what is micronutrients, role of mns,deficiency symptom due to unavailability of mns,use of mns, effect on seed development and seedling estabishment, effect on seed storage, effect on seed viability and vigor,
Micronutrient delivery system through seed in crop plantsAnkit Moharana
micronutrient application method, application through seed, seed priming and coating method of application,effect on crop growth and stand establishment due to application of micronutrient
Liquid organic fertilizers: Nutrient rich material is soaked in water for several days or weeks to undergo fermentation. Frequent stirring encourages microbial activity in liquid manures. The resulting liquid can either be used as a foliar fertilizer or applied to the soil.
Micronutrient delivery system through seed in crop plantsAnkit Moharana
micronutrient application method, application through seed, seed priming and coating method of application,effect on crop growth and stand establishment due to application of micronutrient
Liquid organic fertilizers: Nutrient rich material is soaked in water for several days or weeks to undergo fermentation. Frequent stirring encourages microbial activity in liquid manures. The resulting liquid can either be used as a foliar fertilizer or applied to the soil.
SALT TOLERANCE IMPROVEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS THROUGH SEED PRIMINGSamar Biswas
Salinity is one the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in germinating seeds. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand establishment under salt conditions. One of the most frequently utilized is seed priming. The process of seed priming involves prior exposure to an abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates the pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for radicle protrusion. It increases the antioxidant system activity and the repair of membranes. These changes promote seed vigor during germination and emergence under salinity stress. There are different type of priming techniques for seed treatment, i.e. hydropriming, halopriming, osmopriming and hormonal priming. Seed priming increases seedling vigour of several horticultural crops. Tomato, cucumber, French marigold, amaranth and hot peper etc. were tested for seed priming at seedling stage and show better result than nonprime seed against salt stress condition. The priming techniques improved seedling vigour, growth and yield of horticultural crops.
Production and Application of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria as Biofertilize...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Soil microorganism plays an important role in regulating the levels of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur at the rhizosphere. Solubilization of macronutrient is an important aspect in plant growth and development research. Phosphorus is one of the vital nutrient required for optimum growth of plant. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) plays an important role in increasing the phosphate uptake by the plants. Pikovskaya medium containing TCP or tricalcium phosphate helps in isolation of PSB from soil sample. Isolated strains were tested and screened by Halo zone formation and pH test. The selected strains showing marked decrease in pH and clear zone formation was selected for field trial. The objective of this study was to ascertain that PSBs isolated from the soil sample can be used as biofertilizer. Application of PSBs with a carrier mixed with maize seeds in the field of study and compared against a control field and against commercially available fertilizer showed that PSBs can improve the quality of soil and in turn improved the growth and development of the plants.
Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerates the growth of shoot r...UniversitasGadjahMada
Shoot roots are second type of root, which emerge from the base of the new shoots, 5-7 days after planting. The shoot roots growth on single bud chips seedling is critical for further growth in dry land. The objectives of this study were to examine shoot root growth using different doses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum on five clones of sugarcane and to ascertain their effect on seedling biomass weight. The highest and lowest temperatures on the research site were 32º and 18 ºC, in tropical monsoon climate. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) in 4x5 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments were: four doses of AMF inoculum (0, 1, 2, 3 g/bud chips) on five clones with single bud chips seedling (PS864, KK, PS881, BL, and VMC). The evaluated parameters were root colonization affected by doses of AMF inoculum, number of shoot roots, surface area of shoot and total roots, root length, biomass seedling, and P leaf concentration affected by doses of AMF inoculum. AMF inoculum doses of 2 and 3 g of inoculum/bud chips resulted in the speed and extent root colonization at 5 days after inoculation on all five sugarcane clones. The clones exhibited 57-100 % accelerated emergence of shoot roots (i.e. the second roots formed), increased total root length, total root surface area especially on BL, VMC, and P leaf concentration. Application of 2-3 inoculum/bud of AMF inoculum significantly increased shoot roots growth i.e. root length, root surface area, and number of shoot roots.
Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in the market.
Plant height, flowering, yield and quality including alternate bearing can be overcome by various horticultural practices like pruning, thinning of fruits, use of chemicals like Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of Paclobutrazol is commonly practiced by the horticultural growers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
“Seed priming is a controlled hydration technique in which seeds are soaked in water or low osmotic potential solution to a point where germination related metabolic activities begin in the seeds but radical emergence does not occur.”
