Discusses the role of plants and their effect on micro-climate and also how it can help in architecture to create a natural support system.

1. ROLE OF VEGETATION IN
LANDSCAPE AND ITS
APPLICATION
SUBMITTED BY:-
ABHISHEK MATHUR (1104)
ANIL KUMAR MEENA (1046)
RISHABH VERMA (1174)
SHUBHAM SONI (1176) SOURCE:- DENZEEN

2. INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF PLANTS
 EFFECT ON MICRO CLIMATE
 DESIGNING CONEPT FOR OUTDOOR LANDSCAPE
 APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS
 DESIGNING CONCEPT FOR INDOOR LANDSCAPE
 PLANTING OF VEGETATION
 SAFETY MEASURES
 CASE STUDY
 SOURCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION:- A living organism of the kind exemplified by trees,
shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a
permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic substances through
its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis
using the green pigment chlorophyll.

4. Different types of plants
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Climbers
• Herbaceous
perennials
• Annuals
• Biennials
• Bulbous plants
• Indoor/ live
plants
• Cacti and
succulents
• Palms and
cycads
• Lawn grasses
• Water plants
• Ferns
• Mosses
• Lichens

5. Different types of landscape plants
 Trees-a woody perennial plant, typically having a single
stem or trunk growing to a considerable height and bearing
lateral branches at some distance from the ground.
Three main groups of trees –
• Broad leaved
• Narrow leaved or conifers
• Palms and cycads

6. Selection of Trees in
Landscaping
 Habitat
 Habit
 Height
 Spread
 Trunk height
 Texture- Fine, medium and coarse
 Growth rate- slow, medium and fast
 Leaf retention period- Deciduous, Semi-deciduous and
Evergreen
 Flowering season and peak flowering duration
 Flower- Colour, shape, size, fragrance
 Fruits- Colour, shape, size, season and duration

7.  Range of Tree sizes
• Dwarf trees (3 to 5m tall) : Albizia lebbek,
Bisantha,
• Medium size (6 to 10m tall) : Caesalpinia
• Tall tress (more than110 m tall) : Peltophorum
roxburghii.
• Giant trees : Ficus bengalensis, Bombax

8. Different landscape uses of trees
 Specimen trees
 Shade tree
 Flowering tree
 Avenue tree
 Screening
 Wind break
 To reduce air pollution

9. Different types of landscape plants
SHRUB
A shrub is a woody or semi-woody
perennial plant with little or no trunk and
grows up to a height from 50 cm to less
than four meters
The types of shrubs available for
landscaping :
 Deciduous bushes
 Broadleaf evergreens
 Needled evergreens

10. deciduous shrubs into two
categories:
• shrubs with nice fall foliage.
• those whose leaves do not offer
much value in autumn.
The following are examples of
deciduous shrubs worth growing for
their fall foliage, alone:
• Diablo ninebark
• Burning bush
• Virginia sweetspire

11. Purposes of planting
shrubs
 To enhance the beauty of
surroundings
 To provide fragrance in the
garden
 To act as boundary of property
line
 To divide different areas or
features in the garden
 Softening harsh building lines
 To screen off unwanted sites/
features

12. Purposes of planting
shrubs
 To reduce winds –shrubs
and trees can be combined
to form an obstruction that
will deflect wind above the
building
 To provide background for
growing annual flowers
 To reduce soil erosion
 To conserve moisture
 To discourage weed growth
 To provide natural habitat for
wildlife especially birds

13. Landscape uses of shrubs
 Specimen plant
 Standard
 Avenue planting
 Hedge
 Edge

14. Landscape uses of shrubs
 Under-planting
 Rockeries
 Cut flowers
 Cut foliage
 Moonlit gardening-Moonlight gardening relates to
plants that show off their textures, colors and
sometimes their silhouettes from dusk into the
moonlight hours

15. Landscape uses of shrubs
 Shrubbery border-
Area of the garden devoted exclusively for growing shrubs planted in
a row or rectangular fashion is known as a shrubbery border.

