The document discusses population growth trends in India from 1919 to 2011. Some key points: - India's population reached 250 million in 1919, 500 million in 1966, 1 billion in 2000, and 1.21 billion in 2011. - The population grew 5-fold in the last century and is projected to reach 1.8 billion by 2050, with 50% living in urban areas. - Urban population was 285 million in 2001, growing to 377 million in 2011, located across 7935 towns. - The document advocates for proper planning and development of villages to sustain India's growth, as villages currently house 69% of India's population and will continue to provide residence for a large population through 2050.

1. Jit Kumar Gupta
Former Director College of Architecture
IET Bhaddal
Jit.kumar1944@gmail.com

2.  Population of India reached
 250 million in 1919
 500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
 1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
 1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
 1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
 Last century recoded 5 fold increase in
population
 2050- Indian population --1800 million with
50% living in Urban India.
 Urban India- 285.39 million in 2001 (5161
towns)
 377 million in 2011- (7935 towns)
 Metropolitan Centres -- -53 (2011)
 10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9
(2051)

3. Urban Pop. Distribution(2011)377 m (31.1
%)- 7935 towns/cities
-Mega Cities with Pop > 10m - 4% of total pop
- Cities with Population 5-10m- 3%
- Cities with Population 1-5m- 6%
- Cities with Population 0.1-1m- 9%
- Cities with Population < 0.1 m- 9%
** Rural Pop Distribution(2011) 833 m ( 68.9%) ---
----6,40, 867 villages
---- Very large (>10k), large villages(>5k)-17%
-- Medium villages (2-5 k)— 24%
--- Small villages (1-2000) — 17%
------Hamlets (5 00-1000) — 8%
---- Small Hamlets(<5 00)— 3%
 Every 3rd Indian lives in cities/towns
 2 out of 3 Indian lives in villages.
 Every 6th Indian lives in large villages
 6 out of 10 ruralites live in large and medium
villages.

8.  Villages critical to India’s growth
 Housing majority of Indian population -69%
 Despite fall in share of population- villages to provide
residence in future to large population- more than 50% by
2050
 India has large number of Villages(6.4lakh) vs 0.08 lakh
towns/cities
 Provider of food/day to day/basic needs of human living
 Mainstay of industry and national economy
 Large contributor to Indian GDP

9. Opportunities
Weakness
 Rich natural resources
 Good Physical attributes
 Cultural strength
 Provider of food/basic human needs
 Provider of raw material for
industries
 Large population base
 Sustainer of economy
 Lack of infrastructure/services
 Poor accessibility
 Lower order of literacy
 Poor educational /healthcare facilities
 .High dependence on agriculture
 Poor housing
 Poor quality of life
 Areas of neglect
 Poor capacity to plan develop
 Poor financial health
 High degree of poverty
Strength
Threats--Neglect of rural areas
will lead to
-chaos, unemployment, poverty, poor
health, lower quality of life,
development paralysis, haphazard
/unplanned urban development, large
scale migration, neglect of
agriculture, food scarcity, decline of
industrial productivity, loss of large
rural market, growth of slums
•To make India economically vibrant
•To eradicate poverty
•To make growth of urban centres rational
•To provide gainful employment for all
•To promote economical/cost-effective
development
• improve connectivity between urban / rural areas
• promote operational efficiency of urban /rural
settlements

10.  Large population-69%
 High degree of Poverty ( 60% rural India lives on Rs 35 per day)
 Poor health
 Low level of literacy
 Low level of gainful employment
 Inadequate level of basic infrastructure /services /amenities- water
supply, sanitation, drainage, power, SWM
 Agriculture largely rainfed- low level of irrigation facilities
 Poor quality of housing
 Haphazard and unplanned development
 Low level of Healthcare and Educational facilities
 Poor quality of environment
 Poor accessibility to village/ urban markets
 Low order of rural industries
 High degree of in-debtedness

16. Villages have:
 Potential of providing simple/healthy/cost-effective living
 Leveraging national Economy
 Potential for providing gainful employment to more than
2/3rd work force
 Eradicating poverty- 365 million
 Providing quality of life to majority of Indians
 Promoting planned development in India
 Minimizing migration to urban areas
 Controlling unregulated population growth in urban areas
 Minimizing slums/houselessness in urban sector-ensurin
housing for all
 Taking care of majority of urban ills which have genesis in
rural neglect

