This document discusses root resorption, which is the loss of tooth structure over the root surface due to physiologic or pathologic processes. It begins by classifying root resorption by type, location, and severity. It then focuses on orthodontically induced root resorption, discussing the biology and risk factors involved like tooth movement type, force type, root shape, and patient characteristics. The document concludes that while root resorption is an iatrogenic risk of orthodontic treatment, orthodontists should take measures to reduce its occurrence.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Functional malocclusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction
History
Indications and contraindications
Timing of distalization
Second molar extraction
Mandibular molar distalization
Rickett’s criterion
Classification and various distalization appliances
References
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Controversies in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Anchorage in beggs technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Elastics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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PHYSIOLOGIC AND PATHOLOGIC RESORPTION
HOW TOOTH IS NORMALLY RESISTANT TO RESORPTION...
Explained by 4 hypothesis..
RANK/RANKL/OPG SYSTEM
DEFINITION OF RESORPTION
CLASSIFICATION BY COHEN, WEINE, INGLE, ANDREASON
CELLS INVOLVED IN RESORPTION
ETIOLOGY AND PREDISPOSING FACTORS
MECHANISM OF TOOTH RESORPTION
FACTORS REGULATING TOOTH RESORPTION
TYPES: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL
EXTERNAL RESORPTION: SURFACE, REPLACEMENT AND INFALAMMATORY RESORPTION.
EXTERNAL CERVICAL RESORPTION
EXTERNAL APICAL ROOT RESORPTION
INTERNAL RESORPTION
IDIOPATHIC ROOT RESORPTION
TRANSIENT APICAL BRAKEDOWN
ETIOLOGY, HISTOLOGICAL APPERANCE, RADIOGRAPHIC FEACTURES, CLINICAL FEATURES, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMNT OF ALL TYPES OF RESORPTION
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vertical root fracture and it's management .....ms khatib
it's always difficult to understand any vrf and it's more difficult to handle it's managment
heres are some tips and advice about it how to manage it referred by various article
i hope u appreciate it
Root resorption is a condition characterized by a partial loss of root cementum and dentin.
Root resorption of the deciduous dentition is a physiological process and it is a necessary precursor to the eruption of permanent teeth.
Permanent teeth root resorption is a pathological inflammatory process and it can be affected by several factors
Apical root resorption can be also related to an orthodontic treatment and it can be present during the treatment or at the end of it.
This root resorption is called orthodontically- induced inflammatory root resorption (OIRR) and it is considered a distinct pathologic process.
Patient-related and treatment-related factors are involved in the onset and progression of this root resorption.1. Cemental or surface resorption with remodeling. In this process, only the outer cemental layers are resorbed, and they are later fully regenerated or remodeled. This process resembles trabecular bone remodeling.
2. Dentinal resorption with repair (deep resorption). In this process, the cementum and the outer layers of the dentin are resorbed and usually repaired with cementum material. The final shape of the root after this resorption and formation process may or may not be identical to the original form.
. Circumferential apical root resorption. In this process, full resorption of the hard tissue components of the root apex occurs, and root shortening is evident.
Orthodontic forces applied to the biologic system act similarly on bone and cementum, which are separated by the periodontal membrane. If there are no differences in the biologic behavior of these two organs, both would resorb equally.
Since cementum is more resistant to resorption compared with the more vulnerable bone, applied forces usually cause bone resorption, which leads to tooth movement. However, resorption of the cementum and dentin may also occur
Several theories explaining the resistance of the dental tissues, especially cemental resistance to resorption, exist.
It is documented that the uncalcified mineral tissues, osteoid, precementum, and predentin are resistant to resorption and may initially prevent loss of root tissue.
These layers might contain noncollagenic materials, eg, the cells themselves, that possess potent anticollagenase propertiesAfter extensive research in this field, mainly with tooth replantation models, Andreasen, relates surface resistance to the innermost cellular layer of the periodontal ligament.
This layer supplies the protective mechanism to the root, as well as the potential for a repair.