16. Climbers
 Climbers are the group of plants which have
weak stems and ability to climb up the
support with the help of modified organs via:
,Tendrils, Thorns,Roots, etc.
• These climb over walls, arches, pergolas,
trellis, pillars, cascade, gates and topiary.

17. Twiners and Ramblers
 Twiners : It does not have such modified organs to climb, but twin
around the support by spiraling or coiling.
 Ramblers: It has neither any modified organ for climbing nor it coils
around the support, but climb on its own.

18. House/ Indoor Plants
 The art of growing and arranging plants indoor or in the
house for its best use for function and/ or beauty is
called as Indoor gardening.
Purposes of indoor plants -
 Exceptional value in interior decoration
 Sense of interest for recreation
 Source of exercising gardening adventures
 To reduce expenditure on wide open areas
 Plants used to divide indoor living areas
 Brings permanence in the house.

19. Qualities of indoor plants
• Robust (ability to tolerate hot, cold or dryer conditions indoor)
 Evergreen
 Attractiveness.

20. Annuals
 Annuals or seasonal are the group of plants which complete their life
cycle (germination, vegetative growth, flowering, seeding and finally
death of the plants) under a given site within one season or a year.
• African Daisy (Arctotis Grandis)
Commonly found in the gardens of
North India, African daisies require
porous soil, low temperature and
humidity to survive. Seeding in
September month will yield flowers
within 4 months.

21. Marigold
Marigold is a common flower in
Indian households and are mostly
grown in either pots or beds.
Marigold is also used as cut flowers
for religious and decorative
purposes.
Forget-Me-Not
Seeds for this plant are sown in
September or October and they
flower after 5 months of sowing.
Forget me not's flourish in pots or
beds.

22. Different types of landscape plants
• Herbaceous perennials- a plant whose
growth dies down annually but whose roots or
other underground parts survive
• Biennials- Plants which require two years to
complete their life cycle.
First season growth results in a small rosette of
leaves near the soil surface. During the second
season's growth stem elongation, flowering
and seed formation occur followed by the
entire plant's death.
• Bulbous plants
• Cacti and succulents- Succulents are plants
that store water in their stems, roots, and leaves
Parsley is a
biennial plant

23. Different types of landscape plants
• Palms and cycads
• Lawn grasses
• Water plants
• Ferns-A fern is a member of a group of
vascular plants that reproduce via spores and
have neither seeds nor flowers.
• Mosses-Mosses are small flowerless plants
that typically grow in dense green clumps or
mats, often in damp or shady locations.
• Lichens -A lichen is a composite organism
that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living
among filaments of multiple fungi in a symbiotic
relationship.

24. Effect of plants on Micro-climate
 Microclimate: encompasses large areas with fairly uniform
conditions which are influenced by air masses moving over earth
surface within parameters that characterize a localized area with a
geographic scale between 1m2-100m2. The main factors that
influence microclimate include surface temperature, relative
humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and precipitation.
 FACTORS:- The main factors that influence microclimate include
surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation
and precipitation.
 EFFECT:- Vegetation has the ability to reduce excessive air
temperature through sunlight interception. Its geometric
configuration influences the amount of solar radiation, air
temperature, humidity and wind velocity on microclimate of a given
area.

25.  SURFACE TEMPERATURE:- Thermal comfort index indicates that
63% of the trees produced shades with resultant reduction in
temperature within comfort or no discomfort levels.

26.  SOLAR RADIATION:- Leaves of trees allow 20% of radiation to be
transmitted through them and about 55% absorbed while 25%
reflects back.
SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

27.  RELATIVE HUMIDITY:- It follows then that the process of
evaporation increases relative humidity and air temperature.

