This document provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for rice cultivation. It begins by defining IPM as an approach to maintain pest populations below economic injury levels while preserving natural enemies. It emphasizes monitoring fields through regular observation and record keeping to identify pest levels. The main sections outline cultural, physical, mechanical, biological and chemical strategies that can be integrated as part of IPM, including tillage practices, use of tolerant varieties, light traps, hand picking, conservation of natural enemies like spiders and parasitic wasps, and selective use of chemicals only if other methods fail or exceed economic threshold levels.

1. INTEGRATED PESTS MANAGEMENT
FOR RICE CULTIVATION

2. INDEX
 What is IPM
 Why IPM
 On Which Lie – Monitoring
 How to IPM – Strategies of IPM
 Bibliography

3. WHAT IS IPM ?
o An important tool to maintain the pests population
those levels causing economic injury .
o Retain also the balance of food chain in agroecology
along with reduction of pest population .
o All available as well as possible meanses become
integrated here .
o Modern eco-friendly approach to save crops from
pests .

4. ON WHICH LIE ? - MONITORING
Principle of IPM is Monitoring –
 Field observation at 3 – 4days interval .
 Those record at 10 – 14days interval from
sowing to mid-tillering & weekly mid-tillering
onwards .
 As & when required ,observation through either
diagonal or zigzag walking .
 Walking start from a corner of field and always
in the early morning .
 25 hills thoroughly observe – 5hills at 5spots .

5. CONTD.
 Farmers should be persuaded for daily field visit
and to watch for pests and biocontrol agents .
 Observation must be recorded at each 5 - 10km
Distance
 At least 20 spots must be observed .
 Sweep nets and water-pans may also be used for
pests and biocontrol agents’ population
assesment .
 Light trap with 200w. Mercury lamp(2hrs) may
also be used .
 Pheromone trap - 5traps/Ha may be used .

6. STRATEGIES OF IPM
 Cultural :-
 Tillage
 Clean Seed
 Clean Culture
 Use of tolerant variety
 Irrigation
 Fertilization
 Crop Spacing
 Crop Rotation
 Intercropping
 Trap Crops
 Pruning & thining and Training
 Time of Sowing & Harvesting

7. CONTD.
 Physical :-
 Hot or Cold teratment
 Light/Pheromone Trap
 Bird Percher
 Moisture

8. CONTD.
 Mechanical :-
 Hand Picking
 Exclusion by Screens and Barries
 Trapping and Suction Devices

9. CONTD.
 Biological :-
Introduction, Conservation , augmentation and
inundation of natural enemies as follow -

10. Orb spider ; Long-jawed spider
Lynx spider ; Wolf(Lycosid) spider

11. CONTD.

12. Water Treader ; Water Strider

13. PARASITE WASP
Xanthopimla ; Charops sp.

14. CONTD.
Chemical :-
It may be taken up –
 Unless former another methods is not taken time
to time .
 Whereas , in spite of taking formers timely , they
bychance become failure
 exceptionally Disease management , because –
“Prevention is better than cure”

15. CONTD.
Concept of injury levels(ETL/EIL) are so
important to take up chemical measure -