The document discusses root resorption, summarizing Andreasen's three types: surface resorption, inflammatory resorption, and replacement resorption. Surface resorption is self-limiting and commonly seen after orthodontic treatment. Inflammatory resorption occurs when resorption reaches infected pulpal or leukocyte tissue. Replacement resorption involves bone replacing resorbed tooth material leading to ankylosis. The document also outlines numerous biological and mechanical factors that can influence root resorption, such as hormones, tooth structure, force duration, and appliance type. Clinical considerations for managing root resorption include informing patients, periodic radiographs, early treatment timing, and weighing resor
Root Resorption /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of root resorption, including definitions, classifications, mechanisms, and types. It discusses physiological versus pathological root resorption and defines internal and external resorption. Key cells involved in the resorption process are osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Resorption requires inflammatory stimuli and occurs via acidification and enzymatic degradation. Factors like trauma, pressure, and infection can lead to resorption if they damage the protective root layers. The document classifies and describes various types of internal and external resorption.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses root resorption, including its history, types, causes, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment. It describes internal resorption in detail, noting that it begins with a breach in the dentin layer that allows resorption to spread towards the cementum. Internal resorption can be inflammatory or replacement, and treatment involves root canal therapy to remove pulpal tissue and arrest resorption, as well as disinfecting and sealing the root canal system. For large defects, biocompatible materials like MTA or Biodentine may be used to fill the area.
This document discusses the different types of root resorption, including external root resorption. External root resorption is classified into external surface resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external replacement resorption, and external cervical resorption. External surface resorption is a self-limiting resorption caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment. External inflammatory resorption is often seen radiographically as an extensive lesion caused by necrotic pulp. External replacement resorption replaces the root surface with bone in a process called ankylosis. External cervical resorption is a localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area that may progress in an apical or coronal direction.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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multiple idiopathic external and internal resorption- Dr Sanjana RavindraDr. Sanjana Ravindra
This case report describes a 36-year-old male with multiple idiopathic external and internal root resorptions in the maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth found incidentally on radiographs. The patient reported slight discomfort while chewing with his left mandibular second molar. Laboratory tests and clinical examinations found no cause for the resorptions. Cone beam computed tomography further evaluated the resorptive lesions and found they affected several teeth with no identifiable etiology. This is a rare presentation of idiopathic root resorption in multiple teeth.
Root Resorption /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of root resorption, including definitions, classifications, mechanisms, and types. It discusses physiological versus pathological root resorption and defines internal and external resorption. Key cells involved in the resorption process are osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Resorption requires inflammatory stimuli and occurs via acidification and enzymatic degradation. Factors like trauma, pressure, and infection can lead to resorption if they damage the protective root layers. The document classifies and describes various types of internal and external resorption.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses root resorption, including its history, types, causes, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment. It describes internal resorption in detail, noting that it begins with a breach in the dentin layer that allows resorption to spread towards the cementum. Internal resorption can be inflammatory or replacement, and treatment involves root canal therapy to remove pulpal tissue and arrest resorption, as well as disinfecting and sealing the root canal system. For large defects, biocompatible materials like MTA or Biodentine may be used to fill the area.
This document discusses the different types of root resorption, including external root resorption. External root resorption is classified into external surface resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external replacement resorption, and external cervical resorption. External surface resorption is a self-limiting resorption caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment. External inflammatory resorption is often seen radiographically as an extensive lesion caused by necrotic pulp. External replacement resorption replaces the root surface with bone in a process called ankylosis. External cervical resorption is a localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area that may progress in an apical or coronal direction.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
multiple idiopathic external and internal resorption- Dr Sanjana RavindraDr. Sanjana Ravindra
This case report describes a 36-year-old male with multiple idiopathic external and internal root resorptions in the maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth found incidentally on radiographs. The patient reported slight discomfort while chewing with his left mandibular second molar. Laboratory tests and clinical examinations found no cause for the resorptions. Cone beam computed tomography further evaluated the resorptive lesions and found they affected several teeth with no identifiable etiology. This is a rare presentation of idiopathic root resorption in multiple teeth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root resorption is the loss of dentin, cementum, and bone from a tooth and can be initiated internally within the pulp space or externally on the surface of the tooth. It is usually irreversible except for minor transient resorption. Treatment can arrest or slow the process but may ultimately require tooth extraction if not addressed. Root resorption occurs through two phases - injury to the non-mineralized tooth tissues followed by stimulation of resorption. There are different types classified by location and cause to aid in diagnosis and treatment.
