environmental health andd safety

1. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY IN INDUSTRIES
ASSIGNMENT-1
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IN
LAB AND ITS PREVENTION
BY,
A V VIGNESH RAGAVENDRAN
2021216029
M.E ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

2. ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS
MONITORING LAB:
1. OPTIMIZATION OF COAGULANT DOSAGE BY JAR TEST:
ALUM( ALUMINIUM SULPHATE):
Symptoms Prevention
Inhalation Cough. Sore throat. Avoid inhalation of dust. Use
local exhaust or breathing
protection
skin
Redness.
Protective gloves
eyes Redness. Burns. Wear safety goggles.
ingestion
Burning sensation in the throat and
chest. Abdominal pain. Nausea.
Vomiting. Diarrhoea.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke
during work.

3. 2.Water softening:
1. EDTA:
HAZARD- Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.
PREVENTION- NO open flames. Prevent deposition of dust. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.
2. EBT INDICATOR:
HAZARD-Causes eye irritation. May cause skin irritation. May cause respiratory tract irritation.
PREVENTION- 1.Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get
medical aid.
2.Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops
or persists.
3.If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid
immediately.
4.Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get
medical aid.
5.Treat symptomatically and supportively.

4. 3.ESTIMATION OF CHLORINE BYARGENTOMETRIC
METHOD
SILVER NITRATE:
HAZARD-Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.
Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Confusion. Convulsions.
Unconsciousness. Symptoms may be delayed. Pain. Redness. Skin burns.
Blisters,Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.
PREVENTION- Use local exhaust or breathing protection, Wear face shield or eye protection in
combination with breathing protection if powder, Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Wash hands before eating.

5. POTASSIUM CHROMATE
HAZARD- Burning sensation, Sore throat,Cough, Wheezing, Laboured breathing, Redness.
Pain, Skin burns, Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Shock or
collapse. Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances.
PREVENTION- Use closed system or ventilation, Protective gloves. Protective clothing,
Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection, Do not eat,
drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

6. 3. DEGRADATION OF DYE BYADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS:
TITANIUM DIOXIDE:
HAZARD- Not combustible, Redness in eyes.
PREVENTION-Avoid inhalation of dust, Protective gloves., Wear safety spectacles. Do not
eat, drink, or smoke during work.

7. 4. Determination of Residual chlorine and Available chlorine in
Bleaching powder:
Acetic acid:
HAZARD- Flammable. Above 39°C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. Risk of fire
and explosion on contact with strong oxidants, Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation.
Headache. Dizziness. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing, Pain. Redness. Skin burns.
Blisters, Redness. Pain. Severe burns. Loss of vision, Sore throat. Burning sensation.
Abdominal pain. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.
PREVENTION-NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 39°C use a closed
system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment, Use ventilation, local exhaust or
breathing protection. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing
protection. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

8. POTASSIUM IODIDE
HAZARD- Harmful if swallowed, Causes skin irritation, Causes serious eye irritation, IF IN EYES: Rinse
cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue
rinsing.
PREVENTION-Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist
or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust, Wear self contained breathing apparatus
for fighting if necessary, Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA:
AGAR
HAZARD- expected to be a low hazard for usual industrial handling. May cause eye and skin irritation.
May cause respiratory and digestive tract irritation. Dust may cause mechanical irritation, Expected to
be a low ingestion hazard. May cause respiratory tract irritation.
PREVENTION- Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid
contact with skin and eyes. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Wash
clothing before reuse. Storage Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-
ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

10. 2. GRAM STAINING OF BACTERIA:
AMMONIUM OXALATE:
HAZARD- Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire, Cough. Sore throat,
The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on
the kidneys and calcium balance after ingestion. This may result in impaired functions. Exposure to
high concentrations could cause death.
PREVENTION-Use local exhaust or breathing protection, Protective gloves. Protective
clothing, Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection,

11. IODINE SOLUTION:
HAZARD- Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause
fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire, Lachrymation. The substance is
severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is irritating to the skin. Inhalation of
the vapour may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS). Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema.
See Notes. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
PREVENTION-NO contact with flammables, Personal protection: filter respirator for inorganic gases
and vapors adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the
environment. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Sweep spilled substance
into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect
remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations

12. 3.TEST FOR COLIFORMS-MOST PROBABLE NUMBER
METHOD
MacConkey BROTH:
HAZARD-Skin Contact: May cause skin irritation. Eye Contact: May cause eye irritation. Inhalation:
Material may be irritating to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Multiple Routes: May
be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.
PREVENTION- Engineering Controls: Safety shower and eye bath. Mechanical exhaust required.
Personal Protection: Respiratory : Government approved respirator. Hand: Chemical resistant gloves.
Eye: Safety glasses. Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill: Splash goggles. Full suit. Boots. Dust
respirator. Gloves. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical
incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Observe all federal, state, and local
environmental regulations.

13. PEPTONE
HAZARD- Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of
inhalation, May be combustible at high temperature.
Prevention-Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container.
Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and
regional authority requirements. Keep container dry. Keep in a cool place. Ground all equipment
containing material. Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place. Combustible
materials should be stored away from extreme heat and away from strong oxidizing agents.
Engineering Controls:Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls
to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or
mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.

14. 4.BACTERIOLOGICALANALYSIS OF WASTE WATER
COLIFORMS-MEMBRANE FILTER TECHNIQUE
SODIUM CHLORIDE:
HAZARD- Eye: May cause eye irritation. Exposure to solid may cause pain and redness. Skin: May
cause skin irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Ingestion: May cause irritation of
the digestive tract. May be harmful if swallowed. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation.
May be harmful if inhaled.
PREVENTION-Engineering Controls: Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.,
Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles. Skin: Wear appropriate
protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent
skin exposure. Respirators: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or
European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator
if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

15. SODIUM AZIDE
HAZARD- Nausea, Headache, Vomiting, Laboratory experiments in animals have shown sodium azide
to produce a profound hypotensive effect, demyelination of myelinated nerve fibers in the central
nervous system, testicular damage, blindness, attacks of rigidity, and hepatic and cerebral effects., To
the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been
thoroughly investigated.
PREVENTION- Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved,
Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique
(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.), Prevent further
leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment
must be avoided.