorine : Cl2
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with liquid or vapour.
• Provide PVC gloves, gumboots, rubber
overcoat, head mask, self-contained
breathing apparatus.

7. Hydrogen : H2
Routes of Entry : Skin, Inhalation
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms: If atmosphere does
not contain enough oxygen, inhalation causes
dizziness, unconsciousness or even death. Contact
with eyes or skin or liquid H2 causes freezing similar to
burn.

8. Hydrogen : H2
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with liquid or gas
• Provide safety goggles, face shied, insulated
gloves and long sleeves, trousers Worn over
high top shoes to shed spilled liquid, self-
contained breathing apparatus containing air
(never use oxygen).

9. Hydrochloric acid : HCl
Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms. Inhalation: The major effects of
acute exposure to HCL are usually limited to upper Respiratory
tract. Exposure to the gas causes cough, burning of the throat
and larynx and Choking feeling, inflammation and ulceration of
the nose, throat and larynx. Exposure to Higher concentration
may cause laryngeal spasm, and oedema of the lungs and vocal
Cords. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dental
decolouration and erosion. Gastritis and chronic bronchitis have
also been reported in exposed workers. Giddiness, Mental
confusion and nausea.

10. Hydrochloric acid : HCl
Skin contact: Cause skin burns and may produce keloid and
rectile scarring. Facial burns May result in serious and
disfiguring scars. Frequent contact with dilute acid may cause
Dermatitis and photo-sensitisation may result from industrial
contact.
Eye Contact: Hydrochloric acid is a strong eye irritant and contact
with the acid may Cause burns, reduced vision and total
blindness.
Ingestion: Ingestion of HCL causes severe burns and corrosion of
mouth oesophagus and Stomach. Symptom include
dysphasia, pain, nausea, vomiting , Diarrhoea and thirst.
Circulatory collapse may occur and ingestion may lead to fatal
effects from oesophagus or gastric necrosis.

11. Hydrochloric acid : HCl
Personal Protective Equipment
• Approved respirator, Safety goggles,
neoprene, viton or butyl rubber glove and acid
resistant outer clothing
• Mechanical exhaust.

12. Hydrogen Sulphide : H2S
Routes of Entry : Inhalation, skin & eyes
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms, Inhalation : If high
concentrations are inhaled, hypernoea & piratory
paralysis may occur. Very high concentration may
produce pulmonary edema.
Skin & eyes: Causes severe irritation.

13. Hydrogen Sulphide : H2S
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with gas.
• Provide rubber framed side covered goggles,
approved respirator, rubber hand
gloves, over-clothing and shoes.

14. Caustic Soda : NaOH
Routes of Entry :Inhalation, Skin, Ingestion & Eyes.
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms - Inhalation : Causes
small burns to upper respiratory tract & lungs,
mild nose irritation.
Ingestion : Causes severe damage to mucous
membrane, severe scaring or perforation may
occur.
Eyes: Severe damage.
Skin: Causes severe burns.

15. Caustic Soda : NaOH
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with solid or liquid.
• Provide side covered safety goggles, face
shield, filter or dust-type respirator,
rubber shoes and rubber hand gloves.

16. Sulphur-di-oxide : SO2
Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Eyes and Skin
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms Vapour
causes irritation of eyes & lungs with severe
choking. Liquid will cause frostbite.
Vapours are poisonous, if inhaled.

17. Sulphur-di-oxide : SO2
Personal Protective Equipment
• Avoid contact with liquid or vapours.
• Provide air supplied mask or approved
canister, safety goggles or face-shield, rubber
hand gloves, shoes, aprons.

18. Sulphuric Acid : H2SO4
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, contact, ingestion
Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms : Irritates eyes, nose,
throat, dental erosion, skin and eyes, burn. Causes
deep burn to tissue. Very dilute solution causes
dermatitis. Exposure cause bronchitis.

19. Sulphuric Acid : H2SO4
Personal Protective Equipment
• Rubber gloves, safety goggles, acid proof
overalls. Provide safety shower, eyewash
Fountain, self contained breathing
apparatus.