Tooth resorption can occur internally or externally and is classified based on location and etiology. Internal resorption is caused by damage to the pulp and occurs from within the tooth, appearing radiographically as a smooth, rounded radiolucency within the root canal. External resorption involves loss of cementum and dentin from outside the tooth, and appears as ragged radiolucencies on the root surface, often with accompanying bone loss. Management depends on severity and location of resorption and may include root canal therapy, surgery, or extraction.
The document discusses various classifications of tooth resorption. It describes resorption as a multifactorial process involving the loss of tooth structure due to different causes. Several classifications are presented based on anatomical location, etiology, histopathology and other factors. The key mechanisms of resorption including the cells involved, prerequisites for resorption, and the bi-modal process of dissolving inorganic crystal structures and degrading organic collagen are summarized.
Root resorption in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Dental hard tissues are resorbed by multinucleate cells called odontoclasts or dentinoclasts. They are classified as physiological or pathological, with pathological further divided into external root resorption due to trauma, pulp/apical pathology, or pressure and internal root resorption. A new clinical classification is based on injury to protective tissues by chemical or mechanical means and stimulation by infection or pressure. Odontoclasts/dentinoclasts resorb dental tissues through a process that begins with injury exposing mineralized tissue, followed by colonization and resorption stimulated continuously by pressure or infection.
This document summarizes a dental case conference regarding a 31-year-old female patient presenting with multiple invasive cervical resorptions. Examination found lesions on several teeth. The differential diagnosis included dental caries and root resorption. Further radiographic examination and consultation with a radiologist supported a diagnosis of multiple invasive cervical resorption. This type of resorption is rare in humans but similar to a condition seen in cats caused by feline viruses. The patient confirmed contact with cats, one of which had recent dental issues, supporting possible transmission of a virus. Treatment options for this condition were discussed.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
1. Dental resorption is the loss of dental hard tissues due to osteoclast activity and can be physiological or pathological. It includes internal root resorption within the root canal and external resorption on the root surface.
2. Internal root resorption presents with non-specific symptoms but radiographs show a smooth radiolucency within the root canal space. External resorption like external inflammatory resorption after dental trauma leads to bone loss visible on radiographs.
3. Management depends on the type and severity of resorption but involves root canal treatment, surgery, and restoration with materials like mineral trioxide aggregate or gutta-percha to repair defects.
The document discusses root resorption, including causes, types, and management strategies. It notes that avulsions and luxation injuries are common causes of dental trauma leading to root resorption. There are various types of root resorption including internal resorption, external resorption, replacement resorption, and invasive/cervical resorption. Key cells involved in the resorption process are monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Current strategies for managing root resorption include calcium hydroxide, enamel matrix derivatives, topical alendronate, and calcitonin. Prevention is emphasized as better than cure, including identifying and eliminating underlying causes and promoting
Tooth resorption is a process by which all parts of a Tooth Structure is lost due to activation of body’s innate capacity to remove mineralized tissue as mediated via cells such as Osteoclast.
Root resorption /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Pulpal Reactions to Dental Caries and Dental ProceudresSajjad Hussain
This document discusses pulpal reactions to various dental procedures and restorative materials. It covers reactions to caries, such as dentin sclerosis, tertiary dentin formation, and inflammatory responses. It also discusses reactions to local anesthetics, restorative procedures like cavity preparation and proximity to the pulp, and restorative materials like resin monomers, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate. The document provides details on the protective and defensive mechanisms of the pulp as well as factors that influence pulpal irritation and viability.
MULTIPLE IDIOPATHIC EXTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION /endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses various iatrogenic factors in dentistry that can affect the periodontium. Careless procedures, improper use of instruments and chemicals, and negligent treatment planning by dentists can cause traumatic injuries to supporting periodontal tissues. Violations of the biological width, poor restoration margins, overhangs, and improper contouring of restorations can lead to plaque retention and inflammation, resulting in gingivitis, periodontal pocket formation, attachment loss, and bone loss. To prevent iatrogenic periodontal disease, dentists must have thorough knowledge and expertise to avoid harming the patient during treatment.
The document discusses 4 main causes of hard tooth tissue reduction: attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external agents like toothbrushing, erosion from acidic foods/drinks, and abfraction from occlusal stresses that cause flexing and cracks in tooth structure away from the contact point. Each cause is defined and the clinical presentations are described, including locations commonly affected and distinguishing features like sharp edges for abrasions or wedge-shaped defects for abfraction. References are provided.