The cementoblasts, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, endothelial, and perivascular cells are included in this layer
However, continuous pressure will eventually lead to resorption of these areas
Root resorption occurs when pressure on the cementum exceeds its reparative capacity and dentin is exposed, allowing multinucleated odontoclasts to degrade the root substance.
Acc to Rudolph ,Resorption typically attacks the root tip and
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Root resorption1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Tooth resorption is the progressive loss of dentine and cementum by the action of osteoclasts. This is a physiological process in the exfoliation of the primary dentition, caused by osteoclast differentiation due to pressure exerted by the erupting permanent tooth
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
3.
Root resorption is a physiologic or pathologic
process occuring as a result of changes seen in
the tooth or surrounding periradicular tissues
characterized by loss of tooth structure over
the root surface.
External apical root resorption ( EARR ) of
permanent teeth is uncommon but a frequent
sequelae to orthodontic tooth movement.
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4. CLASSIFICATION
OF ROOT
RESORPTION
•ACCORDING TO TYPE
Physiologic root resorption occurring on
deciduous teeth during eruption of permanent teeth
Pathologic root resorption occurring on
permanent roots
•ACCORDING TO LOCATION
Internal root resorption
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External root resorption
5. •ACCORDING TO SEVERITY
Surface resorption occurs commonly periapically as
microdefects on the root surface and stops when the
instigating agent is removed and there is repair of cementum.
Inflammatory resorption Occurs when root resorption
progresses into the dentinal tubules to reach the pulpal tissue.
Replacement resorption Produces ankylosis of a
tooth because bone replaces the resorbed bone substance.
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6. CLASSIFICATION OF
ORTHODONTICALLY INDUCED ROOT
RESORPTION
According Brezniak and Wasserstein (AJO-DO 1993)
Cemental or surface resorption with
remodeling
Dentinal resorption with repair (deep
resorption)
Circumferential apical root resorption.
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7. Cemental or surface resorption with remodeling: In
this process, only the outer cemental layers are resorbed,
and they are later fully regenerated or remodeled. This
process resembles trabecular bone remodeling.
Dentinal resorption with repair (deep resorption) In
this process, the cementum and the outer layers of the
dentin are resorbed and usually repaired with cementum
material. The final shape of the root after this resorption
and formation process may or may not be identical to the
original form.
Circumferential apical root resorption. In this process,
full resorption of the hard tissue components of the root apex
occurs, and root shortening is evident. Different degrees of apical
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root shortening are, of course, possible.
8. ETIOLOGY
Root resorption may occur as a result of :
•Dental trauma / surgical procedures /
Infections
•Orthodontic treatment
•Pressure from tumors / cysts
•Irritation from chemicals ( Eg. H2O2
during
bleaching)
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9. ROOT RESORPTION DUE TO PULPAL
INFECTION:
Injury to the precementum or predentin, infected
dentinal tubules may stimulate the inflammatory
process with osteoclastic activity in the
periradicular tissues or in pulpal tissues,
consequently initiating external or internal root
resorption.
ROOT RESORPTION DUE TO
PERIODONTAL INFECTION :
Infrequently, external root resorption may
occur after injury to the pre-cementum, apical
to the epithelial attachment, followed by
bacterial stimulation originating from the
periodontal sulcus.
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10. ROOT RESORPTION DUE TO
IMPACTED TOOTH , TUMOR
PRESSURE :
Pressure root resorption can be observed during
the eruption of the permanent dentition,
especially of maxillary canines ( affecting
lateral incisors ) and mandibular third molar
( affecting madiubular second molars ).
Tumors and osteosclerosis impingning on the
root of the tooth could also be an etiological
factor for pressure resorption
ANKYLOTIC ROOT RESORPTION
In severe traumatic injuries ( intrusive
luxation or avulsion with extended dry
time ), injury to the root surface may be so
large that the healing with cementum is
not possible, and one may come into
contact with the root surface without an
intermediate attachment apparatus. This
phenomena is termed dentoalveolar
ankylosis.
