Occupational asthma is caused by exposure to certain substances like chemicals, dusts, or proteins in the workplace. It occurs when these substances trigger an allergic reaction or irritate the airways. Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and breathing difficulties and can develop either immediately after exposure or in a delayed manner. Over 300 substances have been identified as potential causes. The best way to prevent occupational asthma is to eliminate or reduce exposure to harmful substances through measures like engineering controls, respirator use, and worker education.
An occupational disease is a chronic illness that results from work or occupational activities. Occupational diseases can be grouped into categories including those caused by physical agents like heat, cold, radiation; chemical agents like gases, dusts, and direct chemical contact; biological agents like anthrax and fungi; and physiological factors like hypertension. Dermatitis is a common occupational skin disease that causes redness, itching, rashes, and skin cracking or peeling. It is usually caused by repeated skin irritation or sensitization to substances. Silicosis and asbestosis are lung diseases caused by inhalation of silica or asbestos dust over long periods of time. They cause scarring of the lung tissue and shortness of breath.
Common Occupational Allergies: Where Do We Stand?Dr_Rakesh_Nair
Common occupational allergies include contact dermatitis from exposure to chemicals in various work environments like construction and healthcare. Occupational diseases can affect the skin, nose, and lungs from allergens or irritants. It is important to identify potential occupational allergens early to prevent chronic illness and support removal from exposure. Latex allergy is common in healthcare workers while contact dermatitis and rhinitis frequently occur in jobs like construction, hairdressing, and food processing due to chemicals. Preventive measures include identifying susceptible workers, controlling exposures, and using protective equipment.
18Occupational Skin diseases and management, Dr. Dincy peterohscmcvellore
Occupational dermatoses, especially contact dermatitis, are common among healthcare workers due to frequent exposure to irritants and allergens. The most frequent types are irritant contact dermatitis caused by chemicals like detergents, disinfectants, and gloves, and allergic contact dermatitis triggered by substances like latex, glutaraldehyde, and antibiotics. Proper diagnosis involves a detailed history of workplace exposures and patch testing. Management focuses on eliminating exposures, using protective equipment, and treating flares with topical steroids and immunosuppressants to prevent chronicity.
Health Hazards in Contructions.138147927453320.OSEiyla Hamdan
This document provides an overview of various health hazards that construction workers may be exposed to, including chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic hazards. It describes examples of specific hazards such as noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, radiation, microorganisms, heavy lifting, and repetitive tasks. The document emphasizes that construction work involves dynamic and changing environments and conditions that can increase workers' risk of injury or illness from exposure to hazards.
Occupational diseases are chronic ailments that occur as a result of work or occupational activity. They can develop instantly upon exposure to hazards like gases, or gradually over weeks, months, or decades from exposures like heavy metals or carcinogens. Globally, there are millions of occupational disease cases and deaths annually, costing countries 2-14% of GDP. Occupational diseases are classified into categories like those from physical, chemical, or biological agents. Examples of specific occupational diseases discussed are pneumoconiosis like black lung from inhaling dusts, occupational dermatitis from skin exposures, and hand-arm vibration syndrome from using vibrating tools. Prevention strategies include engineering controls, protective equipment, health monitoring, and legislation.
At the end of this session, you will be able to
1. Define Occupational Health
2. What is the occupational environment?
3. Classify and describe the various occupational hazards causing diseases in workplace.
4. Define Occupational Diseases
5. Classify occupational diseases
6. Describe the etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various common occupational diseases
This document discusses industrial hazards and safety precautions. It begins by defining industrial hazards as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury, death, property loss or loss of product. It then discusses hazardous waste rules and the types of hazards including biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, electrical, and fire/dust hazards. The document also covers industrial dermatitis, accident records, routes of infection, toxicity, diagnosis/control of hazards, treatment of hazardous wastes, and precautions. It stresses identifying potential hazards, safety equipment, policies, training, and eliminating hazards to ensure a safe work environment.
This document provides an overview of injury and disease prevention from occupational safety and health perspectives. It describes the vision, mission and objectives of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Human Resources in Malaysia related to occupational health. Key topics covered include definitions of occupational injury and disease, regulations for reporting accidents and diseases, classification of diseases, hazards that can cause occupational diseases, and costs of occupational injuries and illnesses. It also discusses the Worker's Compensation Act of 1952 in Malaysia.
An occupational disease is a chronic illness that results from work or occupational activities. Occupational diseases can be grouped into categories including those caused by physical agents like heat, cold, radiation; chemical agents like gases, dusts, and direct chemical contact; biological agents like anthrax and fungi; and physiological factors like hypertension. Dermatitis is a common occupational skin disease that causes redness, itching, rashes, and skin cracking or peeling. It is usually caused by repeated skin irritation or sensitization to substances. Silicosis and asbestosis are lung diseases caused by inhalation of silica or asbestos dust over long periods of time. They cause scarring of the lung tissue and shortness of breath.
Common Occupational Allergies: Where Do We Stand?Dr_Rakesh_Nair
Common occupational allergies include contact dermatitis from exposure to chemicals in various work environments like construction and healthcare. Occupational diseases can affect the skin, nose, and lungs from allergens or irritants. It is important to identify potential occupational allergens early to prevent chronic illness and support removal from exposure. Latex allergy is common in healthcare workers while contact dermatitis and rhinitis frequently occur in jobs like construction, hairdressing, and food processing due to chemicals. Preventive measures include identifying susceptible workers, controlling exposures, and using protective equipment.