Effect of cavity preparation on dental pulpJoshua Idowu
Cavity preparation can lead to pulp irritation through several effects on the pulp tissue. The pulp may exhibit structural changes like displacement of odontoblastic nuclei or transection of processes. Vascular changes include reduced blood flow and hemorrhaging. Inflammatory changes can also occur in the absence of bacteria, and may result in pulpal necrosis or formation of reparative dentine. The speed, heat, pressure, and coolant used during cavity preparation can all potentially irritate the pulp. Understanding these pulp reactions to cavity preparation allows dentists to select appropriate restorative techniques.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root resorption /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses root resorption, which is the loss of tooth structure over the root surface due to physiologic or pathologic processes. It begins by classifying root resorption by type, location, and severity. It then focuses on orthodontically induced root resorption, discussing the biology and risk factors involved like tooth movement type, force type, root shape, and patient characteristics. The document concludes that while root resorption is an iatrogenic risk of orthodontic treatment, orthodontists should take measures to reduce its occurrence.
This document discusses various sequelae that can be caused by wearing complete dentures, including direct sequelae like denture stomatitis and residual ridge reduction, as well as indirect sequelae like burning mouth syndrome and reduction of masticatory muscles. It describes the clinical features and risk factors for different conditions and provides treatment recommendations, such as improving denture hygiene and fit to manage denture stomatitis. The document also discusses syndromes that can arise from the opposing relationship between a maxillary complete denture and natural mandibular teeth, like combination syndrome.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root resorption is the loss of dentin, cementum, and bone from a tooth and can be initiated internally within the pulp space or externally on the surface of the tooth. It is usually irreversible except for minor transient resorption. Treatment can arrest or slow the process but may ultimately require tooth extraction if not addressed. Root resorption occurs through two phases - injury to the non-mineralized tooth tissues followed by stimulation of resorption. There are different types classified by location and cause to aid in diagnosis and treatment.
Tooth resorption can occur internally or externally and is classified based on location and etiology. Internal resorption is caused by damage to the pulp and occurs from within the tooth, appearing radiographically as a smooth, rounded radiolucency within the root canal. External resorption involves loss of cementum and dentin from outside the tooth, and appears as ragged radiolucencies on the root surface, often with accompanying bone loss. Management depends on severity and location of resorption and may include root canal therapy, surgery, or extraction.
The document discusses various classifications of tooth resorption. It describes resorption as a multifactorial process involving the loss of tooth structure due to different causes. Several classifications are presented based on anatomical location, etiology, histopathology and other factors. The key mechanisms of resorption including the cells involved, prerequisites for resorption, and the bi-modal process of dissolving inorganic crystal structures and degrading organic collagen are summarized.
Root resorption in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Dental hard tissues are resorbed by multinucleate cells called odontoclasts or dentinoclasts. They are classified as physiological or pathological, with pathological further divided into external root resorption due to trauma, pulp/apical pathology, or pressure and internal root resorption. A new clinical classification is based on injury to protective tissues by chemical or mechanical means and stimulation by infection or pressure. Odontoclasts/dentinoclasts resorb dental tissues through a process that begins with injury exposing mineralized tissue, followed by colonization and resorption stimulated continuously by pressure or infection.
This document summarizes a dental case conference regarding a 31-year-old female patient presenting with multiple invasive cervical resorptions. Examination found lesions on several teeth. The differential diagnosis included dental caries and root resorption. Further radiographic examination and consultation with a radiologist supported a diagnosis of multiple invasive cervical resorption. This type of resorption is rare in humans but similar to a condition seen in cats caused by feline viruses. The patient confirmed contact with cats, one of which had recent dental issues, supporting possible transmission of a virus. Treatment options for this condition were discussed.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
1. Dental resorption is the loss of dental hard tissues due to osteoclast activity and can be physiological or pathological. It includes internal root resorption within the root canal and external resorption on the root surface.
2. Internal root resorption presents with non-specific symptoms but radiographs show a smooth radiolucency within the root canal space. External resorption like external inflammatory resorption after dental trauma leads to bone loss visible on radiographs.
3. Management depends on the type and severity of resorption but involves root canal treatment, surgery, and restoration with materials like mineral trioxide aggregate or gutta-percha to repair defects.
The document discusses root resorption, including causes, types, and management strategies. It notes that avulsions and luxation injuries are common causes of dental trauma leading to root resorption. There are various types of root resorption including internal resorption, external resorption, replacement resorption, and invasive/cervical resorption. Key cells involved in the resorption process are monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Current strategies for managing root resorption include calcium hydroxide, enamel matrix derivatives, topical alendronate, and calcitonin. Prevention is emphasized as better than cure, including identifying and eliminating underlying causes and promoting
Tooth resorption is a process by which all parts of a Tooth Structure is lost due to activation of body’s innate capacity to remove mineralized tissue as mediated via cells such as Osteoclast.