Seed quality enhancement techniques and biofortification in rice siddusingadi
Introduction
General scenario of rice
Invigoration techniques
Seed Hardening
Seed bio-priming
Seed coating treatments
Factors affecting priming
Biofotification
Gaps in seed priming research
Future areas to be researched
Conclusion
Biofertilizers are living microbes that enhance plant nutrition by either by mobilizing or increasing nutrient availability in soils. Various microbial taxa including beneficial bacteria and fungi are currently used as biofertilizers, as they successfully colonize the rhizosphere, rhizoplane or root interior.
Influence of media and bio regulators on rooting of pomegranateAbdul Hakim Salehi
Seminar on Influence of Media and Bio regulators on rooting of Pomegranate. presented by Abdul Hakim Salehi
Sr. MSc. (Hort) Fruit science Department
College of Horticulture Bengaluru
University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot
Influence of amino acids, bleed grape and seaweed extract on vegetative growt...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— This study was conducted during the growing season of 2016 in a private orchard at AL-Abbasyia , Najaf Governorate on the local fig cv. Aswod Diala. The trees were spraying with amino acids (Amister and Gusto) at concentrations of 500 mg / L each other, Bleed of grape 100% and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum at concentrations of 4% in single way or in combination at 15 march and 15 May,2016. Results showed that spraying with amino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extract treatments and their interactions caused a significant increase percentage of leaf area ,total chlorophyll, length of shoots , percentage of carbohydrate in branches , percentage of nitrogen in branches , percentage of carbohydrate / nitrogen in branches , percentage of nitrogen in leaves, percentage of phosphor in leaves, percentage of potassium in leaves ,diameter of fruit , length of fruit , weight of fruit , percentage humidity of fruit , percentage dray matter of fruit, number of days to ripening , percentage of total soluble sold , fruit firmness and total yield of trees compared with control treatment. There were significant differences between above mentioned treatments. The Bleed of grape was more effective than amino acids(Amister and Gusto) and seaweed in that respect , but the combination of amino acids(Amister and Gusto) , Bleed of grape and seaweed gave the best results in the treatment (Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs) for the season of experiment.
Mutagenic Action of Sodium Azide on Germination and Emergence in Landraces of...IOSRJAVS
Phaseolus vulgaris (Common beans) landraces are one of the most cultivated legumes for human consumption on the montaneclimate of the Jos Plateau and is renowned for the production of reasonable quantities of the beans in Africa.Common beans is rich in fiber, micronutrients, minerals and has strong medicinal value. Despite its potential for improving nutrition and poverty reduction, it is highly under-utilized and research efforts to improve the genotypes of the plant found in this area for better productivity are few. A study was thus carried out to access the germination and emergence responses of three landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris (pinto, red kidney and navy) after treatment with sodium azide. Four doses of sodium azide were applied in concentrations of 0.1M, 0.04M, 0.03M and 0.02M for each landrace for both germination and emergence experiments. The results showed that at doses 0.02M and 0.03M, the pinto indicated significantly (p<0.05) higher mean germination which surpassed the control. All sodium azide doses in the red kidney and pinto had reduced mean germination. Sodium azide reduced the mean emergence of pinto, red kidney and navy at all the doses of sodium azide. The lethality of sodium azide was highest in navy and lowest in pinto. The decrease in germination and emergence was not dose related especially in red kidney and navy. The best response to the mutagen was observed in pinto with higher germination and the least percentage lethality. Sodium azide effectiveness and efficiency were strongest at the 0.1M dose of the mutagen.
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients [boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl)] NIckel (Ni
ROLE OF MICRO NUTRIENTS IN FIELD CROPS.pptxVikramPaul15
Micronutrients are abundantly present in the soil but plants usually acquire them in relatively trace amounts; hence, regarded as tracer element. B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni are such micronutrients required in minute amounts by plants but inexorably play an eminent role in plant growth and development. Plant metabolism, nutrient regulation, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, production of carbohydrates, fruit and seed development, etc., are such effective functions performed by micronutrients. These tracer elements when present at adequate level, elevate the healthy growth in plant physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics while their deficiency promotes abnormal growth in plants. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency has become more common in recent years and the rate of their reduction has further been increased by the perpetual demands of modern crop cultivars. Micronutrients in crop production are important and they deserve equal attention similar to that of macronutrients.
SALT TOLERANCE IMPROVEMENT OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS THROUGH SEED PRIMINGSamar Biswas
Salinity is one the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in germinating seeds. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand establishment under salt conditions. One of the most frequently utilized is seed priming. The process of seed priming involves prior exposure to an abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates the pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for radicle protrusion. It increases the antioxidant system activity and the repair of membranes. These changes promote seed vigor during germination and emergence under salinity stress. There are different type of priming techniques for seed treatment, i.e. hydropriming, halopriming, osmopriming and hormonal priming. Seed priming increases seedling vigour of several horticultural crops. Tomato, cucumber, French marigold, amaranth and hot peper etc. were tested for seed priming at seedling stage and show better result than nonprime seed against salt stress condition. The priming techniques improved seedling vigour, growth and yield of horticultural crops.