18Occupational Skin diseases and management, Dr. Dincy peterohscmcvellore
Occupational dermatoses, especially contact dermatitis, are common among healthcare workers due to frequent exposure to irritants and allergens. The most frequent types are irritant contact dermatitis caused by chemicals like detergents, disinfectants, and gloves, and allergic contact dermatitis triggered by substances like latex, glutaraldehyde, and antibiotics. Proper diagnosis involves a detailed history of workplace exposures and patch testing. Management focuses on eliminating exposures, using protective equipment, and treating flares with topical steroids and immunosuppressants to prevent chronicity.
Health Hazards in Contructions.138147927453320.OSEiyla Hamdan
This document provides an overview of various health hazards that construction workers may be exposed to, including chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic hazards. It describes examples of specific hazards such as noise, vibration, extreme temperatures, radiation, microorganisms, heavy lifting, and repetitive tasks. The document emphasizes that construction work involves dynamic and changing environments and conditions that can increase workers' risk of injury or illness from exposure to hazards.
Occupational diseases are chronic ailments that occur as a result of work or occupational activity. They can develop instantly upon exposure to hazards like gases, or gradually over weeks, months, or decades from exposures like heavy metals or carcinogens. Globally, there are millions of occupational disease cases and deaths annually, costing countries 2-14% of GDP. Occupational diseases are classified into categories like those from physical, chemical, or biological agents. Examples of specific occupational diseases discussed are pneumoconiosis like black lung from inhaling dusts, occupational dermatitis from skin exposures, and hand-arm vibration syndrome from using vibrating tools. Prevention strategies include engineering controls, protective equipment, health monitoring, and legislation.
At the end of this session, you will be able to
1. Define Occupational Health
2. What is the occupational environment?
3. Classify and describe the various occupational hazards causing diseases in workplace.
4. Define Occupational Diseases
5. Classify occupational diseases
6. Describe the etiology, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various common occupational diseases
This document discusses industrial hazards and safety precautions. It begins by defining industrial hazards as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury, death, property loss or loss of product. It then discusses hazardous waste rules and the types of hazards including biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, electrical, and fire/dust hazards. The document also covers industrial dermatitis, accident records, routes of infection, toxicity, diagnosis/control of hazards, treatment of hazardous wastes, and precautions. It stresses identifying potential hazards, safety equipment, policies, training, and eliminating hazards to ensure a safe work environment.
This document provides an overview of injury and disease prevention from occupational safety and health perspectives. It describes the vision, mission and objectives of the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Human Resources in Malaysia related to occupational health. Key topics covered include definitions of occupational injury and disease, regulations for reporting accidents and diseases, classification of diseases, hazards that can cause occupational diseases, and costs of occupational injuries and illnesses. It also discusses the Worker's Compensation Act of 1952 in Malaysia.
This document discusses occupational health hazards, specifically chemical hazards. It defines occupational health as recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace hazards that can cause illness. It then discusses the main types of chemical hazards: dusts, fumes, mists, fibers, gases, and vapors. For each hazard type, it provides examples of chemicals that fall into that category. It also discusses acute and chronic health effects of chemical exposures. Threshold limit values and time-weighted average concentrations are defined as metrics for safe chemical exposure levels. Specific health and safety information is then provided for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, two common industrial chemicals.
The meaning of the word hazard can be confusing. Often dictionaries do not give specific definitions or combine it with the term "risk". For example, one dictionary defines hazard as "a danger or risk" which helps explain why many people use the terms interchangeably.
This document provides information on classifying and labeling hazardous materials. It discusses the health effects of chemicals on humans and how they can enter the body. It describes common symptoms of chemical exposure and classifications of hazardous materials including explosives, flammable substances, toxic substances, corrosives, irritants, sensitizers, carcinogens, and substances dangerous to the environment. The document also covers labeling requirements, the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS), and references several standards for hazardous materials classifications.
This document provides an overview of chemical hazards and safety. It discusses the classification of workplace hazards including physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic. It defines key terms like flash point, auto ignition temperature, threshold limit values and IDLH. It describes routes of chemical entry, health effects of chemicals on different organs, and carcinogens. The document provides guidance on personal protective equipment, respiratory protection, and controlling chemical exposure through engineering controls, hygiene and proper storage. It emphasizes the importance of material safety data sheets and following standard operating procedures to safely handle chemicals.
This document discusses proper handling of hazardous chemicals in the workplace. It defines hazardous chemicals as those that pose a risk to employees through exposure. It outlines categories of hazardous chemicals, physical states, routes of exposure, symptoms of overexposure, incompatible chemicals, and agencies that regulate storage. It provides guidance on labeling, material safety data sheets, health hazards, and controls. The overall message is that proper training and safety protocols are necessary when working with hazardous chemicals.
This document discusses occupational health hazards and pulmonary diseases. It defines key terms like occupational health, hazards, and diseases. It describes various occupational hazards including physical (heat, cold, light, radiation, noise, vibration), chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. It provides examples of specific diseases caused by these hazards like silicosis from silica dust, byssinosis from cotton dust, and occupational asthma. The document also discusses preventive measures for various occupational health hazards and the goals of occupational health in promoting worker well-being and preventing occupational diseases.
Occupational hazards and pulmonary diseaseKhush Mehta
This document discusses occupational health hazards and pulmonary diseases. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being in all occupations. Hazards are things that can cause harm if uncontrolled. Occupational diseases are caused by one's occupation. The document outlines physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards in the workplace. It provides examples of diseases caused by different hazards like silicosis from silica dust exposure. Prevention measures are discussed for different hazards to protect worker health.