Root resorption /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Pulpal Reactions to Dental Caries and Dental ProceudresSajjad Hussain
This document discusses pulpal reactions to various dental procedures and restorative materials. It covers reactions to caries, such as dentin sclerosis, tertiary dentin formation, and inflammatory responses. It also discusses reactions to local anesthetics, restorative procedures like cavity preparation and proximity to the pulp, and restorative materials like resin monomers, calcium hydroxide, and mineral trioxide aggregate. The document provides details on the protective and defensive mechanisms of the pulp as well as factors that influence pulpal irritation and viability.
MULTIPLE IDIOPATHIC EXTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION /endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses various iatrogenic factors in dentistry that can affect the periodontium. Careless procedures, improper use of instruments and chemicals, and negligent treatment planning by dentists can cause traumatic injuries to supporting periodontal tissues. Violations of the biological width, poor restoration margins, overhangs, and improper contouring of restorations can lead to plaque retention and inflammation, resulting in gingivitis, periodontal pocket formation, attachment loss, and bone loss. To prevent iatrogenic periodontal disease, dentists must have thorough knowledge and expertise to avoid harming the patient during treatment.
The document discusses 4 main causes of hard tooth tissue reduction: attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external agents like toothbrushing, erosion from acidic foods/drinks, and abfraction from occlusal stresses that cause flexing and cracks in tooth structure away from the contact point. Each cause is defined and the clinical presentations are described, including locations commonly affected and distinguishing features like sharp edges for abrasions or wedge-shaped defects for abfraction. References are provided.
Effect of cavity preparation on dental pulpJoshua Idowu
Cavity preparation can lead to pulp irritation through several effects on the pulp tissue. The pulp may exhibit structural changes like displacement of odontoblastic nuclei or transection of processes. Vascular changes include reduced blood flow and hemorrhaging. Inflammatory changes can also occur in the absence of bacteria, and may result in pulpal necrosis or formation of reparative dentine. The speed, heat, pressure, and coolant used during cavity preparation can all potentially irritate the pulp. Understanding these pulp reactions to cavity preparation allows dentists to select appropriate restorative techniques.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Root resorption /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
This document discusses root resorption, which is the loss of tooth structure over the root surface due to physiologic or pathologic processes. It begins by classifying root resorption by type, location, and severity. It then focuses on orthodontically induced root resorption, discussing the biology and risk factors involved like tooth movement type, force type, root shape, and patient characteristics. The document concludes that while root resorption is an iatrogenic risk of orthodontic treatment, orthodontists should take measures to reduce its occurrence.
This document discusses various sequelae that can be caused by wearing complete dentures, including direct sequelae like denture stomatitis and residual ridge reduction, as well as indirect sequelae like burning mouth syndrome and reduction of masticatory muscles. It describes the clinical features and risk factors for different conditions and provides treatment recommendations, such as improving denture hygiene and fit to manage denture stomatitis. The document also discusses syndromes that can arise from the opposing relationship between a maxillary complete denture and natural mandibular teeth, like combination syndrome.
Root resorption is a condition characterized by a partial loss of root cementum and dentin.
Root resorption of the deciduous dentition is a physiological process and it is a necessary precursor to the eruption of permanent teeth.
Permanent teeth root resorption is a pathological inflammatory process and it can be affected by several factors
Apical root resorption can be also related to an orthodontic treatment and it can be present during the treatment or at the end of it.
This root resorption is called orthodontically- induced inflammatory root resorption (OIRR) and it is considered a distinct pathologic process.
Patient-related and treatment-related factors are involved in the onset and progression of this root resorption.1. Cemental or surface resorption with remodeling. In this process, only the outer cemental layers are resorbed, and they are later fully regenerated or remodeled. This process resembles trabecular bone remodeling.
2. Dentinal resorption with repair (deep resorption). In this process, the cementum and the outer layers of the dentin are resorbed and usually repaired with cementum material. The final shape of the root after this resorption and formation process may or may not be identical to the original form.
. Circumferential apical root resorption. In this process, full resorption of the hard tissue components of the root apex occurs, and root shortening is evident.
Orthodontic forces applied to the biologic system act similarly on bone and cementum, which are separated by the periodontal membrane. If there are no differences in the biologic behavior of these two organs, both would resorb equally.
