The document discusses how technology, particularly ICT, has been utilized to enhance transportation in Korea, addressing challenges such as severe car congestion, poor connectivity, and high fatalities. Key strategies include public transportation improvements, integration of fare systems, and real-time information dissemination, leading to increased ridership and reduced accidents. Lessons from Korea emphasize the importance of capacity building, political leadership, and a people-oriented approach to sustainable urban transport solutions.

1. Role of Technology Enhancing Transport Korea’s Case!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!
! Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E., Prof.!
! President, Korea Transport Institute!
Transforming Transportation 2014!

2. Role
of
Technology
Enhancing
Transport
Korea’s
Cases:
ICT
based
transport
reform.
World
Bank,
Transforming
Transportation
Jan.
2014
Korea's
Challenges:
ICT-­‐based
Transport
Transforming
Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E., Prof.
President, Korea Transport Institute
k1004@koti.re.kr, gckim1004@gmail.com

4. Shanty Towns
After the Korean War
(1953-1970)

5. (1,000 Persons)
12,000
1992, 10.92M
1988, 10M
10,000
8,000
1976, 7M
6,000
1970, 5M
4,000
1963, 3M
1959, 2M
2,000
1942, 1M
1915
1925
1935
1945
1955
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005

6. Bus
and
Tram
Sta@ons
:
Insufficient
capacity

7. Gyengbu Expressway
opened in 1970
of vehicles in Korea
! 127,000 in 1970
l Number
7

8. §
Registered
vehicles:
50
@mes
1970:
60
thousand
!
2010
:
2.98
million
[Registered Vehicles in Seoul]
3,500,000
3,000,000
!
Seoul’s
challenges?
2,500,000
2,000,000
-­‐
Vehicles
:
Up
by
50x
1,500,000
1,000,000
-­‐
Road
:
4
%/y
only
500,000
0
1970
1975
1980
Year
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
No.
of
Registered
Vehicles
2010

9. From 7am to 11pm
Entire area of Seoul

10. Air Pollution
Cancer Occurrence
Energy Consumption Increase
Discomfort

11. Deaths
per
year:
13,000
(1992)
→
5,200
(2012)

12. 1) Severe
car
congestion:
Public
transpor
t
improvement
-­‐
BMS,
BIS,
Bus
rerouting,
Bus
Median
Lane,
etc.
2) Poor
Connectivity:
Integration
for
mod
es
and
fare
system,
Bus
rerouting
3) High
Fatalities:
Black
box,
surveillance
camera

13. Integration
for
modes
and
fare
system
PUSH
&
PULL
Strategy
-­‐
Transit
System:
Integration
for
Multi-­‐Modal
l Physical
(between
modes
(Station
+
Stop))
l Network
(Railway,
Bus,
and
others)
l Fare
(Equity,
Providing
incentives
)
l Information
(Seamless
transfer)
l Institutional
(Custom-­‐based)

14. KOTI-WPI
Public
transport
improvement
-­‐
BMS
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
26Jan12
GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

15. KOTI-WPI
26Jan12
Public
transport
improvement
-­‐
Bus
Interval
Management
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

16. KOTI-WPI
Public
transport
improvement
-­‐
T-­‐
Money
Card
Data
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
26Jan12
GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

17. KOTI-WPI
26Jan12
Scientific Administration
Public
transport
improvement
-­‐
Scienti]ic
Administration
Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life
GCKIM
Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

18. Connectivity:
Bus
Rerouting
Increase
-­‐ Network
Capacity
(new
Bus
R
oute
&
BRT)
-­‐
Bus
ridership
-­‐
Bus
Frequency
(Keep
Interval
)
-­‐
Bus
Company
Revenue
Decrease
-­‐
Total
Bus
Operation
Cost
-­‐
Subsidy
of
SMG

19. Priority Connectivity:
BRT
Median Bus Lane
– Introduced
in
2004
by
the
Seoul
Metropolitan
Government
– Provides
faster
and
reliable
travel
│Before
│AVer
the
Priority
Bus
Lane