5203 Disaster and Climate Resilience, Occupational Health and Safety Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub
The document discusses chemical hazards, defining them as substances that can cause harm, especially to people. It provides examples of common chemical hazards, how chemicals can enter the body, symptoms of chemical exposure, factors that influence chemical toxicity risk, effects of chemical hazards, and how to control chemical hazards through engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and using a combination of methods.
This document summarizes various occupational health hazards. It discusses five main types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial. Physical hazards include heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, ultraviolet radiation, and ionizing radiation. Chemical hazards include dusts, gases, and metals that can be inhaled or cause skin reactions. Biological hazards refer to infectious agents encountered in healthcare or agriculture. Mechanical hazards involve moving machinery parts. Psychosocial hazards arise from psychological stress at work and can cause psychological or psychosomatic health effects. The document provides examples of diseases associated with different occupational hazards.
The document discusses occupational health and safety regarding hazardous substances in the office. It emphasizes the importance of properly storing, handling, and cleaning up hazardous substances. Examples of commonly used hazardous substances are provided, such as acids, caustics, agricultural chemicals, disinfectants, solvents, and other substances. Readers are directed to additional resources on occupational health and safety.
https://www.natlenvtrainers.com | In this presentation, National Environmental Trainers takes a look at the far-reaching impacts that chemical exposures can have on various industries, and what can be done to ensure optimum levels of safety.
This training program aims to teach participants how to identify hazards, read container labels, understand material safety data sheets, and follow safe work procedures when handling hazardous materials. It explains that the Hazard Communication standard requires employees working with hazardous chemicals to be trained. The document then outlines general hazard classifications, labeling requirements, locations of hazard information, and responsibilities of supervisors to ensure training is provided.
This lecture discusses occupational health hazards. It begins by defining occupational health as promoting workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It then reviews the historical awareness of various health hazards dating back to the 16th century. The modern definition and legislation around occupational health and safety is discussed. Various occupational diseases are outlined including those caused by physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards. Specific health issues related to temperature extremes, illumination, noise, vibration, and radiation exposures are detailed.
Safe Chemical Handling & Initial Spill ResponseDavid Horowitz
This presentation was prepared for the Sixteenth Annual Southeastern Massachusetts Drinking Water Fair held on June 16, 2011 at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy. The event was hosted by the Barnstable County Water Utilities Association and the Plymouth County Water Works Association. Attendees received Training Contact Hours (TCHs).
1) Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways. It can be triggered by allergens, irritants, and other factors.
2) Treatment involves preventing attacks with medications like inhaled corticosteroids and treating acute attacks with bronchodilators. Emergency treatment starts with 4 puffs of a reliever inhaler with 4 breaths per puff, followed by oxygen if available.
3) Factors such as environmental tobacco smoke, air pollution, stress, respiratory infections, and occupational exposures can trigger asthma. Genetics also play a role in asthma based on the gene-environment theory.
5203 Disaster and Climate Resilience, Occupational Health and Safety Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub
The document discusses noise hazards in the workplace, identifying noise levels over 85dB over an 8-hour period as hazardous. It describes how noise causes hearing loss by damaging delicate hair cells in the inner ear, and lists various common sources of noise in industries like manufacturing, construction, and agriculture. Prevention methods covered include engineering controls that modify equipment, administrative controls that limit exposure time, and providing personal protective equipment.
Overview of occupational disease dr wayne ramloganslliim
A 25-year-old construction worker was diagnosed with acute lead poisoning from his work removing lead-based paint using a sander. An investigation found several employees performing similar work without adequate protective equipment or facilities. The employer failed to properly assess risks or control exposures as required by law. While the worker recovered with treatment, the case highlighted the need for national policies on occupational lead exposure and enforcement of international exposure limits.
Occupational diseases are diseases that are caused or aggravated by the work or work environment. Some key points:
- Occupational diseases can have varying time frames between exposure and symptoms, from immediate to decades later.
- Major causes of occupational diseases include physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. Common examples are respiratory diseases from dusts or fumes, musculoskeletal disorders, and work-related stress.
- Prevention of occupational diseases involves controlling exposures through substitution of hazardous materials, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and health monitoring programs. The goal is primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
This document discusses chemical hazard signs and safety warnings found on household chemicals. It explains that chemicals will be labeled with signal words like "Poison," "Caution," or "Danger" to indicate the level of risk. "Danger" means the chemical could cause serious injury, blindness or death if misused. "Warning" indicates a risk of sickness or injury, while "Caution" means it could irritate skin or eyes. The document lists common household chemicals like cleaners, herbicides and poisons and advises readers to always read safety labels before using any chemical product.
MBBS UG class on occupational health in three parts. part 1 includes introduction of occupational health, occupational diseases, ergonomics and Pneumoconiosis
Occupational asthma (OA) is a form of asthma caused by inhalation of allergens or irritants in the workplace. There are two main mechanisms for OA - immunologic sensitization which occurs after prolonged exposure to workplace allergens, and exposure to high levels of irritants with little latency period. Diagnosis is based on a history of asthma symptoms in the workplace and pulmonary function tests showing obstruction. Prevention focuses on educating workers and managers about risks to allow early identification of affected individuals.
Occupational asthma (OA) is a form of asthma caused by inhalation of chemicals or allergens in the workplace. It can develop through immunological mechanisms like IgE-mediated sensitization to high molecular weight allergens over time, or through non-immunological irritation of the airways from high concentrations of irritants. Diagnosing OA involves considering a patient's symptoms in relation to their work, potential exposures at their job, and whether symptoms improve away from work. Early identification of causal workplace exposures can allow for removal from that exposure before lung damage becomes permanent.