Production and Application of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria as Biofertilize...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Soil microorganism plays an important role in regulating the levels of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur at the rhizosphere. Solubilization of macronutrient is an important aspect in plant growth and development research. Phosphorus is one of the vital nutrient required for optimum growth of plant. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) plays an important role in increasing the phosphate uptake by the plants. Pikovskaya medium containing TCP or tricalcium phosphate helps in isolation of PSB from soil sample. Isolated strains were tested and screened by Halo zone formation and pH test. The selected strains showing marked decrease in pH and clear zone formation was selected for field trial. The objective of this study was to ascertain that PSBs isolated from the soil sample can be used as biofertilizer. Application of PSBs with a carrier mixed with maize seeds in the field of study and compared against a control field and against commercially available fertilizer showed that PSBs can improve the quality of soil and in turn improved the growth and development of the plants.
Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi accelerates the growth of shoot r...UniversitasGadjahMada
Shoot roots are second type of root, which emerge from the base of the new shoots, 5-7 days after planting. The shoot roots growth on single bud chips seedling is critical for further growth in dry land. The objectives of this study were to examine shoot root growth using different doses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum on five clones of sugarcane and to ascertain their effect on seedling biomass weight. The highest and lowest temperatures on the research site were 32º and 18 ºC, in tropical monsoon climate. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) in 4x5 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments were: four doses of AMF inoculum (0, 1, 2, 3 g/bud chips) on five clones with single bud chips seedling (PS864, KK, PS881, BL, and VMC). The evaluated parameters were root colonization affected by doses of AMF inoculum, number of shoot roots, surface area of shoot and total roots, root length, biomass seedling, and P leaf concentration affected by doses of AMF inoculum. AMF inoculum doses of 2 and 3 g of inoculum/bud chips resulted in the speed and extent root colonization at 5 days after inoculation on all five sugarcane clones. The clones exhibited 57-100 % accelerated emergence of shoot roots (i.e. the second roots formed), increased total root length, total root surface area especially on BL, VMC, and P leaf concentration. Application of 2-3 inoculum/bud of AMF inoculum significantly increased shoot roots growth i.e. root length, root surface area, and number of shoot roots.
Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in the market.
Plant height, flowering, yield and quality including alternate bearing can be overcome by various horticultural practices like pruning, thinning of fruits, use of chemicals like Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of Paclobutrazol is commonly practiced by the horticultural growers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
“Seed priming is a controlled hydration technique in which seeds are soaked in water or low osmotic potential solution to a point where germination related metabolic activities begin in the seeds but radical emergence does not occur.”
Seed quality enhancement techniques and biofortification in rice siddusingadi
Introduction
General scenario of rice
Invigoration techniques
Seed Hardening
Seed bio-priming
Seed coating treatments
Factors affecting priming
Biofotification
Gaps in seed priming research
Future areas to be researched
Conclusion
Biofertilizers are living microbes that enhance plant nutrition by either by mobilizing or increasing nutrient availability in soils. Various microbial taxa including beneficial bacteria and fungi are currently used as biofertilizers, as they successfully colonize the rhizosphere, rhizoplane or root interior.
Influence of media and bio regulators on rooting of pomegranateAbdul Hakim Salehi
Seminar on Influence of Media and Bio regulators on rooting of Pomegranate. presented by Abdul Hakim Salehi
Sr. MSc. (Hort) Fruit science Department
College of Horticulture Bengaluru
University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot
Influence of amino acids, bleed grape and seaweed extract on vegetative growt...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— This study was conducted during the growing season of 2016 in a private orchard at AL-Abbasyia , Najaf Governorate on the local fig cv. Aswod Diala. The trees were spraying with amino acids (Amister and Gusto) at concentrations of 500 mg / L each other, Bleed of grape 100% and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum at concentrations of 4% in single way or in combination at 15 march and 15 May,2016. Results showed that spraying with amino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extract treatments and their interactions caused a significant increase percentage of leaf area ,total chlorophyll, length of shoots , percentage of carbohydrate in branches , percentage of nitrogen in branches , percentage of carbohydrate / nitrogen in branches , percentage of nitrogen in leaves, percentage of phosphor in leaves, percentage of potassium in leaves ,diameter of fruit , length of fruit , weight of fruit , percentage humidity of fruit , percentage dray matter of fruit, number of days to ripening , percentage of total soluble sold , fruit firmness and total yield of trees compared with control treatment. There were significant differences between above mentioned treatments. The Bleed of grape was more effective than amino acids(Amister and Gusto) and seaweed in that respect , but the combination of amino acids(Amister and Gusto) , Bleed of grape and seaweed gave the best results in the treatment (Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs) for the season of experiment.
