This document provides information on different types of plant materials used for landscaping including trees, shrubs, climbers, annuals, bulbs, cacti, palms, ferns and mosses. It describes the classification and characteristics of trees such as their size, growth rate, leaf type and uses. It also discusses factors to consider when selecting trees for landscaping like habitat, height and texture. The document then covers shrubs and their purposes for landscaping. It lists some common plant species and provides their local and scientific names.

1. PLANT MATERIALS

2. • CLASSIFICATION:
o TREES
o SHRUBS
o CLIMBERS
o Annuals
o Biennials
o Bulbous plants
o Indoor/ live plants
o Cacti and succulents
o Palms and cycads
o Lawn grasses
o Water plants
o Ferns
o Mosses
o Lichens

3. • a woody perennial plant, typically having a single stem or trunk growing to a
considerable height and bearing lateral branches at some distance from the ground.
• Three main groups of trees –
o Broad leafed
o Narrow leaved or conifers
o Palms and cycads
Trees

4. Selection of Trees in Landscaping
o Habitat
o Habit
o Height
o Spread
o Trunk height
o Texture- Fine, medium and coarse
Trees
Range of Tree sizes
• Dwarf trees (3 to 5m tall)
• Medium size (6 to 10m tall)
• Tall tress (more than110 m
tall).
• Giant trees : Ficus
bengalensis, Bombax
o Growth rate- slow, medium and fast
o Leaf retention period- Deciduous, Semi-
deciduous and evergreen
o Flowering season and peak flowering
duration
o Flower- Colour, shape, size, fragrance
o Fruits- Colour, shape, size, season and
duration

5. Trees for different uses.
Roadside plantation
oThe primary object of such planting was to
make provision for shade to the passers-by.
oControl road erosion, beutification, making
economic use of timber, flower, fruit.
oFor good roadside planting , they should
have spreading, dense, shapely crowns and
preferably showy scented flowers.
oFruit trees should be avoided as far as
possible.
oTo maintain uniformity a single species
should be planted over a long stretch of road.
oThis not only improves the avenue but also
renders management more economical,
planting and replanting easier and
exploitation of their commercial possibility
viable.
oTrees with brittle or thorny branches should
not be selected.
oDeciduous trees has an added advantage.

6. Trees for different uses.
Planting of trees in parks, large gardens and
other public places.
o all types of trees – big and small, flowering
or folige, conical or spreading can be used for
planting in parks and big gardens.
o here the importance is given to aesthetics,
can be created by mixing different shape, size
and color or planting them individually or in
groups.
oNormally large plants are planted along the
boarder and smaller ones towards the centre.

7. Different landscape uses of trees.
•Specimen trees
•Shade tree
•Flowering tree
•Avenue tree
•Screening
•Wind break
•To reduce air pollution

8. Structural Quality Of Trees

9. SHRUB
•A shrub is a woody or semi-woody perennial plant with little or no trunk and grows
up to a height from 50 cm to less than four meters
The types of shrubs available for landscaping :
oDeciduous bushes
oBroadleaf evergreens
oNeedled evergreens
•It can be used to demarcate boundary, give
buffer between spaces and give a sense of
place.
•It gives free vision and movement

10. Purposes of planting Shrubs
•To enhance the beauty of surroundings
•To provide fragrance in the garden
•To act as boundary of property line
•To divide different areas or features in the garden
•Softening harsh building lines
•To screen off unwanted sites/ features

11. Purposes of planting Shrubs
•To reduce winds –shrubs and trees can be
combined to form an obstruction that will deflect
wind above the building
•To provide background for growing annual
flowers
•To reduce soil erosion
•To conserve moisture
•To discourage weed growth
•To provide natural habitat for wildlife especially
birds

12. Landscape uses of shrubs
•Specimen plant
•Standard
•Avenue planting
•Hedge
•Edge
•Under-planting
•Rockeries
•Cut flowers
•Cut foliage
•Moonlit gardening-Moonlight gardening relates
to plants that show off their textures, colors and
sometimes their silhouettes from dusk into the
moonlight hours

13. Shrubbery border-
Area of the garden devoted exclusively for
growing shrubs planted in a row or rectangular
fashion is known as a shrubbery border.
Grass:
• Grass, any of many low, green, non woody
plants belonging to the grass family (Poaceae).
• They make good ground cover
• They provide variety of texture, color and
serve as a transition between two different
vegetated areas such as from a shrub to a
flower bed.
• Ornamental grasses add experience to the
landscape.
• Helps the surrounding by preventing soil
erosion.

14. Flowers:
• A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found
in flowering plants.
• They add color and texture to the landscape defining the mood or the context in which
it is set in.
• Alters and plays with the aesthetic feel of the area.
• The add value to the place with their interaction with surrounding flora and fauna.

15. CLIMBERS
Climbers are the group of plants which have weak stems and ability to climb up the
support with the help of modified organs via: ,Tendrils, Thorns,Roots, etc.
• These climb over walls, arches, pergolas, trellis, pillars, cascade, gates etc…

16. TYPES OF CLIMBERS
According to growth habit, appearance, suitability and uses, climbers are classified as
follows:
ANNUAL CLIMBERS:
Many climbers which grow and flower for several years are perennials and they are
valued because once established and trained on support they continue to flower with
little care.
Grow ,flower and complete the life cycle within a year.
Thunbergia alata – black eyed susan

17. FOLIAGE CLIMBERS:
Climbers with beautiful leaves.
Both indoor and outdoor
Monstera deliciosa
Syngonium podophyllum

18. CLIMBERS PARTIAL SHADE:
Trachelospermum jasminoides
Quisqualis indica

19. HEAVY CLIMBERS -
Antigonan leptopus
Bougainvillea

20. LIGHT CLIMBERS – thin shoots, neat growth, cover less space
Jacquemontia violacea
Clitoria ternatea

21. CLIMBERS FOR SREENING – grow
quickly, show thick and neat growth.
Clerodendrum splendens
Thunbergia laurifolia

22. Local and scientific names ALBIZZIA JULIBRISSIN – SILK TREE / MIMOSA TREE

23. Local and scientific names ARTOCARPUS- BREAD FRUIT TREE

24. Local and scientific names ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS- JACKFRUIT TREE

25. Local and scientific names BAUHINIA – ORCHID TREE

26. Local and scientific names CASSIA FISTULA – INDIAN LABURNUM, GOLDEN SHOWER

27. Local and scientific names FICUS –
FICUS BENGALENSIS – BANYAN TREE

28. Local and scientific names FICUS –
FICUS BENJAMINA– FIG

29. Local and scientific names FICUS –
FICUS RELIGIOSA – PIPAL TREE

30. Local and scientific names LEGERSTOMIA. SPECIOSA – PRIDE OF INDIA, QUEEN OF
FLOWERS

31. Local and scientific names MAGNIFERA. INDICA- MANGO TREE

32. Local and scientific names NYCTANTHES. ARBOR-TRISTIS – CORAL TREE, TREE OF
SADNESS

33. Local and scientific names PLUMERIA – FRAGIPANI, PAGODA TREE
PLUMERIA ALBA
PLUMERIA RUBRA

34. Local and scientific names PLUMERIA – FRAGIPANI, PAGODA TREE
PLUMERIA OBTUSA

35. Local and scientific names SARACA ASOCA – ASOKA TREE