Rotavirus
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This document discusses rotavirus, a major cause of diarrhea and gastroenteritis in children under 5. It causes over 6 lakh deaths globally each year. The virus has a wheel-shaped appearance and belongs to the Reoviridae family. It replicates in the cytoplasm of intestinal cells. Two vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, launched in 2006 help prevent rotavirus infection and have 95-100% efficacy. Challenges to vaccine introduction include uncertain demand, insufficient supply, high prices, and emergence of new viral strains.
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This document discusses rotavirus prevention and control. It provides an overview of rotavirus epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It discusses infection control measures including handwashing and vaccination. Two oral rotavirus vaccines are described and their efficacy, safety and use in HIV-infected infants is summarized. Surveillance efforts in South Africa and Africa are outlined. WHO recommendations for rotavirus vaccination through routine immunization programs are also mentioned.
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Rotavirus is a virus that causes gastroenteritis in infants and young children. It is estimated that nearly all children will be infected with rotavirus by age 5. Rotavirus causes about half of all cases of gastroenteritis in children under 5. India will soon have a locally manufactured low-cost rotavirus vaccine as part of its universal immunization program. The vaccine from Bharat Biotech is expected to be available at almost one-fifteenth the current market price and could be launched in 2015. Recent research has studied rotavirus infections and strains in small ruminants and the potential for interspecies transmission.
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This document summarizes information about rotavirus, which is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. It discusses the disease burden of rotavirus, describing it as responsible for over 600,000 childhood deaths annually, especially in low-income countries like India. The document also reviews rotavirus virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, preventive measures, challenges, and two available oral vaccines - Rotarix and RotaTeq. It emphasizes that while improvements in hygiene and sanitation can help reduce transmission, vaccination is needed to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity caused by rotavirus diarrhea.
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Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. It spreads easily between people through the fecal-oral route. Diagnosis is made through enzyme immunoassays detecting the virus in stool samples. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement through oral rehydration therapy. Two oral rotavirus vaccines provide protection against the most common strains causing infection. Development of an indigenous rotavirus vaccine called Rotavac could help reduce the 100,000 annual child deaths from rotavirus in India.
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This document discusses rotavirus, a common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. It provides information on signs and symptoms, risk factors, transmission, prevention and vaccines. The key points are:
- Rotavirus is highly contagious and usually causes fever, vomiting and watery diarrhea for 4-8 days. It is spread through fecal-oral transmission.
- Infants and children under 2 are most at risk, as they are more vulnerable to dehydration from rotavirus infection.
- Prevention strategies include handwashing, vaccination and oral rehydration solutions. There are three rotavirus vaccines available which provide protection from severe diarrhea.
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This document discusses rotavirus, a leading cause of severe diarrhea among children under 5 years old globally. It provides an overview of the disease burden in India, differences between the two available rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq), challenges with vaccine serotype diversity and efficacy, and recommendations from WHO and IAPCOI to include rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs in developing countries due to the potential for significant impact even with moderate vaccine efficacy.
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This document discusses rotavirus, a common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. It provides information on signs and symptoms, risk factors, transmission, prevention and vaccines. The key points are:
- Rotavirus is highly contagious and usually causes fever, vomiting and watery diarrhea for 4-8 days. It is spread through fecal-oral transmission.
- Infants and children under 2 are most at risk, as they are more vulnerable to dehydration from rotavirus infection.
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This document provides an overview of HIV and oral manifestations in two parts. Part 1 discusses the terminology, classification, structure, pathogenesis and epidemiology of HIV. It describes how HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and causes AIDS by destroying the immune system. Worldwide, about 36.9 million people live with HIV. In India, the adult prevalence has declined but there are still an estimated 20.88 lakh people living with HIV. The virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. Part 1 lays the groundwork for understanding HIV and its oral implications, which will be covered in Part 2.
AIDS.ppt
HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying the body's immunity. It progresses from an initial infection period with no symptoms to an asymptomatic carrier state, then to AIDS-related complex with some infections and symptoms, and finally to AIDS which is the last stage characterized by various opportunistic infections, cancers, and neurological disorders. HIV has infected over 34 million people globally since first emerging as a health problem in the 1980s, with sub-Saharan Africa experiencing an epidemic starting in the 1990s.