Mutagenic Action of Sodium Azide on Germination and Emergence in Landraces of...IOSRJAVS
Phaseolus vulgaris (Common beans) landraces are one of the most cultivated legumes for human consumption on the montaneclimate of the Jos Plateau and is renowned for the production of reasonable quantities of the beans in Africa.Common beans is rich in fiber, micronutrients, minerals and has strong medicinal value. Despite its potential for improving nutrition and poverty reduction, it is highly under-utilized and research efforts to improve the genotypes of the plant found in this area for better productivity are few. A study was thus carried out to access the germination and emergence responses of three landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris (pinto, red kidney and navy) after treatment with sodium azide. Four doses of sodium azide were applied in concentrations of 0.1M, 0.04M, 0.03M and 0.02M for each landrace for both germination and emergence experiments. The results showed that at doses 0.02M and 0.03M, the pinto indicated significantly (p<0.05) higher mean germination which surpassed the control. All sodium azide doses in the red kidney and pinto had reduced mean germination. Sodium azide reduced the mean emergence of pinto, red kidney and navy at all the doses of sodium azide. The lethality of sodium azide was highest in navy and lowest in pinto. The decrease in germination and emergence was not dose related especially in red kidney and navy. The best response to the mutagen was observed in pinto with higher germination and the least percentage lethality. Sodium azide effectiveness and efficiency were strongest at the 0.1M dose of the mutagen.
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients [boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl)] NIckel (Ni
ROLE OF MICRO NUTRIENTS IN FIELD CROPS.pptxVikramPaul15
Micronutrients are abundantly present in the soil but plants usually acquire them in relatively trace amounts; hence, regarded as tracer element. B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni are such micronutrients required in minute amounts by plants but inexorably play an eminent role in plant growth and development. Plant metabolism, nutrient regulation, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, production of carbohydrates, fruit and seed development, etc., are such effective functions performed by micronutrients. These tracer elements when present at adequate level, elevate the healthy growth in plant physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics while their deficiency promotes abnormal growth in plants. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency has become more common in recent years and the rate of their reduction has further been increased by the perpetual demands of modern crop cultivars. Micronutrients in crop production are important and they deserve equal attention similar to that of macronutrients.
Micronutrient and their diverse role in vegetable crops: advances and future ...Agnivesh Yadav
The importance of micronutrients in agriculture is truly well recognized and their uses have significantly contributed to the increased productivity of several crops.
Micronutrients: role and management in fruit crops (2nd doctoral seminar:Panc...Panchaal Bhattacharjee
Micronutrient deficiency is a key isssue to be addressed for sustainable fruit crop production. Here individual micronutrients are discussed in details regarding their role and mangement in fruit crops.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on the Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Soybean ...Premier Publishers
An investigation was carried out at Kogi State University Student Research and Demonstration farm Anyigba during the 2019 wet season to observe the effect of phosphorus and zinc on the growth, nodulation and yield of soybean. The treatments comprised three levels: phosphorus and zinc (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha; 0, 5 and 10kg Zn/ha) and two varieties TGX 536 – 02D and Samsoy 2. The investigation revealed that application of phosphorus affected growth, nodulation, yield and some yield components of soybean while zinc application, apart from the plant height, which is reduced significantly, had no significant effect on other growth characters, nodulation, yield and yield components. However, it was generally found to decrease most of the characters. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha gave the highest growth and yield, while 30 kg P2O5/ha gave the highest nodulation. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased yield to 1.9t/ha, which was significantly higher over the control plots, which gave 1.7t/ha. Crude protein and oil contents of the seeds were not significantly affected by phosphorus application but were significantly affected by zinc application, which significantly decreased protein content as its amount an increase from 0 to 10 kg/ha, and significantly increased oil content from 0 to 5kg/ha and decreased it below 5kg/ha. It was also revealed that the two varieties responded similarly to phosphorus and zinc in terms of growth, grain yield and crude protein content of the seeds.
Effect of Zinc on yield & production of tomatoSazib akan
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the widespread and extensively used vegetables. It is grown as a perennial crop, but it is cultivated as an annual crop for commercial purpose. It is a good source of carotenoids, in particular lycopene and phenolic compounds, and lessen the risks of cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer, such as cancers of prostate, lung and stomach
The plants get sick too and the reasons behind this may be biotic or abiotic. There is a list of non-living factors making plants infected/diseased including A. Soil i- pH and ii-struce, B. Temperature i- extreme, ii-low, C. Moisture i-higher water content, ii- lower water content, D. Fertility i- nutrient excess, ii-nutrient deficiency.