20. Connectivity:
Fare
integration
§ Distance based fare
Subway
single
trips:
fare
by
distance-­‐traveled
(base
of
800
KRW
up
to
12km,
addi@onal
100
won
per
6km)
Bus
single
trips:
single
fare
of
800
KRW
§ Free of charge for transfers
For
transferring
trips:
accumulated
distance-­‐based
fare
→
basic
fare
up
to
10km;
addi@onal
fare
per
5km
20

21. Result of (Fare) Integration by ICT
Transport Right : Equity
Before
Close to Station
- High Price of Asset: Richer
- Lower Fare for Transport
After
New Fare System
- Distance-based
- Unified among modes
Away from Station
- Low Price of Asset: more poor
- Double Fare for Transport
Equity
BMS

22. Payment
for
Public
transport
Mobile Phone
Credit card
22

23. Public
transport
improvement
-­‐
Real-­‐Time
Based
BIS
Information Displayed at Bus Stops
Smart Phone Application

24. High
ICT-based Safety Cameras
&Korea
Fatalities:
Speed
Policies in
Intersect
ion
Cameras
Total
4,901
cameras
installed
nationwide
(2010)
Total
9.97
million
tickets
issue
d
in
2010
-­‐
Speeding:
82%
-­‐
Traf]ic
light
violation:
17%
-­‐
Others:
Bus
lane,
Shoulder
lane

25. High
Fatalities:
Car
black
box
(Drive
recorder)
! All Korean company taxis have instal
led car black boxes between 2008~2
012 (total 91,532 taxis)
! Accidents: decreased by 17.2%, fata
lities by 22.0%
! Local gov. subsidize 50% of the taxi
black box cost
! Insurance companies reduce prices
by 3~5%

26. High
Fatalities:
Car
black
box
(Drive
recorder)

27. Outcome
of
ICT
based
Reform

28. Outcome
1)
Saving
fuel
consumption
2003
2004
2005
Diesel
Usage(1,000ℓ)
148,059
126,485
118,783
CNG
Usage(1,000㎥)
33,955
41,731
44,671
Total Fuel Cost (KRW M)
64,816
58,685
56,033
Difference of Cost(%)
-
9.5
4.5

29. Outcome
2)
Air
Pollution
Reduction
2003
2004
2005
Ratio
(’03 -> ’05)
CO(Ton)
748.3
623.8
488.0
34.8%
NOx(Ton)
2,074.6
1,799.7
1,694.1
18.3%
HC(Ton)
356.6
358.6
332.4
6.8%
PM(Ton)
45.1
36.2
27.3
39.5%

30. Outcome
3)
Public
Transport
Ridership
□ PT mode share : 65%,Trend of Ridership
7,000
Number
of
Passengers
(thousand
people/day)
6,500
6,000
5,500
Subway
Bus
6,437
6,286
6,239
6,218
6,213
6,267
6,282
6,112
6,162
5,911
5,000
5,174
4,500
4,544
4,655
4,583
4,615
4,605
4,595
4,000
4,293
4,192
4,180
4,006
3,992
3,500
14% ↑
3,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Year
※ Subway ridership excludes free-pass holders.
Source : Seoul Year Book

31. Outcome
4)
Lessened
Bus
Accidents
The number of accidents in July, 2004 decreased 26.9%
than the July of 2003
2003
2004
(Number of Accidents)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
658
516
142 accidents
per month
has been
decreased

32. Outcome
4)
Lessened
Children
Fatalities
Remarkable children fatality decrease from 1,566/year
to 83/year (95% decrease in 10years)
Fatalities under 14 years of age
932
83
2010
80
2005
126
2000
154
1995
161
0
1990
202
200
276
284
296
394
468
400
489
588
600
572
592
800
753
809
890
1000
998
1200
1180
1400
1566
1600
1537
1800
2015