28.  WIND VELOCITY:- Vegetation influenced the direction of wind
movement by means of obstruction and deflection, guidance and
filtration depending on tree geometry, height, canopy permeability
and crown cover. A single row high density windbreak vegetation
reduced air infiltration by about 60% when planted approximately
four tree heights away from the building.

29. DIRECT EFFECT ON NEARBY
STRUCTURES
 Trees and vegetation cool the air by providing shade and by means
of evapotranspiration (the evaporation of water from leaves). Shade
reduces the amount of solar radiation transmitted to the underlying
surfaces thereby keeping them cool. Shaded walls (5-10 .C) cooler
than the peak surface temperature of unshaded surfaces. These
cooler walls decreases the quantity of heat intake transmitted to the
building interior, thus lowering or reducing air conditioning costs.
Cooler surfaces also lessen the heat island effect by reducing heat
transfer to the surrounding air temperature.

30. Plants as architecture
Plants and trees can be used in architecture as to emphasize and
complement the existing building and to create outdoor spaces.
Trees, shrubs and ground covers can be used to emphasize the
desirable architectural lines and masses of the house. The form and
branching pattern of particular trees and shrubs can echo the
vertical, horizontal and diagonal roof and wall lines of a house.
Thus, a pleasing, unifies and harmonious appearance can result.

31. Functional uses of Plants and
Trees
Aesthetics:
-Visual principles of color, texture, scale, and rhythm can be used to
create an aesthetically pleasing human environment .
-Special plantings of high visual interest or quality, like specimen trees or
perennial borders, can be used to dramatize certain views or alter a user's
perception of scale.
-Fragrant plants also contribute to the quality of human experience in the
landscape.
-As they also provide shelter and food to the wild life, it also encourages the th
presence of birds, butterflies or other forms of wildlife.

32. JAMES CORN FIELD GARDEN,

33. Environmental Modification:
-The microclimate of an outdoor space can be changed through the careful
placement of trees and shrubs to block excessive sun or wind .
-Plantings can also help to prevent site from soil erosion on slopes and in rainy
season.
-Plantings can also reduce snow drifting across roads and other passageways .

34. Screening:
-Living barriers can range from semitransparent visual screens to formidable
thorned hedges.
-Plant screens can provide privacy, mark boundaries, discourage intruders,
or
block unpleasant views.
-Bamboos can be used in
side the building and for
blocking the views at upper
floors.

35. Circulation Control and Space Definition:
-Plantings can control and direct the movements of people, animals, or vehicle
-Where established pedestrian
shortcuts are to be discouraged,
thorned, dense-growing plants
may be necessary to change
user habits.
-Spaces can be defined by creating outdoor
room
or spaces by trees and For different activities.

36. APPLICATION
CANOPY TREES
APPLICATION :-
FILTER THE SUN
UNIFY THE AREA
PROVIDE THE SPATIAL CEILING
SOFTEN ARCHITECTURE LINES
INTERMEDIATE TREES
APPLICATION :-
SCREENING
BACKDROP
VISUAL INTEREST
AS DEFINERS TO DEFINE VAROIUS SPACES
AS NOISE BARRIERS
SOURCE :- PPT SUBJECT
COORDINATOR

38. PLANTS COMBINED WITH MOUNDINGS
CAN HIDE PARKING AND SERVICE
AREAS.
COMBINE PLATING WITH EARTH
SHAPING TO CREATE VISUAL INTEREST
LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION CAN START
OUTSIDE OF THE STREET RIGHT OF WAY
WHERE THE SPACE IS LIMITED AND
ALANDSCAPE EASEMENT PROVIDED.

