This document discusses drug discovery and the process of identifying potential new drug targets. It outlines the need for drug discovery to develop treatments for diseases without existing therapies. The key steps in drug discovery include target identification using genomics and proteomics to study the genome and map protein-protein interactions, as well as target validation using techniques like RNA interference and transgenic animal models. Bioinformatics plays an important role in analyzing large datasets to aid in drug target discovery and validation.

1. PRESENTED BY
ASHISH
M PHARM FIRST YEAR
(PHARMACOLOGY)

2.  Introduction of drug discovery
 Need of Drug Discovery
 Target Identification
Genomics
Proteomics
Bioinformatics
 Target Validation
si Rna
Antisense oligonucleotide
 Role of transgenic animals
 References

3.  Drug Discovery is the process through which
potential new medicines are identified.
 drugs were discovered by identifying the active
ingredient from traditional remedies or by
serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin.
 Various steps In drug discovery-
Step 1: Discovery and Development.
Step 2: Preclinical Research.
Step 3: Clinical Research.
Step 4: FDA Drug Review.
Step 5: FDA Post-Market Drug Safety
Monitoring.

4.  Drug discovery initiates because there is a
disease or clinical condition without suitable
medical products available.
 Rare diseases or orphan diseases.

5.  Target :- It is a cellular or molecular structures
involved in pathology which are responsible for
disease.
They may be :-
1. Receptors
2. Enzyme
3. Nucleic acid
4. Hormone
5. Ion Channel
 Target Identification :- It is the process of identifying
the direct molecular target i.e protein, nucleic acid.
It is aimed at finding the efficacy target of a drug.
It is the first step in drug discovery

7.  Genome :-It is an organism complete set of
DNA.
 Genomics :-
1.It is the field of science focusing on
structure, function, mapping of Genomes.
2. It is concerned with sequencing and
analysis of an organism genome.
 Types of Genomics
Structural Genomics
Functional Genomics

8.  It is used to describe 3- D structure of every protein
encoded by a given genome.
 It has potential to inform knowledge of protein
function.
 It characterize genome structures.
 Attempts to determine structure of every protein
encoded by genome rather than focusing on one
particular protein.
 Various techniques used to determine structure of
genome:-
 De novo methods
 Sequence based Modeling
 Shortgun Sequencing

9.  Focus on gene transcription, translation,
regulation of gene expression and protein-
protein interactions.
 Goal is to understand relationship between an
organism genome and its phenotype.
 Measure all gene products like mRNA or
proteins within biological sample.
 Technique used:-
DNA Microarray

12. CONTD...
 Protein Microarray
High throughput method used to track the
interactions & activities of proteins and to
determine their functions.
Method
Proteins are immobilised on slides then they
are probed for variety of functions.
Probe are labelled with fluoroscent dyes.
When probe bind to protein gives fluoroscent
signal.

14.  Bioinformatics has become an important part
of many areas of biology. In experimental
molecular biology, bioinformatics techniques
such as image and signal processing allow
extraction of useful results from large
amounts of raw data. In the field of genetics
and genomics, it aids in sequencing and
annotating genomes and their observed
mutations.