Since cementum is more resistant to resorption compared with the more vulnerable bone, applied forces usually cause bone resorption, which leads to tooth movement. However, resorption of the cementum and dentin may also occur
Several theories explaining the resistance of the dental tissues, especially cemental resistance to resorption, exist.
It is documented that the uncalcified mineral tissues, osteoid, precementum, and predentin are resistant to resorption and may initially prevent loss of root tissue.
These layers might contain noncollagenic materials, eg, the cells themselves, that possess potent anticollagenase propertiesAfter extensive research in this field, mainly with tooth replantation models, Andreasen, relates surface resistance to the innermost cellular layer of the periodontal ligament.
This layer supplies the protective mechanism to the root, as well as the potential for a repair.
The cementoblasts, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, endothelial, and perivascular cells are included in this layer
However, continuous pressure will eventually lead to resorption of these areas
Root resorption occurs when pressure on the cementum exceeds its reparative capacity and dentin is exposed, allowing multinucleated odontoclasts to degrade the root substance.
Acc to Rudolph ,Resorption typically attacks the root tip and
Fenestration
Dehiscence: lack of cortical bone at the level of dental root, at least 4mm apical to the margin of interproximal bone, the measurement was per found by graduated probe.
Or: lowering the crestal bone margin to expose root surface.
Fenestration: localized defect in the alveolar bone that exposed the root surface usually the apical or the medium third but did not involve the alveolar margin.
Or: is isolated areas in which the root is denuded of bone and the root surface is covered only by periosteum and overlying gingiva.
Fenestration is a term derived from Latin ward fenestra, meaning window, describe area of alveolar process devoid of bone, creating a window exposing the root surface.
Gingival recession: is the apical movement of the marginal soft tissue surrounding the tooth exposing root surface.
According to some studies that irreversible recession can be caused by fixed appliances for 1.3% to 10.0% of treated cases.
We can use CBCT to measure the labial and lingual thickness of the bone related to roots.
ABT: apical buccal thickness. MBT: middle buccal thickness. CBT: cervical buccal thickness.
ALT: apical lingual thickness. MLT; middle lingual thickness. CLT: cervical lingual thickness.
== naturally occurring alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration are common finding in different type of malocclusion especially in anterior region of class III.
== fenestration and dehiscence may lead to gingival recession and additional bone loss during orthodontic treatment in addition to large amount of labial inclination such as decompensation in class III malocclusion may pose a greater risk of periodontal complication such as:
Alveolar dehiscence, fenestration, gingival recession.
Clinically gingival recession, is always accompanied by alveolar bone dehiscence whether underlying bone dehiscence is developed before or parallel to gingival recession.
N:B- gingival recession; is described as exposure of root surface by an apical shift in the position of gingiva.
Factors affect recession increase:
1- Difficulty of plaque control due to fixed appliances
2- Proclination of teeth.
3- Coronally attached Frenum.
4- Muscle attachment.
5- Abnormal tooth position.
6- Overhanging restoration or crowns.
7- Fenestration and dehiscence.
** Classification of fenestration according to their apicocoronal location in relation to root length to:
1- At the level of the apical third of the dental root 48% all in maxilla.
2- At the level of the middle third of dental root 28% in maxilla and mandible.
3- At the level of the coronal third of the dental root 19% all in mandible.
4- Extending from the apical to the middle third of the dental root 4.3% of them located in maxilla.
** Etiology of dehiscence:
1- Ectopically positioned teeth which are outside of the bony limits of the alveolus are often lacking the normal amount of bone on the overlying facial surface.
2- Roots of the toot
The document discusses the biomechanical implications of an edentulous or toothless state. It considers factors like modifications in areas of support between natural dentition and complete dentures, functional and parafunctional considerations, changes in facial height and the temporomandibular joint, and cosmetic changes and adaptive responses. Specifically, it compares the support mechanisms and forces involved for natural teeth versus complete dentures, noting things like reduced maximum bite forces for denture wearers. It also discusses changes that occur in the residual alveolar bone after tooth extraction and denture use, like progressive bone loss over time.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various types of root resorption including their causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. It describes internal and external root resorption, further dividing external resorption into surface, inflammatory, replacement and invasive types. The key causes are trauma, pressure from impacted teeth or tumors, and systemic conditions. Diagnosis involves history, clinical exams, and radiographs to identify patterns of tooth structure loss. Treatment aims to arrest the resorptive process through root canal therapy or surgery depending on the type and severity.