40. A SPARSE GROUP OF WELL PLACED TREES CAN UNIFY AND
GIVE A REFRESHING RELIEF TO A BULIDING OR COMPOUND
RANDOM SPACING OF TREES CREATED A
NATURAL FEEL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR RECREATIONAL
AREAS AND PARKS
ORDERED PLACING OF TREES RESONATES
WITH THE ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS NEAR
AND ARE SUITABLE FOR LEVELS , GEOMETRIC
COURTYARDS AND MONUMENTS
GENERALLY WE SHOULD AVOID PLACING
MORE THAN TWO TREES IN LINE AND
SOME TYPE OF CANOPY IS DESIRED
OUTCOME AT THE END
TREES IN AROW HAVE A STRONG IMPACT SO THIS
ARRANGEMENT IS USED ONLY WHEN REQUIRED
IN BULIT SPACES
SOURCE :- PPT SUBJECT COORDINATOR

43. OUTDOOR ACCESSIBILITY
SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

44. SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

45. SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

46. SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

47. Plants In Interior Landscaping
-Interior landscape designer must be mindful that the primary function of most
Interior environments is to serve people rather than to grow plants.
-Plant materials must be able to tolerate the environmental conditions created
for
Human comfort.
-With minor modifications to the physical conditions
within a building, it is possible to find many plants from
the tropical and subtropical regions of the world that
will survive indoors in the temperature and humidity
ranges also comfortable for human activity.

48. TECHNIQUES TO MEET
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
Light:
Light can be provided either from daylight or electric light . Daylight is preferab
because it provides a greater spectrum of the radiant energy needed by most
plants,
and is generally provided more diffusely than electric light .
 Windows and Clerestories
 Skylights
 Glazing Materials
 Electric Light
Air:
Providing plants with proper above ground and in-ground temperatures is impo
and should be considered during the conceptual stage of any building design.

49. SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

50. Water:
The two fundamental methods of watering plants are hand watering and autom
System watering . Many techniques are used that vary and combine these two
basic methods .
Planting Medium:
The ingredients used in a planting mix will depend on their availability, on weig
restraints, and on the needs of the particular plants. Topsoil, Peat, Sand,
Shredded bark etc

51. SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

52. Commonly Used Plants
Size Categories:
Interior plants are typically categorized
according to the following sizes :
-Trees : 1 500 to 75 000 mm (5 to 25 ft)
or more
-Large understory : 900 to 1 500 mm
(3to5ft)
-Small understory : 300 to 900 mm
(1 to 3 ft)
-Groundcover : less than 300 mm (1 ft)
-Vines and hanging plants : Not categorized
by size

54. SOURCE:- TIME SAVER STANDARDS

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67. Safety Considerations
Designing safe environments depends on matching the proper plant to the pro
place.
Poisonous Plants:
-Plants with brightly colored poisonous berries or leaves
should not be used where children may be tempted to
eat them .Some plants can cause an allergic reaction when
touched. These should be located out of reach .
Litter-producing Plants:
-Plants that produce messy fruit or nuts, cones, seed pod
or excessive leaf litter are hazardous to pedestrians
and hinder passage of many wheeled vehicles like strollers
and wheelchairs .
Weak-branched Plants:
-Large branches may be susceptible to breaking from
wind and ice and can cause damage and/or pose
obstacles if they fall .

68. Plants with Drooping Branches:
-Branches that hang into walkways or streets can injure
pedestrians and cyclists and may cause damage to larger
vehicles .
Plants with Shallow Roots:
-Roots near the surface can cause sidewalk heaving, creating
uneven paths that are impassable for small-wheeled vehicles
and are dangerous for pedestrians .
Thorned Plants :
-Thorned plants can be dangerous to brush into or fall
against . Thorned leaves and twigs that litter the ground
can also be dangerous for people wearing light shoes or
going barefoot .
Plants that Attract Insects :
-Some people have severe reactions to insect bites and
stings. Plants that attract stinging pollinators or other
insect pests should be placed away from sitting areas
and walks .

76. SOURCES
• TIME SAVER STANDARDS FOR LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
• WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM
• WWW.DENZEEN.COM
• PPT :- SUBJECT COORDINATOR (REENA SURANA MAM)
• PDF:- FF LANDSCAPING GUIDE TO PLANT SELECTION AND LANDSCAPE
DESIGN

77. THANK YOU