33. Socio-economic Consequences of Collisions
In 2013, KOTI researchers* surveyed 188 disabled traffic crash victims
! Job Loss: 70.7%
! Income Reduction: 71.8%
! Housing Change**: 49.5%
! Divorce: 21.8%
World Bank’s goal: En
ding poverty
To end poverty, traffic
safety should be cons
idered with a top prio
rity.
! Diminishing of social life: 53.2%
* This research was conducted by
Dr. Jae-Hoon Seol and Dr. Namji Jung
**Owner-occupied
housing / lease →
monthly rental / welfare house
Source:
Global
Status
Report
on
Road
Safety
2009
(WHO)

34. Lessons
from
Korea:
How
do
we
make
the
ICT-­‐based
transport
transforming
to
work?

35. Lessons
from
Korea:
Building
capacity
ICT
vocational
training
(1980s)
ICT
industry
promotion
Establishing
knowledge
hubs
(i.e.
KOTI,
1986)
-­‐
R&D
investment
(World’s
second
ratio)
Political
Leadership
Promoting
ICT
industries
(1990s)
Seoul
Bus
Reform
(2004)
Zeroing
Traf]ic
Fatalities

36. 1)
Lessons
from
Korea:
Capacity
Building
<The
Korea
Transport
Institute
(KOTI)>
l
Role:
National
Think
Tank
Funding:
100%
government-­‐established
institute
l Staff:
300
personal
(93
Ph.D.,
200
MA
&
MSc)
l Contribution:
Economic
Growth
and
Transport
Strategies
Infrastructure
Master
Plans
Transport
and
Logistics
Technology
Development
l

37. 1)
Lessons
fTransport Institute Building
The Korea rom
Korea:
Capacity
KOTI’s
Relationship
with
the
Korean
Government
Prime Mini
ster’s Offi
ce
Policy Support
NRCS
Commissioned
Research
MOLIT
Commissioned
Research
KOTI
Policy Support
Local
Government

38. 1)
Lessons
from
Korea:
Capacity
Building
l
Highway
l
Logistics
l
l
Railway
Public Transport
l
Aviation
l
ITS

39. 2)
Lessons
from
Korea:Political
Leadership
Innovation
Leaders
in
KOREA
Junghee
Park
M.B.
Lee
Ken
Livingst
one,
London

40. Transforming
Transport
Solution for :
GHG, Air Pollution, Car-Crash, Congestion

41. Transforming
Transport
Before
AVer
(Sep.
2005)
Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon (6km)
Decrease
of
car-­‐traffic
volume:
125,000
veh/day

42. □ Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon
Demonstration Against CRP, November, 2003
It took leadership, broad communication program to resolve conflicts
It was not easy!
Political support and
communications were critical

43. Transforming
Transport
People
oriented
policy should
not
deprive
We
,
not
car
our
children
of
their
fut
ure

44. Transforming
Transport
Thermal image
July 27, 2005
37o
28o
36o
36o
Average
32.7oC
Cheonggye
Cheon
-­‐3.6oC
Average
36.3oC
Nearby
street

45. I am very SORRY!
45

46. 1955,
After
Korean
war
Extreme
Poverty
2012,
Seoul
Thanks
to
IBRD/WB
-­‐ To
developing
countries
–
Can-­‐DO
spirit
-­‐ We
are
ready
to
share
our
experience

47. Aug.
20
–
Sep.
27,
2014
(Workshop
Sep.
21-­‐27)
http//:english.koti.re.k
r/lutp2014/

48. Break the pattern, Think differently
NOT for Vehicles, BUT
for People
What time is it for …..
?
It is TIME to change
to sustainable Transport
Mike
Gyeng
Chul
Kim,
Ph.D.,
P.E.,
Prof.,
President
The
Korea
Transport
Institute
k1004@koti.re.kr gckim1004@gmail.com
(Take
Transit,
Enjoy
more
2me
of
your
Life)
48