This document discusses occupational health hazards, specifically chemical hazards. It defines occupational health as recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace hazards that can cause illness. It then discusses the main types of chemical hazards: dusts, fumes, mists, fibers, gases, and vapors. For each hazard type, it provides examples of chemicals that fall into that category. It also discusses acute and chronic health effects of chemical exposures. Threshold limit values and time-weighted average concentrations are defined as metrics for safe chemical exposure levels. Specific health and safety information is then provided for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, two common industrial chemicals.
The meaning of the word hazard can be confusing. Often dictionaries do not give specific definitions or combine it with the term "risk". For example, one dictionary defines hazard as "a danger or risk" which helps explain why many people use the terms interchangeably.
This document provides information on classifying and labeling hazardous materials. It discusses the health effects of chemicals on humans and how they can enter the body. It describes common symptoms of chemical exposure and classifications of hazardous materials including explosives, flammable substances, toxic substances, corrosives, irritants, sensitizers, carcinogens, and substances dangerous to the environment. The document also covers labeling requirements, the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS), and references several standards for hazardous materials classifications.
This document provides an overview of chemical hazards and safety. It discusses the classification of workplace hazards including physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic. It defines key terms like flash point, auto ignition temperature, threshold limit values and IDLH. It describes routes of chemical entry, health effects of chemicals on different organs, and carcinogens. The document provides guidance on personal protective equipment, respiratory protection, and controlling chemical exposure through engineering controls, hygiene and proper storage. It emphasizes the importance of material safety data sheets and following standard operating procedures to safely handle chemicals.
This document discusses proper handling of hazardous chemicals in the workplace. It defines hazardous chemicals as those that pose a risk to employees through exposure. It outlines categories of hazardous chemicals, physical states, routes of exposure, symptoms of overexposure, incompatible chemicals, and agencies that regulate storage. It provides guidance on labeling, material safety data sheets, health hazards, and controls. The overall message is that proper training and safety protocols are necessary when working with hazardous chemicals.
This document discusses occupational health hazards and pulmonary diseases. It defines key terms like occupational health, hazards, and diseases. It describes various occupational hazards including physical (heat, cold, light, radiation, noise, vibration), chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. It provides examples of specific diseases caused by these hazards like silicosis from silica dust, byssinosis from cotton dust, and occupational asthma. The document also discusses preventive measures for various occupational health hazards and the goals of occupational health in promoting worker well-being and preventing occupational diseases.
Occupational hazards and pulmonary diseaseKhush Mehta
This document discusses occupational health hazards and pulmonary diseases. It defines occupational health as promoting worker well-being in all occupations. Hazards are things that can cause harm if uncontrolled. Occupational diseases are caused by one's occupation. The document outlines physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards in the workplace. It provides examples of diseases caused by different hazards like silicosis from silica dust exposure. Prevention measures are discussed for different hazards to protect worker health.
5203 Disaster and Climate Resilience, Occupational Health and Safety Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub
The document discusses chemical hazards, defining them as substances that can cause harm, especially to people. It provides examples of common chemical hazards, how chemicals can enter the body, symptoms of chemical exposure, factors that influence chemical toxicity risk, effects of chemical hazards, and how to control chemical hazards through engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and using a combination of methods.
This document summarizes various occupational health hazards. It discusses five main types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial. Physical hazards include heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, ultraviolet radiation, and ionizing radiation. Chemical hazards include dusts, gases, and metals that can be inhaled or cause skin reactions. Biological hazards refer to infectious agents encountered in healthcare or agriculture. Mechanical hazards involve moving machinery parts. Psychosocial hazards arise from psychological stress at work and can cause psychological or psychosomatic health effects. The document provides examples of diseases associated with different occupational hazards.
The document discusses occupational health and safety regarding hazardous substances in the office. It emphasizes the importance of properly storing, handling, and cleaning up hazardous substances. Examples of commonly used hazardous substances are provided, such as acids, caustics, agricultural chemicals, disinfectants, solvents, and other substances. Readers are directed to additional resources on occupational health and safety.
https://www.natlenvtrainers.com | In this presentation, National Environmental Trainers takes a look at the far-reaching impacts that chemical exposures can have on various industries, and what can be done to ensure optimum levels of safety.
This training program aims to teach participants how to identify hazards, read container labels, understand material safety data sheets, and follow safe work procedures when handling hazardous materials. It explains that the Hazard Communication standard requires employees working with hazardous chemicals to be trained. The document then outlines general hazard classifications, labeling requirements, locations of hazard information, and responsibilities of supervisors to ensure training is provided.
This lecture discusses occupational health hazards. It begins by defining occupational health as promoting workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. It then reviews the historical awareness of various health hazards dating back to the 16th century. The modern definition and legislation around occupational health and safety is discussed. Various occupational diseases are outlined including those caused by physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards. Specific health issues related to temperature extremes, illumination, noise, vibration, and radiation exposures are detailed.
Safe Chemical Handling & Initial Spill ResponseDavid Horowitz
This presentation was prepared for the Sixteenth Annual Southeastern Massachusetts Drinking Water Fair held on June 16, 2011 at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy. The event was hosted by the Barnstable County Water Utilities Association and the Plymouth County Water Works Association. Attendees received Training Contact Hours (TCHs).
1) Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways. It can be triggered by allergens, irritants, and other factors.
2) Treatment involves preventing attacks with medications like inhaled corticosteroids and treating acute attacks with bronchodilators. Emergency treatment starts with 4 puffs of a reliever inhaler with 4 breaths per puff, followed by oxygen if available.
