This document discusses rotavirus, a major cause of diarrhea and gastroenteritis in children under 5. It causes over 6 lakh deaths globally each year. The virus has a wheel-shaped appearance and belongs to the Reoviridae family. It replicates in the cytoplasm of intestinal cells. Two vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, launched in 2006 help prevent rotavirus infection and have 95-100% efficacy. Challenges to vaccine introduction include uncertain demand, insufficient supply, high prices, and emergence of new viral strains.

1. RO TA RUS V CCI E
VI A N
T E T SAVE YOUR K
IM O IDS
DR.SMRUTIRANJAN PATANAIK

2. RO TA RUS
VI
 A VIRUS OF THE FAMILY
REOVIRIDAE
 WHEEL SHAPED APPEARANCE –
ROTA
 MAJOR CAUSE OF DIARRHEA AND
GASTROENTERITIS UNDER THE
AGE OF FIVE
 MORTALITY 6 LAKHS ACROSS THE
GLOBE (29 TO 45 % OF ALL
DIARRHEAL DEATHS)
 OVER 2 MILLION HOSPITALIZED
EACH YEAR

3. STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATION
BASIS :- IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS
COMPONENTS OF PARTICLES & FROM
GENOMIC COMPOSITION INTO GROUPS A-G:-
GROUP A HAVING SEROTYPES & GENOTYPES

4. REPLI TI N
CA O
SITE- CYTOPLASM OF ENTEROCYTES
REMOVAL OF OUTER CAPSID
mRNA SYNTHESIS
mRNA (CYTOPLASM)
TRANSLATION
VIRAL PROTEINS
VIROPLASM
REPLICATION
ds RNA
DOUBLE SHELLED PARTICLES FORMED
VIRUS RELEASED

5. ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION-FAECO ORAL
ROUTE (1012 VIRIONS PER GM. OF EXCRETA
IN ACUTE INFECTION)
INFECTIVE DOSE-LOW (100-1000 VIRAL
PARTICLES)
INCUBATION PERIOD-2 TO 3 DAYS
IMMUNITY:-
IgA ANTIBODIES
CTL

6. NEED FO R AV CCI E
A N
 NATURALLY ACQUIRED IMMUNITY AFTER THE DISEASE.
 TRANSMISSION RATES UNAFFECTED BY IMPROVING
SANITATION.
 UNAVAILABILITY OF LIFE SAVING I.V. TREATMENT TO
ALL PATIENTS.
 COST EFFECTIVE METHODS.
HISTORYOF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
• 1993-94—LIVE ATTENUATED ROTAVIRUS VACCINE
FROM RHESUS MONKEY.
• 1996-COCKTAIL VACCINE (RRV-TV).
• 1998-ROTASHIELD

7. PRESEN V CCI ES A ALA LE
T A N VI B

8. CHALLEN GES FO R V CCI E
A N
I TRO DUCTI N& FUTURE PRO SPECTS
N O
UNCERTAIN DEMAND, INSUFFICIENT SUPPLY
AND HIGH PRICES OF THE VACCINE.
LACK OF INFORMATION ON BURDEN OF
DISEASE IN SOME COUNTRIES.
NEW EMERGING MUTANT & RECOMBINANT
STRAINS OF VIRUS.

9. I AN
N UTSHELL
THE 2 VACCINES ROTATEQ AND ROTARIX
LAUNCHED IN THE YEAR 2006 HELP IN
PREVENTION OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION AT THE
ENTEROCYTE LEVEL HAVING A PROMISING
EFFICACY OF AROUND 95 TO 100%.