Unraveling Virus Complexes in Plants/ CIAT APR 2015
This document summarizes the work of Wilmer J. Cuellar on unraveling virus complexes in plants. It discusses that viruses occur in complex communities and interact in various ways. Historically, plant viruses were described based on symptoms alone, but it is now understood that single strains grown in pure culture do not reflect reality. Viruses often occur as mixed infections in nature, and can have varying impacts depending on the plant variety infected. The document outlines research on complex virus infections in cassava and sweet potato. It emphasizes the importance of early identification and surveillance of potential virus threats. Improving diagnostic tools is key to evaluating cleaning protocols and detecting early infections. Understanding virus diversity and interactions is important for disease management.
Meningitis in Children.
Meningitis in children and its Management.
Definition
Incidence
Transmission
Route of infection
Sign & symptoms
Types
Pathogenesis
Risk factors
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Examination
Investigation
Prevention
Compliication
Prognosis
Reference
Future Of Healthcare Dr Dev Taneja
This document discusses the future of healthcare delivery and practice. It predicts that (1) the number of doctors will increase and patients will demand higher quality time and care; (2) patients will become more informed consumers who are less loyal to individual doctors; (3) healthcare delivery will increasingly involve telemedicine, robotic surgery, stem cell therapy, and other advanced technologies; and (4) there will be new business opportunities in medical tourism, wellness clinics, and other areas of the growing healthcare industry. The document encourages doctors to think about retirement planning, continuing education, and adapting to changes in the field.
kawasaki syndrome
Kawasaki disease is a self-limited vasculitis that predominantly affects children under 5 years old. It is characterized by prolonged fever and changes in the mouth, hands and feet, skin rash, and conjunctival injection. Left untreated, it can lead to coronary artery aneurysms in up to 25% of cases. Treatment involves intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin to reduce inflammation and prevent aneurysm formation. While most children recover fully, timely diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent rare but serious cardiac complications.
fever.ppt
This document discusses the approach to fever in clinical practice. It notes that about 1% of the population has fever at any given time, which can rise to 1.5-2% during rainy and winter seasons. Most fevers are viral. Fever is easy to manage but difficult to diagnose, and certain fevers like dengue or leptospirosis can lead to complications if neglected. The document then covers the definition of fever, benefits of fever, physiological changes associated with fever, different fever patterns, investigations for fever, management of fever and hydration, syndromic management, and discharge policies for fever patients.
Mycovirus - A Natural Fungicide
This document provides an overview of mycoviruses. It discusses their history, taxonomy, structure, and classification. Key points include:
- Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi and were first observed in the 1940s associated with mushroom disease.
- They have diverse genomes that can be dsRNA, ssRNA, or DNA. Major families include Totiviridae, Partitiviridae, Chrysoviridae, and Megabirnaviridae.
- Mycovirus particles range in size from 30-80nm and have structures adapted to their genome organization, such as spherical or multilayered capsids.
- Mycoviruses can reduce fungal virulence, be
Rabies virus
This document summarizes information about the vesiculovirus family, which includes rabies virus. It describes the bullet-shaped, enveloped structure of vesiculoviruses with glycoprotein spikes. The major antigenic factor is glycoprotein G, which is responsible for neuroinvasiveness. Vesiculoviruses can infect all warm-blooded animals and are transmitted via bites. In humans, rabies causes an incubation period of weeks to years followed by an acute neurological phase and death if not treated. Diagnosis involves antigen detection, viral isolation, and antibody detection by various tests including RT-PCR and histopathological staining for Negri bodies.
Rabies virus by ansar ah paray
This document summarizes information about the vesiculovirus family, which includes rabies virus. It describes the bullet-shaped, enveloped structure of vesiculoviruses with glycoprotein spikes. The major antigenic factor is glycoprotein G, which is responsible for neuroinvasiveness. Vesiculoviruses can infect all warm-blooded animals and are transmitted via bites. In humans, rabies virus enters peripheral neurons and spreads centrally and centrifugally along nerves. This leads to an incubation period of 20-90 days followed by an acute neurological phase with symptoms of hyperactivity and paralysis, ultimately resulting in death.
Hiv in orthopaedics
This document discusses HIV and its effects in orthopaedics. It provides statistics on HIV deaths and hospitalizations. It describes the structure and life cycle of the HIV virus, how it attacks the immune system, and the stages of HIV infection. It discusses various orthopaedic problems seen in HIV patients like arthritis and fractures. It also outlines strategies to diagnose and manage HIV, including antiretroviral drug therapies, and precautions orthopaedic surgeons should take when operating on HIV patients.
Foot and Mouth Disease : Dr Ananya
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is characterized by fever and formation of vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. The disease causes enormous economic losses from reduced productivity and trade restrictions. It is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus which has multiple serotypes. Diagnosis involves detecting viral antigens or RNA. Management involves vaccination, movement controls, quarantine, and disinfection to control outbreaks and limit transmission between herds.