Unveiling The Crucial Role Of Cobalt In PlantHimanshu Pandey
Cobalt is a transition metal located in the fourth row of the periodic table and is a neighbour of iron and nickel. It has been considered as an essential element for prokaryotes, human beings, and other mammals, but its essentiality for plants remains untouched. Co is essential for the growth of many lower plants, such as marine algal species as well as for higher plants in the family Fabaceae or _Leguminosae.
The essentiality to leguminous plants is attributed to its role in nitrogen (N) fixation by symbiotic microbes, primarily rhizobia. Co is an integral component of cobalamin or vitamin B12, which is required by several enzymes involved in N2 fixation. In addition to symbiosis, a group of N2 fixing bacteria known as diazotrophs is able to situate in plant tissue as endophytes or closely associated with roots of plants including economically important crops. Their action in N2 fixation provides crops with the macronutrient of N. Co are a component of several enzymes and proteins, participating in plant metabolism. Plants may exhibit Co deficiency if there is a severe limitation in Co supply. Conversely, Co is toxic to plants at higher concentrations. High levels of Co result in pale-colored leaves, discolored veins, and the loss of leaves and can also cause iron deficiency in plants.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Role of micronutrients in seed crops
1. Role of micronutrients in seed
crops
Doctoral seminar – I
Presented by:-
Ankit Moharana
02SST/PhD./17
2. • Elemental minerals that are needed by plants in
minute amounts but are still essential for healthy
growth and development. Micronutrients include
Zn,B,Fe,Mo,Mn,Cu,Cl,Ni
3. Analysis of soil and plant samples has indicated that 49% of soils
in India are potentially deficient in Zn, 12% in Fe, 5% in Mn, 3%
in copper (Cu), 33% in boron (B) and 11% in molybdenum (Mo).
Source:- Micronutrient deficiencies in crops and soils in India.
Maha V. Singh, Feb 2008 .
4. Major Sources of Seven Micronutrients, and Usual Content of These Nutrients in
Soils, and in Harvested Crops
Deficiency, Normal, and Critical Toxicity Levels of Micronutrient Elements in Plants
6. Micronutrient deficiencies are normally associated with one or
more of the following five situations:
1. Highly weathered soils
2. Coarse-textured soils
3. High pH soils
4. Organic/muck soils
5. Soils that are low in organic matter because erosion or
land-shaping processes have removed the topsoil.
If one or of these situations applies and soil test levels and/or plant
tissue levels are low, evaluation of micronutrient fertilizers is
recommended.
7. Micronutrient deficiency in plants ultimately leads to:-
• Affect the reproductive growth in crops and poor seed
setting.
• Decrease or affect the seed yield and yield attributing
characters
• Anti-nutritional factor (for example increase in phytate
content) due to low availability of micronutrient (like zinc
or iron).
• Affect the morphological growth parameters.
8. BORON
• Boron is essential for pollination and reproduction, cell division,
and the transport of sugars.
• SYMPTOMS:-
• Young leaves look yellow and thick when the nutrient is lacking,
internodes are shorter.
• Drop of buds, flowers and developing fruits is also typical
symptoms.
9.
10. Boron (B) deficiency is a common occurrence on alfalfa. Characteristic
symptoms of the deficiency are yellowing of the upper leaves, eventually
turning to a purpling color, along with stunting of the upper stems. If B
deficiency has previously been observed, it will likely occur whenever
alfalfa is grown in that field unless B is applied on an annual basis.
Correction measures – Foliar application
Adequate boron nutrition is critical for high
quality vegetable crops following times: prior to
heading of cole crops, prior to root swell in root
crops, and at first bloom for tomatoes and okra.
11. MANGANESE
• Manganese is important in chlorophyll formation. It is part of enzymes
involved in respiration and nitrogen metabolism
Symptom:-
• Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, no sharp distinction between vein
and interveinal areas.
• Development of interveinal white streaks in wheat.
Manganese deficiency (stunted plants with green veins in yellow or
whitish leaves) is common on high pH (alkaline) sandy soils, especially
during cool, wet weather in late May and June.
Suggested treatment is to spray either manganese sulfate or a
manganese chelate complex onto the leaves soon after the symptoms
first appear. Broadcast soil applications of Mn are often ineffective
because the Mn becomes unavailable.
12.
13. IRON
Iron is important in chlorophyll formation and is
component of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, respiration,
and nitrogen fixation.
Symptoms:-
-Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves.