management of oral soft tissue injuries and luxation.pptxayoy911
This document discusses the management of soft tissue and dental luxation injuries. It begins with an overview of the classification of facial injuries according to the WHO, including soft tissue injuries, facial skeletal injuries, luxation injuries, and tooth fractures. It then discusses the types of soft tissue injuries such as contusions, abrasions, lacerations, and avulsions. For each type, it provides details on clinical findings, management, and follow up. It also covers types of dental luxation including concussion, subluxation, extrusion, intrusion, and lateral luxation. Guidelines are provided on treatment and prognosis according to AAPD 2020 guidelines. Finally, it discusses types of dental splints including composite-attached,
Gingival recession is the displacement of gingival tissue away from the tooth surface, exposing the root surface. It can be caused by periodontal disease, traumatic brushing, occlusal issues, or iatrogenic factors. Treatment depends on the severity and classification of the recession. For mild cases with no sensitivity or aesthetic concerns, improved brushing may suffice. More severe recession involving sensitivity or aesthetics may be treated with surgical root coverage procedures like laterally positioned pedicle grafts or coronally advanced flaps, which can achieve 65-98% root coverage depending on the technique and recession classification. The laterally positioned pedicle graft involves sliding keratinized gingiva from an adjacent tooth to cover the exposed root
Deep caries management /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Root resorption in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses residual ridge resorption after tooth extraction. It covers the etiology, classification, prevention and treatment. Residual ridge resorption is caused by anatomical, metabolic, mechanical and prosthodontic factors and results in reduced alveolar bone size over time. The residual ridge can be classified based on its shape and height. Prevention focuses on maintaining oral health and correcting systemic factors. Treatment involves improving denture fit through specialized impression techniques to maximize support and retention of dentures on resorbed ridges.
BONE CHANGES AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION /orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontic tooth movement is made possible by bone remodeling in response to applied forces. When optimal forces are used, tooth movement occurs in three phases: initial rapid movement, followed by a lag phase where hyalinization occurs, then a post-lag phase of continued movement through bone resorption and deposition on the pressure and tension sides respectively. Several theories explain the biological mechanisms underlying tooth movement, involving changes in blood flow, piezoelectric effects, and modeling and remodeling of alveolar bone by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
This document discusses trauma from occlusion (TFO), which refers to pathologic alterations or adaptive changes in the periodontium resulting from excessive occlusal forces. It covers the historical understanding of TFO, definitions, classifications, clinical features, and the periodontal response and adaptation to excessive forces. It also examines Glickman's concept of co-destruction between TFO and plaque-associated periodontal disease. The document provides details on injury, repair, remodeling processes in the periodontium in response to TFO.
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Root resorption1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. ROOT RESORPTION
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
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1
2. Root resorption. Part 1 - Brezniak and
Wasserstein
-AJO-DO 1993 Jan
Andreasen defines three external root
resorption types:
Surface Resorption
2. Inflammatory Resorption
3. Replacement Resorption
1.
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2
3. 1) Surface resorption
-Self-limiting process, involving small outlining areas
followed by spontaneous repair.
-Stimulation is minimal and for a short period.
-This defect is usually undetected radiographically and
is repaired by a cementum-like tissue.
-Commonly seen after orthodontic treatment is surface
resorption.
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3
4. 2)Inflammatory resorption
Where initial root resorption has reached
dentinal tubules of an infected necrotic pulpal
tissue or an infected leukocyte zone.
Transient inflamatory resorption-common after
Rx
Progressive inflammatory resorption. When
stimulation is for a long period .
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5. 3) Replacement resorption,
Bone replaces the resorbed tooth material
that leads to ankylosis -rarely seen after
orthodontic treatment.
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6. PROFITT- Three external root
resorption types:
1) Moderate Generalized-long Rx duration
2) Severe Generalized –
-evidence of resorption before Rx
-thyroid harmone
-etiology???
3) Severe Localized-may be caused due to ortho Rx-cortical plates
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7. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
Cementum is more resistant to resorption compared
with bone. However, resorption of the cementum and
dentin may also occur.
Breach in the formative cell layer covering the tissue,
or when the precementum is mechanically damaged
Denuded root areas attract hard tissue resorbing
cells .
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8. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
The cementoclast- demineralization of the calcified
tissue and degradation of the organic matrix after
demineralization
Resorbing activity-characterized by synthesizing
prostaglandin E with concomitant increase in cAMP.
This process is regulated by hormones (parathyroid,
and calcitonin).
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9. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
Relates surface resistance to the innermost cellular
layer of the periodontal ligament. This layer supplies
the protective mechanism to the root, as well as the
potential for a repair.