Similar to Rotavirus (20)
Topic presentation on emerging communicable diseases
Topic presentation on emerging communicable diseases
Unraveling Virus Complexes in Plants/ CIAT APR 2015
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VVF DR SR PATANAIK
This document discusses the classification and management of genitourinary fistulas. It begins with an introduction defining a fistula and classifying them based on organ of origin and termination point in the urinary tract. It then describes various types of genitourinary fistulas involving the bladder, ureter, and urethra. The remainder of the document covers etiology, clinical features, investigations, prevention, and surgical and non-surgical management of genitourinary fistulas.
Eplusclinic story
eplusclinic, eclinic , ehealth , healthcare , telemedicine , doctors , medical devices , rural healthcare ,
Sweety and her story
This document discusses Sweety's story and how eplusclinic matters for healthcare. eplusclinic is a division of Superknowledge that aims to provide quality healthcare through various initiatives and programs.
eplusclinic
telemedicine
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doctors
videoconferencing with doctors
talk to doctors
send files to doctors
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e medicine
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web based videoconferencing
internet based medicine
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medical diagnostic devices
remote healthcare
affordable healthcare
Management of snake bite victims
Hopes everybody will be able to understand the signs and symptoms of snake bite and can know which are the most common poisonous snakes in India. This is for everybody not only medicos.
Leptin and obesity cycle
How fat is managed in our human body , and how by altering the leptin pathway we can treat bulimia, anorexia and obesity like disorders.
Insomnia show
Insomnia is a condition where an individual has trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. There are two main types - primary insomnia which is not caused by another condition, and secondary insomnia which is caused by an underlying medical, physical, or psychological condition. Common causes of secondary insomnia include illnesses, pain, anxiety, depression, certain medications, caffeine, alcohol, and sleep disorders. Insomnia can be diagnosed through a medical history, physical exam, and potentially a sleep study. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medication to establish a regular sleep schedule. Insomnia is a common problem that can negatively impact daytime functioning if left untreated.
A S T H M A I N I N D I A N C H I L D R E N
LOT OF THANKS TO SWATI BHAVE MADAM FOR GIVING US SUCH A NICE PRESENTATION FOR MEDICOTESTING. THANKS A LOT MAAM
24 Hour Anonymous Medical Information Service
This document describes a pilot study conducted in Sweden during the summer of 2008 that tested an anonymous 24-hour mobile telephone medical information service provided by dermatologists. 18 medical consultations were answered within 24 hours using MMS photos of skin conditions. A survey of 10 dermatologists found they could consistently diagnose common conditions like insect bites but had more varied agreement on diagnoses like acne. Users were generally satisfied with the advice but most also sought additional information online or from doctors. The study concluded such a service could complement internet self-diagnosis for common issues but cannot replace in-person doctor visits. More research is needed to create cost-effective models that encourage well-being.
A C C I D E N T R E S C U E T R A I N I N G M O D U L E F O R A M B U L ...
This document outlines guidelines for extrication and rescue methods for emergency teams. It discusses the 7 basic steps to any operation which include size-up, hazard control, gaining access, providing life-saving care, disentanglement, preparing for removal, and removal of the patient. Key points emphasized are stabilizing hazards first, avoiding rushing extractions, and properly packaging patients while maintaining spinal precautions before removing them from the vehicle or scene of the incident. Planning, training, and following established protocols are stressed as essential to successful rescue operations.
A European Patient Summary Infrastructure
The document discusses a proposed European Patient Summary (EPS) infrastructure that would allow sharing of patient summary data across Europe at an EU-wide level. The infrastructure would need to be scalable to support 500 million citizen summaries across 5,000 health authorities and 1 million users. It would use a "Triple Space" approach with a decentralized, distributed shared space where healthcare parties can publish and access patient data while respecting different national privacy regulations and data ownership policies. The architecture is described as using ontologies to model clinical data and define subspaces within each patient summary space for administrative, clinical and private data with corresponding access control policies. Examples are given of how the EPS infrastructure could integrate with the NHS Spine system in the UK and the
Accute Abdomen
The document provides information about acute abdomen including potential causes, relevant history questions, physical exam findings, and management strategies. It discusses signs and symptoms of several specific conditions that can cause acute abdomen such as appendicitis, duodenal ulcer, kidney stones, abdominal aortic aneurysm, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and bowel obstruction. The physical exam involves assessing vital signs, palpating the abdomen, and listening to bowel sounds while the management focuses on airway, nothing by mouth, and considering other potential causes like cardiac or gynecological issues.