-Twig dieback.
-In severe cases, death of entire limbs or plants.
14.
15. MOLYBDENUM
• Molybdenum is part of enzymes involved in nitrogen
metabolism. It aids nitrogen fixation and protein synthesis.
• Symptoms :-
• yellow older leaves and growth is stunted.
• Marginal scorching and cupping or rolling of leaves.
• Veins remain green producing a mottled
appearance.
16.
17. ZINC
• Zinc is important in chlorophyll, auxin, and starch formation,
and it is part of the enzymes that are involved in respiration.
• Symptoms:-
• Reduced fruit bud formation.
• Diebackof twigs after the first year.
• Striping or banding on corn leaves.
• Shortening of internodes.
18. Zinc deficiency in corn is exhibited on the upper leaves as
interveinal chlorosis. The veins, midrib and leaf margin
remain green. As the deficiency intensifies “feather like”
bands develop on either side of the midrib and the leaves
may turn almost white (hence the term “white bud” was
coined to describe Zn deficient corn plants); internodes are
short resulting in stunted plants.
19.
20. CHLORINE
Chlorine is involved in light reactions of
photosynthesis. It aids root and shoot growth.
Deficiency:-
Wilting followed by chlorosis.
Bronzing of leaves.
Excessive branching of lateral roots.
Chlorosis and necrosis in tomatoes and barley.
21.
22. COPPER
• Copper regulates several chemical processes
including chlorophyll synthesis and respiration.
• SYMPTOMS:-
• Yellowing of leaves with the younger leaves
affected first.
• Bark of tree is rough and blistered.
• Stunted growth,flowering and fruiting may fail to
develop in annual plants.
23.
24. Effect of boron on reproductive
growth and seed setting of rice
Boron nutrition in rice. a Adequate boron. b, c Boron deficiency
(interveinal chlorosis and necrotic spots). d Boron toxicity
25. • Boron (B), a non-metal micronutrient, is essential for normal growth and
development of plants, including rice (Gupta 1979; Dunn et al. 2005). Boron
deficiency reduce crop yield, impair grain quality and increase the susceptibility
of crops to disease( Goldbach et al. 2007).
Boron helps in calcium utilization, cell division, flowering/reproductive
phase, water relations, disease resistance, and nitrogen (N) metabolism
(Sprague 1951; Goldbach et al. 2007; Ahmad et al. 2009).
Boron deficiency in rice induces panicle sterility due to poor pollen and
anther development and failed pollen germination (Yang et al. 1999) which
reduces the number of grains per panicle and therefore, grain yield
(Nieuwenhuis et al. 2000; Gowri 2005).
B deficiency in rice not only reduces paddy yield but also damages grain
quality (Rashid et al. 2004, 2007)
That is B deficiency in field crops is considered to reduce grain set more
than vegetative growth. In fact, in rice, B deficiency reduced straw
biomass production more than paddy yield (Rashid et al. 2002a, 2007).
26. • Samanta et al.2017 carried out a study on effect of micronutrient
on yield and yield attributes of hybrid rice under boro cultivation in
lower gangetic alluvial zone at Agricultural Experimental Farm of
Calcutta University
T1- NPK (120:60:60)
T2- NPK (40/120:60:60)+ ZnSO4(25kg/ha)
T3- NPK (40/120:60:60) + Ammonium molybdate 0.2%
T4- NPK (40/120:60:60) +Di-sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate 0.2%
T5- NPK (40/120 : 60 : 60) +ZnSO4+ Ammonium molybdate
T6-NPK (40/120:60:60) +ZnSO4 + Di-sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate
T7-NPK(40/120:60:60)+Ammonium molybdate+Di-sodium-
tetrahydrateoctaborate
T8- NPK (40/120:60:60) + ZnSO4 + Ammonium molybdate + Di-sodium-
tetrahydrateocta-borate
NPK (40/120:60:60) + ZnSO4 + Ammonium molybdate + Di-sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate as
foliar application at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage respectively.
27. Grain yield (6.54 t/ha) , total no. of grains panicle-1 (120.33) and test weight (22.67g)
were increased due to NPK (40/120:60:60) +ZnSO4+ Ammonium molybdate + Di-
sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate at active tillering stage.