The cementoblasts, fibroblasts, osteoblasts,
endothelial, and perivascular cells are included in this
layer.
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10. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
Lately it was demonstrated that root resorption
occurs even in teeth where deposition of mineralized
material was prevented.
The cementum may be resorbed directly or
indirectly. Indirect resorption is seen as undermining
resorption— from Howship lacunae of the dentin.
Resorbed lacunae -mainly on the pressure side.
After it can take between 10 and 35 days for
resorbed lacunae to www.indiandentalacademy.com
appear on application of force.
10
11. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
According to Schwartz when pressure decreases
below the optimal force (20 to 26 g/cm2) root
resorption ceases. Reitan and Rygh are in agreement
that cementoid fills those resorbed lacunae.
Repair of resorbed lacunae is seen after 35 to 70
days of force application.
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11
12. Root resorption during orthodontic
therapy(Edward F. Harris- Seminars in orthodontics:2000)
Albert ketcham- 1st to notice
Orthodontically induced resorption occurs adjacent to
the hyalinized zone and occurs during and after the
elimination of the hyaline tissues.
Removal of hyalinized tissue leaves raw surface
exposed to the dentinoclasts.
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13. Prevalence
Rudolph noted the resorption typically attacks the
root tip and travels coronally leading to the “shed
roof” effect.
Incisors-move the most / single-root spindly cone
shape. Single rooted.
Acellular/ cellular cementum:more at the apex where
there is cellular cementum.
Teeth with thick cementum – less.
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14. Measurement Method
EARR-defined operationally as the degree a root has
shortened from its original length by clastic activity.
Methods used to quantify resorption-visually assesed –calipers
-light /electron microscopy
-capture image with scanner or import image from
digital x ray machine and make measurement on a
software.
IOPAs using long cone technique.
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16.
Dermaut and De Munck.
CrownA x RootB/RootA x CrownB = RootB/RootA
A and B are two examinations, such as pre treatment
and post treatment.
Similar ratios – Linge n Linge, Nanda and
Costapoulos.
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17. Root resorption after treatment Part 2 - Brezniak and
Wasserstein
-AJO-DO 1993 Feb (138-146):
FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
1.
2.
3.
Biologic factors
Metabolic signals that generate changes in the
relationship between osteoblastic and osteoclastic
activity include
Hormones
Body type
Metabolic rate.
Genetics no definite genetic conclusion was found
possible.( Heritability estimate of 70% - Edwards
article- Clinical significance-search for biochemical
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markers ).
17
18. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Systemic factors. endocrine problems including
hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism, hyperpituitarism
-hormonal imbalance does not cause but influences
the phenomenon.
secondary hyperparathyroidism is not primarily
responsible for increased root resorption-recent
study.
Study - parathyroid hormone plays a major role in
bone metabolism, but that low calcium levels are
necessary for root www.indiandentalacademy.com
resorption to occur.
18
19. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Calcium ions are reputed to play an important
role in mediating the effects of external stimuli
(force, hormones) on their target cells.
Nutrition.Becks demonstrated root resorption in
animals deprived of dietary calcium and vitamin D. It
was later suggested -not a major factor
-Controversial results.
Chronologic age. All tissues involved in the root
resorption process show changes with age.
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20. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
The periodontal membrane becomes less vascular,
aplastic, and narrow, the bone more dense,
avascular, and aplastic, and the cementum wider.
(woods et al and bishara carried out independent
studies to find out the relation bw age and root
resorption and found none-Edwards Article).
Gender. Treated and untreated random samples
showed no correlation between gender and root
resorption
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21. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Ortho treatment - Study reports that the incidence of
root resorption increased from 4% before orthodontic
treatment to 77% after treatment.
Habits. Nail-biting, tongue thrust associated with
open bite, and increased tongue pressure (finger
sucking-Edwards article).
Tooth structure. Deviating root form is more
susceptible to postorthodontic root resorption.
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22. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Convergent apical root canal is considered to
be an indicative of high root resorption
potential.
Root resorption in teeth with blunt- or pipetteshaped roots was significantly higher than in
teeth with normal root form - most susceptible
root form to root resorption.
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24. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Previously traumatized teeth. Traumatized
teeth can exhibit external root resorption
without orthodontic treatment.
Orthodontically moved traumatized teeth with
previous root resorption are more sensitive to
further loss of root material.
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25. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Trauma patients after orthodontic therapy was 1.07
mm compared with 0.64 mm for untraumatized teeth.
Endodontically treated teeth.