3) Factors such as environmental tobacco smoke, air pollution, stress, respiratory infections, and occupational exposures can trigger asthma. Genetics also play a role in asthma based on the gene-environment theory.
5203 Disaster and Climate Resilience, Occupational Health and Safety Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub
The document discusses noise hazards in the workplace, identifying noise levels over 85dB over an 8-hour period as hazardous. It describes how noise causes hearing loss by damaging delicate hair cells in the inner ear, and lists various common sources of noise in industries like manufacturing, construction, and agriculture. Prevention methods covered include engineering controls that modify equipment, administrative controls that limit exposure time, and providing personal protective equipment.
Overview of occupational disease dr wayne ramloganslliim
A 25-year-old construction worker was diagnosed with acute lead poisoning from his work removing lead-based paint using a sander. An investigation found several employees performing similar work without adequate protective equipment or facilities. The employer failed to properly assess risks or control exposures as required by law. While the worker recovered with treatment, the case highlighted the need for national policies on occupational lead exposure and enforcement of international exposure limits.
Occupational diseases are diseases that are caused or aggravated by the work or work environment. Some key points:
- Occupational diseases can have varying time frames between exposure and symptoms, from immediate to decades later.
- Major causes of occupational diseases include physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial hazards. Common examples are respiratory diseases from dusts or fumes, musculoskeletal disorders, and work-related stress.
- Prevention of occupational diseases involves controlling exposures through substitution of hazardous materials, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment, and health monitoring programs. The goal is primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
This document discusses chemical hazard signs and safety warnings found on household chemicals. It explains that chemicals will be labeled with signal words like "Poison," "Caution," or "Danger" to indicate the level of risk. "Danger" means the chemical could cause serious injury, blindness or death if misused. "Warning" indicates a risk of sickness or injury, while "Caution" means it could irritate skin or eyes. The document lists common household chemicals like cleaners, herbicides and poisons and advises readers to always read safety labels before using any chemical product.
MBBS UG class on occupational health in three parts. part 1 includes introduction of occupational health, occupational diseases, ergonomics and Pneumoconiosis
Occupational asthma (OA) is a form of asthma caused by inhalation of allergens or irritants in the workplace. There are two main mechanisms for OA - immunologic sensitization which occurs after prolonged exposure to workplace allergens, and exposure to high levels of irritants with little latency period. Diagnosis is based on a history of asthma symptoms in the workplace and pulmonary function tests showing obstruction. Prevention focuses on educating workers and managers about risks to allow early identification of affected individuals.
Occupational asthma (OA) is a form of asthma caused by inhalation of chemicals or allergens in the workplace. It can develop through immunological mechanisms like IgE-mediated sensitization to high molecular weight allergens over time, or through non-immunological irritation of the airways from high concentrations of irritants. Diagnosing OA involves considering a patient's symptoms in relation to their work, potential exposures at their job, and whether symptoms improve away from work. Early identification of causal workplace exposures can allow for removal from that exposure before lung damage becomes permanent.
📢 Breathe easy, know the signs! 🌬️💙
👉 Don't let asthma catch you off guard. Recognize the symptoms and take control of your respiratory health! 🌳🌼
1️⃣ Wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, can be an early warning sign of asthma. Listen closely to your body! 🎵
2️⃣ Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, especially after physical activity, might indicate an asthma flare-up. Don't ignore it! 🏃♀️💨
3️⃣ Frequent coughing, particularly at night or triggered by allergens, could be a sign of asthma. Pay attention to persistent coughs! 🌙🤧
4️⃣ Chest tightness or discomfort can accompany asthma episodes. If you feel a squeezing sensation, take it seriously! ⚠️🤒
5️⃣ Fatigue and decreased energy levels may be symptoms of uncontrolled asthma. Don't let it slow you down! Reclaim your vitality! ⚡️💪
6️⃣ Increased mucus production, leading to a persistent feeling of congestion, can be a sign of asthma. Clear the path to better breathing! 🌬️🧹
Stay informed and empower yourself against asthma! Share these symptoms with your loved ones to raise awareness. Together, we can breathe a little easier! 💙🌟
#AsthmaAwareness #BreatheEasy #RespiratoryHealth #KnowTheSigns
Occupational asthma is caused by exposure to certain agents in the workplace and results in asthma symptoms. It can be caused by sensitizers like proteins or chemicals, which induce an immune response, or irritants, which cause a non-immune response. Diagnosis involves assessing asthma symptoms and their connection to the workplace through methods like peak expiratory flow monitoring. Prevention focuses on education, exposure monitoring and reduction, and early removal from exposure. Treatment is similar to other asthma types using medications like bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids.
Molds are common fungi that can grow both indoors and outdoors. Prolonged exposure to excessive indoor mold growth at work can cause various health issues for some workers, including allergic reactions, asthma symptoms, and flu-like symptoms. The most effective ways to address mold exposure issues at work are to promptly report and fix any moisture or mold problems, thoroughly clean up any mold contamination, avoid exposure during cleanup, and eliminate the underlying moisture sources to prevent future mold growth. Workers' health should be carefully monitored after any mold cleanup efforts.
Asthma (symptoms, treatment and risk factors)Dito Gagua
To understand asthma, it helps to know how the airways work. The airways are tubes that carry air into and out of your lungs. People who have asthma have inflamed airways. The inflammation makes the airways swollen and very sensitive. The airways tend to react strongly to certain inhaled substances.
Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. It causes symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and difficulty breathing. While there is no cure for asthma, most people are able to control their symptoms through treatment. Asthma can be triggered by allergies, weather changes, exercise or genetics and often requires management with a pulmonary specialist.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that commonly affects premature infants who required oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. It develops when the lungs of premature infants are damaged from excessive oxygen or pressure from ventilation devices. Infants with BPD may experience breathing difficulties, feeding problems, and delayed growth and development. Treatment focuses on providing oxygen support, nutrition, medications to open airways and prevent infections, and managing the underlying health conditions that contribute to BPD.
After graduating from medical school, Tomifumi Onishi, MD, focused his practice on general internal medicine. As a general internist, Dr. Tomifumi Onishi is trained to diagnose and treat patients suffering from a wide variety of health problems, both chronic and acute. One such illness commonly treated by general internists is asthma.
Smog and air pollution negatively impact human health in several ways. Children, seniors, and fetuses are most at risk. Exposure can worsen respiratory diseases and symptoms, and may even cause some respiratory illnesses. Pollutants in smog can enter the bloodstream through the lungs and accumulate in organs, affecting especially the circulatory and respiratory systems. Symptoms of smog poisoning include headaches, fatigue, coughing, and eye and nasal irritation. Long-term exposure increases risks of cancer, respiratory diseases, and a weakened immune system. It is important to monitor air quality and take protective measures like wearing an anti-smog mask on high pollution days.
Allergy and asthma are common conditions affecting approximately 20% of Americans. Allergies occur when the immune system has an adverse reaction to normally harmless substances. Common allergens include pollen, dust, animal dander, foods, and medications. Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Together, allergies and asthma represent a significant public health and economic burden, costing billions of dollars annually in healthcare costs and lost productivity. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation of the airways and difficulty breathing. It is classified based on symptom frequency and can be triggered by environmental factors like air pollution, allergens, and certain substances. Common symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. While asthma has no cure, it can be controlled through avoiding triggers, reducing exposure to triggers, and using medication. Proper management is important to prevent worsening symptoms and limit impact on daily life.
This document provides an overview of asthma, including its definition, types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and can be triggered by allergens, infections, pollutants, and other irritants. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, performing pulmonary function tests, and ruling out other conditions. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and controlling symptoms.
Asthma is a condition whereby the breathing passages (bronchioles) that help in the exchange of air in and out of the lungs gets inflamed or swollen.
Visit: https://www.rchomeopathy.com.au/homeopathy-for-asthma-best-natural-treatment/
World Asthma Day 2023: Improving Respiratory Health GloballyGoMedii Technologies
World Asthma Day is observed annually on May 2nd to raise awareness about asthma and promote better treatment worldwide. This year's theme is "Asthma Care for All". The Global Initiative for Asthma established World Asthma Day in 1998 to educate people about asthma and support advocacy efforts. Common activities held on this day include educational seminars, asthma screenings, and fundraising events. The goal is to improve asthma management and care globally.
Asthma is a syndrome characterized by reversible airflow obstruction that varies in severity. It is caused by inflammation in the airways that makes them hyperresponsive to triggers. While narrowing of the airways is usually reversible, some patients develop irreversible obstruction. Asthma has many risk factors including genetics, infections, allergens, and environmental exposures, as well as triggers that worsen symptoms like viruses, allergens, exercise and air pollution. The global prevalence of asthma has increased significantly, imposing a large burden on patients and healthcare systems.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It has no cure but can be treated through medications administered via inhalers or nebulizers. Risk factors include family history, childhood respiratory infections, occupational exposures, and lack of access to healthcare. Worldwide, 300 million people have asthma, including over 17 million in the US, and it remains a leading cause of death for some groups.
Asthma is a disease that makes it difficult to breathe due to inflammation in the bronchial tubes. When the tubes become inflamed and narrow, it can lead to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Common asthma triggers include allergens like pollen, dust mites, and animal dander as well as respiratory irritants like smoke, fumes, and changes in weather. Treatment involves both long-term control medications and quick-relief inhalers to prevent and relieve asthma symptoms and attacks. People with asthma need to recognize their triggers and take steps to avoid exposure in order to keep their condition under control.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
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Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Occupational Diseases
1. INTRODUCTION TO OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
An Occupational disease is disease or disorder that is caused by work or working
conditions. This means that the disease must have developed due to exposure at the
workplace. And that the correlation between the exposures and the disease is well
known in medical research. Or put on another way, it must not be likely, beyond
reasonable doubt that the disease is caused by factor other than work. Exposure in
the workplace that may cause some of this disease repetitive work movements, work
with arms lifted above shoulder height, heavy lifting work, work in a very noisy
environment and work with hazardous substances. When there is adequate medical
documentation that a disease is caused by a certain exposures, the disease is
included in the list occupation disease.
In order to get compensation and other benefits as a consequence of a disease, the
disease must be recognised as an industrial injury. A disease can be recognised in
two different way. If the disease and the exposure causing the disease are on the list
on occupational disease we recognised the disease as occupational disease. If the
disease are not on occupational diseases, it is still possible to recognised it as a
occupational disease if the occupational disease committee, in their
recommendation, state that is likely, beyond reasonable doubt, that the disease was
caused by special factors in the workplace.
there is a presumption that specific disease are caused by the worker being in the
work environment and the burden is on the employer or insurer to show that the
disease came about from another cause .Diseases compensated by national
workers compensation authorities are often termed occupational diseases.
2. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE ASTHMA
Work-related asthma is one of the most frequently reported occupational lung
diseases. If you have asthma, exposures in the workplace can be a cause of asthma
symptoms. And, for some people being exposed to certain chemicals, irritants or
allergens can cause asthma to develop for the very first time.
Whether you work indoors or outdoors, the work environment can expose you to
irritants and allergens that may be different from what you encounter at home.