TREATME
NTS
Grain
yield(t/ha)
No. of
Panicle
(m-1)
total grains
(No/panicle)
Test weight
(g/1000
grains)
T1 5.05 266.67 110.00 21.44
T2 5.23 280.00 110.67 21.14
T3 5.42 280.00 120 21.94
T4 5.44 293.33 118 21.83
T5 5.77 303.66 123 22.48
T6 6.18 320.00 116 22.67
T7 6.40 320.00 117 22.29
T8 6.54 346.66 120.33 22.67
CD 0.05 1.05 32.77 6.71 0.75
28. • Kawade et al.2018 carried out a experiment to study the response of
hybrid sunflower to micronutrient in kharif season at the Experimental
Farm of Agronomy Section, College of Agriculture, Latur
Treatments Seed Yield (kg/ha) Oil yield (kg/ha) Protein yield(kg/ha)
T1-RDF(90:45:45) NPK kg/ha 1258 417 198
T2-RDF+ZnSO4(10 kg/ha) 1392 470 244
T3-RDF+ZnSO4(20 kg/ha 1524 518 280
T4-RDF+ZnSO4(30 kg/ha) 1587 551 311
T5-RDF+FeSO4(10 kg/ha) 1408 469 245
T6-RDF+FeSO4(20kg/ha) 1451 485 265
T7-RDF+FeSO4(30 kg/ha) 1561 534 302
T8-RDF+Borax(2 kg/ha) 1313 436 213
T9-RDF+Borax(3.5 kg/ha) 1508 510 275
T10-RDF+Borax(5 kg/ha) 1644 575 312
CD @5 % VALUE 232 83 47
29. • Nadergoli et al. carried out a study on Effect of Zinc and Manganese and
their application method on yield and yield components of Common bean
during growing seasons of 2008-2009 in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz
branch, Iran.
The manure sources involved zinc sulphate and
manganese sulphate that contained 36% pure zinc and
32% pure manganese respectively.
b1: Control, b2: Soil application, b3: Foliar application at shooting stage,
b4: Foliar application at flowering stage, b5: Foliar application at podding
stage, b6: Foliar application at shooting and flowering stages, b7: Foliar
application at shooting and podding stages, b8: Foliar application at
flowering and podding stages,b9: Foliar application at shooting, flowering
and podding stages
30. Method and
stages
No of
pod/plant
No of
seed/pod
Yield (g/m2) Harvest
index
b1 6.150 22.62 148.6 54.79
b2 6.128 23.88 168.1 57.12
b3 6.622 24.32 172.5 59.05
b4 7.483 24.14 201.0 60.89
b5 7.466 28.17 198.5 59.01
b6 7.827 27.85 208.5 50.10
b7 7.628 28.21 221.1 59.79
b8 7.822 25.97 211.0 58.53
b9 8.944 32.74 260.2 62.29
Results showed that the highest number of seeds per pods, number of pods per
plant, yield and harvest index were obtained by foliar application at shooting,
flowering and podding stages, respectively.
31. • Ramgiry et al. carried out an experiment during 2016-17 to study
the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients to enhance seed yield
and quality in chilli.
Treatment
sym
Treatment Plant ht (cm) Seed
yield(q/ha)
Germination
(%)
SVI I SVI II
T1 Control 81.1 2.61 71.97 752.05 106.51
T2 FeSO4(0.2%) 67.59 2.63 71.53 704.60 79.40
T3 Ca(NO3)2-
0.2%
75.30 1.97 69.13 491.49 43.55
T4 Boron-0.1% 72.20 2.22 71.08 525.28 54.73
T5 Mixture of all 70.14 3.00 73.30 781.41 117.29
T6 T5-FeSO4 65.17 3.13 77.07 631.23 134.88
T7 T5-Ca(NO3)2 66.39 3.93 81.53 911.15 207.90
T8 T5-boron 64.18 3.64 80.21 731.32 197.31
CD(P=0.05) 7.57 0.73 5.49 51.38 9.75
T1- Control, T2- FeSO4 (0.2%), T3-Ca(NO3)2 (0.2%), T4- Boron (0.1 %), T5- Mixture of all, T6- T5
without FeSO4 (0.2%), T7- T5 without Ca(NO3)2 (0.2%), and T8- T5 without Boron (0.1 %)
32. Heidarian et al. Carried out an experiment Investigating Fe and Zn
foliar application on yield and its components of soybean at
different growth stages
Observations taken at 3 different stages (10 leaf stage, beginning of
flowering and beginning of pod set). Sub plots were control, Zn 116
ppm , Fe 116 ppm and combination of Zn+Fe.
Treatment Seed yield
(t/ha)
Pod
no/plant
Seeds/pod 1000 grain
wt(g)
Control 6.66 24.23 1.68 144.4
Zn 7.42 35.97 2.16 167.3
Fe 8.33 31.31 2.23 178.2
Zn+Fe 15.75 36.36 2.17 200
33. Bahrani et al. 2014 carried out an experiment on effects of
micronutrients on seed yield and oil content of Brassica napus
Foliar application of micronutrient was done two times, at first when plants had 6 or 8
leaves and second treatment was applied when these had 10 or 12 leaves (early of
flowering stage). At maturity, 10 plants were taken randomly from each sub plot for
recording the morphological characteristics, yield components and grain yield.