A higher frequency and severity of root resorption of
endodontically treated teeth during orthodontic
treatment was reported –
???? endodontically treated teeth are more resistant
to root resorption because of an increased dentin
hardness and density.
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26. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
More
dense the alveolar bone, the
more root resorption occurred during
orthodontic treatment.
Maxillary
teeth are more sensitive than
mandibular teeth -maxillary incisors
probably due to the distance.
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27. FACTORS AFFECTING RESORPTION
Root structure and relationship to bone and
periodontal membrane tend to transfer the forces
mainly to the apex .
The most frequently affected teeth, according to
severity, are the maxillary laterals, maxillary centrals,
mandibular incisors, distal root of mandibular first
molars, mandibular second premolars, and maxillary
second premolars.
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28. Mechanical factors
Appliances.
1)Fixed versus removable:fixed appliances is more
detrimental to the roots .
Ketcham claimed that normal function is disturbed by
the splinting effect of orthodontic fixed appliances over a
long period that can cause root resorption.
Stuteville, on the other hand, suggested that the jiggling
forces caused by removable appliances are more
harmful to the roots.
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29. Mechanical factors
2)Begg versus edgewise: It is often stated that the
light wire Begg technique causes less root resorption
than edgewise, although maxillary incisor root
resorption during the Begg third stage has been
documented.
3) Magnets: It is suggested that the increase in force
as space closes with time (attraction) can stimulate a
more physiologic tissue response, and thus decrease
the potential for root resorption.
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30. Mechanical factors
4)Intermaxillary elastics: Linge and Linge found
significantly more root resorption on the side where
elastics were used
5) Extraction versus nonextraction: McFadden and
Vonder found no difference
6) Other appliances:Rapid maxillary expansion, with
cervical traction, has been reported to cause severe
root resorption of the first maxillary molars.
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31. Mechanical factors
Orthodontic movement type.. Intrusion is probably the
most detrimental to the roots involved. Bodily movement
should be less than that of tipping.
Orthodontic force-higher stress causes more root
resorption The extent of tooth movement
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32. Combined biologic and mechanical factors
Treatment duration. Most studies report that the
severity of root resorption is directly related to
treatment duration.
Relapse. Teeth are prone to additional root loss
during relapse as a result of light muscles forces
Occlusal force -Heavy mastication, occlusal trauma.
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33. Other considerations
Loss of crestal bone and tooth stability.
3 mm of root resorption is approximately
equivalent to 1 mm of crestal bone loss.
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34. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
1. Informed that apical root shortening (root resorption)
may be a consequence of orthodontic treatment.
2. Periapical radiographs:
(a.) Periapical radiographs -important orthodontic
records as any pretreatment record, and are particularly
useful to compare pretreatment and post treatment.
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35. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
(b.) Impossible to predict the onset of root
resorption, periodic control radiographs are
indicated. Once every year after appliance
placement (6 months-Edwards article).
(c.) Post treatment radiographs essential assess the bone/root integrity after treatment.
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36. Clinical considerations related to root
resorption
3. Orthodontic treatment timing.
Early as possible since there is less root
resorption in developing roots and young patients
show better muscular adaptation to occlusal
changes.
4.Resorption is detected during treatment – goals
must be reassessed.
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37. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
A decision should be made –
1) Terminate the treatment
2) Arrive at a treatment compromise.
3) When necessary, applied forces should be
stopped and/or a bite plane used to disocclude the
teeth.
6. Habits such as nail biting or tongue thrust
should be stopped.
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38. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
7. All types of tooth movement can cause root
resorption. It seems that intrusion is the most
detrimental.
8. Occlusal traumatism and jiggling are detrimental
-finish treatment with a correct occlusion.
9. It is essential to recognize anatomic and
physiologic limitations. Surgical intervention may be
required.. –
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39. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
10. Teeth with resorbed roots - abutments to bridges
only when their root length exceeds the clinical crown
length
11. Orthopedic effect in the early treatment phase
has less destructive potential on the roots compared
with the dentoalveolar effect at a later treatment
phase
12. Root resorption - weighed against appliance
efficiency and individual treatment objectives.
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40. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
13. Treatment time - short as possible
14. Traumatized teeth - treated cautiously.
15. Medical examination and familial tendency records
- especially in cases of severe resorption.
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41. Clinical considerations related to
root resorption
16. Root resorption continues after appliance removal
or during retention, sequential root canal therapy
-calcium hydroxide. G-p filling -only after root
resorption ceases
17. Full-mouth radiographs when receiving a transfer
case.
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42. Thank you
For more details please visit
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42