Industrial or wood dusts, chemical fumes, solvents, pests, molds, secondhand
smoke, vehicle exhaust, ozone and particulate matter air pollution are just a few
common exposures at work
Asthma is an occupational condition that can be defined as ’a disease characterized
by variable airflow limitation and/or airway hyper-responsiveness due to causes and
conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not stimuli
encountered outside the workplace’. Occupational asthma has a vast number of
occupations at risk. Bad indoor air quality may predispose for disease in the lungs as
well as in other parts of the body.
Asthma is a chronic, or life-long, disease that can be serious even life threatening.
There is no cure for asthma. The good news is that it can be managed so people can
live a normal, healthy life. Asthma is a lung disease that makes it harder to move air
in and out of your lungs. When you breathe, air passes through your nose and down
your throat into your lungs. Inside your lungs are branching tubes called airways.
3. With asthma, the airways are often swollen and red or inflamed. This makes them
extra sensitive to things that you are exposed to in the environment every day or
asthma “triggers”. A trigger could be a cold, the weather, or things in the
environment, such as dust, chemicals, smoke and pet dander. When someone with
asthma breathes in a trigger, the insides of the airways make extra mucus and swell
even more. This narrows the space for the air to move in and out of the lungs. The
muscles that wrap around your airways can also tighten, making breathing even
harder. When that happens its called as an asthma flare up, asthma episode or
asthma attack.
Occupational asthma is asthma that's caused or worsened by breathing in chemical
fumes, gases, dust or other substances on the job. Like other types of asthma,
occupational asthma can cause chest tightness, wheezing and shortness of breath.
When treated early, occupational asthma may be reversible. Long-term exposure to
allergy-causing substances can cause worsening symptoms and lifelong asthma.
Treatment for occupational asthma is similar to treatment for other types of asthma,
and it generally includes taking medications to reduce symptoms. But the only sure
way to eliminate your symptoms and prevent lung damage due to occupational
asthma is to avoid whatever's triggering it. Occupational asthma symptoms are
similar to those caused by other types of asthma. Signs and symptoms may include
Wheezing sometimes just at night, Coughing, Shortness of breath and Chest
tightness. Other possible accompanying signs and symptoms may include runny
nose, Nasal congestion, Eye irritation and tearing.
4. Occupational asthma symptoms depend on the substance you're exposed to, how
long and how often you're exposed, and other factors. Your symptoms may Get
worse as the workweek progresses, go away during weekends and vacations, and
recur when you return to work. Occur both at work and away from work. Start as
soon as you're exposed to an asthma-inducing substance at work or only after a
period of regular exposure to the substance. Continue after exposure is stopped.
The longer you're exposed to the asthma-causing substance, the more likely you'll
have long-lasting or permanent asthma symptoms.
More than 300 workplace substances have been identified as possible causes of
occupational asthma. These substances include animals substances such as protein
found in dander , hair, scales ,fur , saliva and body wastes. Chemical such as
anhydrides, disocyanates and acids used to make paints, varnishes, adhesives,
laminates and soldering resin. Other examples include chemicals used to make
insulation, packaging materials, and foam mattresses and upholstery.
Occupational asthma refers to cases of asthma caused by specific agents in the
workplace. Occupational asthma can be further divided into two groups. Sensitizer-
induced asthma - caused by sensitization (reaction) to a substance Irritant-induced
asthma also called reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, or RADS which is caused
by one specific, high-level exposure
Work exacerbated asthma is those who have a worsening of their asthma symptoms
while at work .Not all workers will react with an asthmatic response when exposed to
substances. Asthmatic attacks can be controlled either by ending exposure to the
substance, or by medical treatment to manage the asthma symptoms.
5. HOW DOES OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA DEVELOP
Sometimes, the body can develop a sensitization (an allergic-type) reaction when it
is exposed continuously to a substance. The process is usually not immediate it
involves over a period of time and involves the body's immune system. A complex
defense system protects the body from harm caused by foreign substances or
microbes. Among the most important elements of the defense mechanism are
special proteins called "antibodies." Antibodies are produced when the human body
contacts an alien substance or microbe. The role of the antibodies is to react with
substances or microbes and destroy them. Antibodies are often very selective, acting
only on one particular substance or type of microbe.
But antibodies can also respond in a wrong way and cause disorders such as
asthma. After a period of exposure to a substance, either natural or synthetic, a
worker may start producing too many of the antibodies called "immunoglobulin E".
These antibodies attach to specific cells in the lung in a process known as
"sensitization." The sensitization may not show any symptoms of disease, or it may
be associated with skin rashes (urticaria), hay fever-like symptoms, or a combination
of these symptoms.
6. WHAT FACTORS THAT INCREASE ASTHMA AT THE
WORKPLACE
Some workplace conditions seem to increase the likelihood that workers will develop
asthma, but their importance is not fully known. Factors such as the properties of the
chemicals, and the amount and duration of exposure are important. However,
because only a fraction of exposed workers are affected, factors unique to individual
workers can also be important. Such factors include the ability of some people to
produce abnormal amounts of antibodies. The contribution of cigarette smoking to
asthma is not known. However, smokers are more likely than non smokers to
develop respiratory problems in general.
Although there are medical treatments that may control the symptoms of asthma, it is
important to stop exposure wherever possible. If the exposure to the substance is
not stopped, treatment will be needed continuously and the breathing problems may
become permanent. People may continue to suffer from work-related asthma even
after removal from exposure. The best way to prevent work-related asthma is to
replace substances with less harmful ones. Where this is not possible, exposure
should be minimized through engineering controls such as ventilation and
enclosures of processes
7. HOW TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF INJURY ASTHMA AT
THE WORKPLACE
Preventing further exposure might involve administrative controls such as a change
of job or tasks .Education of workers is also very important. Proper handling
procedures, avoidance of spills and good housekeeping reduce the occurrence of
asthma.