Treatme
nts
No of
pod/pla
nt
No of
seed/pod
1000
kernel
wt(g)
Grain
yield
(kg/ha)
Oil(%)
Oil yield
(kg/ha)
0 80 17 2.83 880 19.1 176
2 83 19 3.17 1224 23.3 238
4 86 21 3.30 1532 25.7 268
Foliar application of Fe, Zn, Mn part per thousand .CD= P (0.05)
34. Muhmood et al. Carried out an experiment on Effect of boron on seedling
vigour and wheat yield.
Five treatments viz. recommended dose (RD) of NPK (control), RD of NPK +
0.5 kg ha-1 B, RD of NPK + 1.0 kg ha-1 B, RD of NPK + 1.5 kg ha-1 B and
RD of NPK + 2.0 kg ha-1 B were used.
Wheat grain yield (t/ha)
Treatment (Boron)
(kg/ha)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
0 3.92 4.29 4.87
0.5 3.97 4.30 4.99
1 4.06 4.70 5.06
1.5 4.21 4.53 5.11
2 4.42 4.83 5.28
LSD, p< 0.05 0.46 0.40 0.31
36. Pal et al.2018 carried out an experiment on Influence of Different Micronutrient on
Seed Viability and Vigour Parameters in Chilli Under Storage Condition .
T0-control, T1-Iron sulphate @ 0.1%, T2- Iron sulphate @ 0.5%, T3- Iron sulphate @ 1.0%,T4-
Copper sulphate @ 0.1%, T5- Copper sulphate @ 0.5%, and T6- Copper sulphate @ 1.0%, T7-
Zinc sulphate @ 0.1%, T8 Zinc sulphate @ 0.5%, and T9- Zinc sulphate @ 1.0%
Period of seed storage
Treatment Initial 3 MAS 6 MAS
P1 P2 P1 P2
T0 75 60 73 36 42
T1 86 85 85 79 70
T2 87 72 82 75 65
T3 69 75 81 76 64
T4 86 85 79 78 67
T5 83 84 83 77 66
T6 88 83 79 78 68
T7 87 90 88 74 70
T8 91 76 84 58 70
T9 93 92 89 80 73
CD at 5% 2.91 7.31 5.95 14.95
Effect on germination %
37. PERIOD OF STORAGE
Treatme
nt
Initial 3 MAS 6 MAS
P1 P2 P1 P2
SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II
T0 318.6 3.36 265.6 0.92 189.3 1.09 168 0.96 231.8 0.84
T1 430.6 2.64 467.4 1.7 394.5 1.29 486 1.58 401.6 1.74
T2 495.9 5.55 476 2.54 442.8 2.05 585.1 2.62 483.7 2.29
T3 361.8 1.71 368.7 1.89 368.4 1.62 460.1 0.765 170 0.98
T4 258 2.68 242.1 2.14 264.6 1.235 369.2 1.685 143.5 1.34
T5 224.2 2.08 251.4 2.035 228.4 1.25 173.3 1.93 158 1
T6 281.6 2.2 262.8 1.66 213.6 1.925 163.4 1.94 159.5 1.075
T7 483.7 1.74 412.8 2.24 413.6 1.32 462.2 1.49 412.3 1.32
T8 445.3 3.67 406.6 1.9 382.7 1.68 344 1.5 391.2 0.71
T9 347.5 1.86 437 2.3 352.1 1.33 381.3 1.99 190.2 1.83
CD at
5%
41.18 0.49 103.44 1.23 62.09 0.56 155.8 1.43
P1-polythene bag of 700 gauge and P2-paper bag.
38. Shruthi et al.2013 carried out an experiment on Effect of foliar
application of micronutrients On seed yield, quality and
storability in Soybean.
39.
40. Saranya et al.2017 carried out an experiment on Seed priming
studies for vigour enhancement in onion.
41. Effect of seed priming treatments on germination (%) in onion
42. CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Micronutrients though require in trace amounts but it is
as important as macronutrients in plant nutrient
management as it is helpful in proper growth and
development of plant. It is required for the vegetative
and reproductive growth of the plant and as well as
helpful in seed setting. Micronutrient functions directly
related to seed yield, grain yield, oil and protein yield,
seed germination enhancement, vigour enhancement,
storage period enhancement etc. as discussed in above
research findings. Micronutrient application also
enhance the uptake of nutrients like N,P,K and S.