THE ONCOLOGY NETWORK IN KERALA
OncoNet is a telemedicine network in Kerala, India that connects the Regional Cancer Centre in Trivandrum to peripheral cancer treatment centers. The network allows for remote expert consultations, sharing of pathology and radiology images, continuing medical education, and follow-up care for cancer patients in rural areas. By improving access to cancer specialists and reducing unnecessary travel, OncoNet aims to enhance early detection and treatment of cancer in developing regions of India.
M health presented by Dr. K. ganapathy
the future of healthcare in india , the recent advancements , the recent technology in e health , learn all from www.medicotesting.com
Alzheimer disease
The boy is worried about his grandfather who has not returned from his evening walk. His grandfather spends a lot of time with him, helping with homework and telling him stories. Now his exams are starting and he is missing his grandfather. The boy is afraid something may have happened to his grandfather or that he has lost his way home.
The knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the body, formed by the fusion of the femur, tibia, and patella bones. It contains several ligaments like the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments that provide stability, as well as menisci that act as shock absorbers. Injuries to the ligaments and menisci are common and can be diagnosed using clinical tests, with treatments including physical therapy, surgery such as arthroscopy, or in severe cases, knee replacement surgery.
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The document discusses basic principles of mechanical ventilation including factors that can lead to ventilatory failure, airway resistance, lung compliance, hypoventilation, V/Q mismatch, intrapulmonary shunting, and diffusion defects. It also covers different types of ventilator waveforms including pressure, volume, flow and pressure/volume loops which can be used to assess a patient's respiratory status and response to therapy.
www.medicotesting.com , AIDS ppt
The document discusses anti-retroviral drug resistance in HIV. It notes that drug resistance is a major reason why HIV drugs stop being effective over time. It outlines steps India is taking to monitor and prevent drug resistance, including establishing a national committee on HIV drug resistance to develop surveillance strategies. Pilot sites for initial threshold surveys and drug resistance monitoring are proposed to provide initial data on transmission levels and resistance in patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
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Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Rotavirus
- 1. RO TA RUS V CCI E VI A N T E T SAVE YOUR K IM O IDS DR.SMRUTIRANJAN PATANAIK
- 2. RO TA RUS VI A VIRUS OF THE FAMILY REOVIRIDAE WHEEL SHAPED APPEARANCE – ROTA MAJOR CAUSE OF DIARRHEA AND GASTROENTERITIS UNDER THE AGE OF FIVE MORTALITY 6 LAKHS ACROSS THE GLOBE (29 TO 45 % OF ALL DIARRHEAL DEATHS) OVER 2 MILLION HOSPITALIZED EACH YEAR
- 3. STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION BASIS :- IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITIES OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF PARTICLES & FROM GENOMIC COMPOSITION INTO GROUPS A-G:- GROUP A HAVING SEROTYPES & GENOTYPES
- 4. REPLI TI N CA O SITE- CYTOPLASM OF ENTEROCYTES REMOVAL OF OUTER CAPSID mRNA SYNTHESIS mRNA (CYTOPLASM) TRANSLATION VIRAL PROTEINS VIROPLASM REPLICATION ds RNA DOUBLE SHELLED PARTICLES FORMED VIRUS RELEASED
- 5. ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION-FAECO ORAL ROUTE (1012 VIRIONS PER GM. OF EXCRETA IN ACUTE INFECTION) INFECTIVE DOSE-LOW (100-1000 VIRAL PARTICLES) INCUBATION PERIOD-2 TO 3 DAYS IMMUNITY:- IgA ANTIBODIES CTL
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- 7. PRESEN V CCI ES A ALA LE T A N VI B
- 8. CHALLEN GES FO R V CCI E A N I TRO DUCTI N& FUTURE PRO SPECTS N O UNCERTAIN DEMAND, INSUFFICIENT SUPPLY AND HIGH PRICES OF THE VACCINE. LACK OF INFORMATION ON BURDEN OF DISEASE IN SOME COUNTRIES. NEW EMERGING MUTANT & RECOMBINANT STRAINS OF VIRUS.
- 9. I AN N UTSHELL THE 2 VACCINES ROTATEQ AND ROTARIX LAUNCHED IN THE YEAR 2006 HELP IN PREVENTION OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION AT THE ENTEROCYTE LEVEL HAVING A PROMISING EFFICACY OF AROUND 95 TO 100%.