Education of workers is also very important. Proper handling procedures, avoidance
of spills and good housekeeping reduce the occurrence of asthma .Masks or
respirators can also help to control workplace exposure. Personal protective
equipment is considered the last option for control measures. In order to be effective
these protective devices must be carefully selected, properly fitted and well
maintained as part of a full personal protective personal equipment (PPE)
Occupational asthma can be controlled..Prevent the disease by reducing or
eliminating environmental allergens and irritants. Detect the disease early, even
before symptoms appear, by using surveillance measures. Avoid worsening
symptoms by preventing exposure or using something less harmful.
8. LIST THE SUBSTANCE THAT CAN CAUSE ASTHMA AT THE
WORKPLACE
Alpha amylases
Enzymes that change starch into sugar. Used in flour milling and bread
baking. Also used in detergents, animal feed, textile processing and brewing
C37/ C21, C22
Azodicarbonamide
Used in the expansion of polymers in the rubber and plastics industries C1
Bromelains
Enzymes within the fruit, stem and leaves of the pineapple. Used
pharmaceutically as an aid to digestion and as an anti-inflammatory agent
C38
Carmine
An insect-derived dyestuff. Used for cosmetic and pharmaceutical dyeing and
as a food and drink colouring C2
Castor bean dust
Castor oil is used in paint, varnish, hydraulic fluids, printing inks, nylon,
plastics and cosmetics and hair oils C3
Cephalosporins
Antibiotics similar to penicillin C39
9. Chloramine-T
A disinfectant with antiviral, bactericidal and fungicidal properties. Highly
reactive with proteins C4
Cockroach material
Dust from the bodies, eggs, saliva, faeces and cast skins of cockroaches C40
Coffee bean dust
Dust from the processing of coffee beans C30
Cow epithelium/urine
Dust from cow hair and dander C8
Crustacean proteins
From the processing of prawns, crabs, shrimps and lobsters C9
10. WHAT CAUSES OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA
A wide range of animal- and plant-derived proteins, insect and plant dusts,
chemicals, pharmaceutical agents and bacterial enzymes are believed to cause
occupational asthma. They are deposited in the lung in various ways, depending on
their size and shape.
The symptoms of occupational asthma can occur in several ways. The main
distinction is whether the symptoms are an allergic reaction or an irritant reaction:
For an allergic reaction to occur, a worker must first be sensitized to a substance,
usually a protein, called an allergen. That is, the body's immune system on first
exposure to this substance misreads the allergen as a foreign substance and makes
antibodies to get rid of it. Once this sensitization takes place, it constitutes a
permanent occupational injury. An allergic reaction can occur when the patient is
again exposed to the substance. Constant exposure can result in severe, disabling
asthma.
Scientists know little about the length of exposure or the dose needed to produce an
allergic response. In most cases, there is a latent period of days or years after first
exposure to the occupational allergen before symptoms occur. But once the worker
is exposed, very low levels of the substance can provoke an asthmatic reaction
.Irritant reactions to substances are more common than allergic reactions and are
the short-term worsening of a condition already present.
Proving the difference between a permanent allergic injury and a temporary irritant
reaction is not perfect. It relies on experience and a detailed history of the condition
that includes review of symptoms before starting the job, a physical exam and
diagnostic testing .Scientists also have identified a syndrome—Reactive Airways
Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)—which falls somewhere between an acute irritant
reaction and allergen- induced asthma. Typically an intense onetime irritant
exposure is followed by asthma-like symptoms of coughing, wheezing and shortness
of breath. This resolves over days or weeks—and sometimes months.
11. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA
Physical symptoms include coughing, wheezing, breathing problems and chest
tightness. The skin, eyes and nose may become inflamed. Three basic patterns of
asthmatic response can be seen:
A prompt response of trouble breathing and wheezing within minutes of exposure
to the allergen. The condition is worse in 10 to 30 minutes and clears up in 1 to 2
hours. Symptoms often go away soon after the worker leaves the workplace and do
not recur on weekends.
A delayed or late onset reaction, which often begins 1 to 6 hours after exposure and
peaks in 3 to 8 hours. Sometimes it lasts 2 to 36 hours and can recur nightly after a
single exposure. It may take days or weeks to resolve.
A dual response, both prompt and late onset. Symptoms begin within minutes of
exposure and return to normal in 1 to 2 hours. Symptoms flare up again in the
evening or after bedtime and continue in some patients for up to 12 hours.
Spill of an agent can cause high-level exposure that triggers a reaction quickly If
there is a period of time between first exposure to a workplace agent and onset of
symptoms, allergies should be suspected. To confirm your asthma, your doctor will
give you breathing tests before and after giving you an airways-opening medication.
In a challenge test, the doctor may try to reproduce symptoms. You will be asked to
inhale histamine or methacholine to provoke a response.
12. Picture 1 : Dust can cause asthma. Example at the workplace contractor they
exposure to dust
Picture 2 : example for employee that exposure to dust , chemical they got asthma
13. Picture 3 : example for occupational asthma
Picture 4 : example for occupational asthma
14. REFERENCE
1) www.ccohs.ca/oshanwers/disease/asthma/htm.
canadian centre for occupationalhealth and safety
2 ) www.hse.gov.uk/asthma
health and safety executive
3)www.lung.org/lungsdisease/asthma/creative-asthma
American lungs association
4) www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id
asthma and allergy foundation of america