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11. ROOT RESORPTION DUE TO ORTHODONTIC PRESSURE
The injury originating in the orthodontic root resorption is from the pressure
applied to the roots during tooth movement. Continuous pressure stimulates
the resorbing cells in the apical third of the roots, a possibility of significant
shortening of the root.
Teeth are asymptomatic and the pulp is usually vital unless the pressure of the
operative procedure is high, which disturbs the apical blood supply.
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12. GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO
EXTERNAL APICAL ROOT
RESORPTION IN ORTHODONTIC
PATIENTS
J Dent Res 82(5): 356-360, 2003
The linkage results for D18S64, which lies close to
the candidate gene TNFRSF11A, provide suggestive
evidence that this locus, or a closely linked one,
contributes to the genetic component of root
resorption and the strength of this linkage, make
TNFRSF11A a candidate gene for further study
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13. BIOLOGY OF ROOT RESORPTION
Orthodontic force
Compression of
PDL
Removal of
hyaline material
Removal of
superficial
surface of
cementum
Root
resorption
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Hyalinization
& inflammation
Activation of
osteoclasts
14. THE REPAIR PROCESS
Morphologically, the repair process of the resorbed
lacunae is described as beginning from the periphery,
the bottom, or all directions.
It begins about two weeks after force removal, with
the placement of acellular cementum succeeded by
cellular cementum. This process is evident in 38%
and 82% of human premolar lacunae after two and
five weeks, respectively.
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15. QUANTIFICATION OF
ROOT RESORPTION :
Broadly, two methods have been used to quantify
resorption :
ORDINAL SCALE DATA :
Visually assessed grades of resorption assigned
RATIO SCALE DATA:
Measurements with calipers or some computer aided
device
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16. THE ORDINAL SCALE USED TO MEASURE ROOT
RESORPTION
BY LEVANDER E. & MALMGREN
GRADE 2
GRADEI0
GRADE 3
GRADE 4 of of
ooOne-fourth
Evidence
Scalloping
Normal
erosion
and blunting
Intact root
the of atleast
oLoss root
periapically
of apex
morphology
resorbed
one-half the
oApical length
originallength
Root outline
probably and
is smoothnot
yet affected
continuous
oDistance
between the
root and
lamina dura is
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uniform
17. CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED
WITH ROOT RESORPTION
Janson et al reported a higher resorption potential for
class II div 2 cases in comparison with class I , class II div
I and class III patients.
Among
all the extraction patterns, extraction of all the
first premolars showed the greatest resorption potential.
McNab
et al has reported a higher incidence of
resorption, as well as amount of root resorption in patients
treated with the Begg appliance as compared to the
Edgewise technique.
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18. TYPE OF TOOTH MOVEMENT
Intrusion and torque movements are found to be
most commonly associated with the resorption
process.
TYPE OF FORCE
Interrupted forces were shown according to
studies to cause less severe apical blunting and
smaller resorption- affected areas.
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19. ROOT SHAPE AND LENGTH
Among differently shaped root ends, the least
resorption was observed in blunted root ends and
the greatest was seen in pointed or tapered root
ends.
Longer roots are more prone than shorter ones to
resorption, due to the greater displacement
required to produce an equal amount of torque,
versus shorter roots.
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20. EFFECT OF DRUGS
•Drugs such as corticosteroids and alcohol have been
identified as predisposing factors.
• An increased risk for root resorption among asthamatic
patients was also recently reported by Mc Nab et al
•The changes they observed were attributed to changes in
the immune system of patients
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21. MANAGEMENT
A review of literature supports a temporary halt in
orthodontic treatment for a period of 4 – 6 months.
The resorptive process ceases and the reparative
process starts within this period.
Drugs
such as bisphosphonates, NSAIDs, various
hormones and cytokines including prostaglandin E2
and L-thyroxine etc have been tried and tested to
little clinical success.
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22. CONCLUSION
External apical root resorption is an
iatrogenic consequence of
orthodontic treatment. Keeping this
in mind, we as orthodontists should
take all known measures to reduce its
occurrence
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