17.  Critical for scripting growth and development of India
 In the words of Mahatma Gandhi- father of nation-
‘ India lives in villages . India will prosper if villages
prosper, India will perish if villages perish”
.
 Former President- Dr Kalam- gave the concept of
 PURA- ( Providing urban amenities in Rural areas)
 -to make villages usher of new era of India regeneration
 Villages , accordingly need to be planned, developed and
managed in a holistic manner to ensure appropriate
quality of life, employment and basic amenities of human
living

18. Village Planning should revolve around--:
 Preventing distress migration from rural to urban areas--
 Guarantying a decent standard of living.
 Providing basic amenities/facilities
 Making village a “hub”-- to attract resources for
development
 Providing easier, faster/ cheaper access to urban markets--
for remunerative price of agricultural produce/ marketable
commodities produced
 Economic empowerment
 Social empowerment -- engaging all sections of community
in the task of village development.
 Creating / sustaining a culture of cooperative living for
inclusive and rapid development.
 Improving Village environment/ Ecology
 Promoting Planned Development
 Making Village self-reliant , self-sustaining energy/resources
 Promoting integrated urban –rural growth

20. Globally--Most efficient cities adopted Regional perspective for :
---Integrating urban and rural settlements
-- minimising migration
--Making urban development more rational and sustainable
--promoting co-operation and collaboration;
- minimizing local competition and conflicts,
- infrastructure optimization between neighboring cities/rural
settlements,
-- preventing disasters,
-- promoting / protecting regional ecology / bio-diversity,
-- providing recreational activities
-- overcoming confusion over role / responsibilities of various agencies.
-- achieving integration and decentralized planning--
• Regional Planning optimizes regional resources by--
-- promoting synergies between rural and urban areas
-- connecting through a well defined settlement hierarchy
-- using developmental potential of each settlement
-- making them more sustainable
--with least consumption of resources and energy.

33. HUDCO--Concept of Model Village
Plan
HUDCO suggested following approach for planning a
model village –
-- adopting a convergence approach
--Integrated development
--good housing,
-- sustainable technology,
-- site specific functional planning,
-- user friendly and innovative designing
-- integrating supportive inputs including::
a. A simple, inexpensive and aesthetically pleasing
layout --with socio-cultural living habits of the
settlements respecting geo-climatic context
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34. b. Using locally available building materials and
cost effective substitutes for scarce building
material
c. Adopting “aided self-help” to ensure active
participation of the prospective allottees/ associations
in construction and development of dwelling units.
d. Physical planning to focus on conserving land
keeping in view environmental requirements.
e. Site to be made approachable and suitably
developed to avoid water logging/flooding.
f community facilitator-- school and health centers,
community center, Panchayat ghar and similar
facilities provided to develop a wholesome
community living,
Contd…
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35.  However, different planning, development strategies
would be required for planning differently situated
Villages
 Urban Villages- made integral part of urban planning and
development strategies with well defined planning
norms/standards- creating tourism potential
 Urbanisable Villages- Villages provided with all urban
facilities for easier future integration with urban areas-
through well defined norms/ planned development-
 Rural Villages—To be developed as villages with basic
amenities/infrastructure/ employment through producing
day to day goods needed for urban living- vegetables,
dairy products, fruits/ vegetables etc

36. Village Level
Planning-Khera Dona
Model Village Plan
-
36

37. 37

38. Different stages of developing Model
Village Plan
 Defining Objectives
 Plan Preparation
 Resources Mobilization
 Implementation & Execution
 Monitoring and Evaluation
 Ensuring sustainability
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39. Objective
Development of the village as a distinct entity equipped with
all basic/essential facilities to ensure quality of life even to
poorest of poor of residents, through the provision of --
- Safe drinking water
- Sanitation (underground sewage system along with
treatment plant)
- Medical Facilities
- Pavement of streets
- Street lighting
- Ponds
- Park/greenbelt
- Information Technology and Computer education
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40. Preparation of the Plan
For preparation of plan following methodology adopted to
conceptualize the objectives and prepare work plan for the
project.
1. Visiting the Village--Several visits made to
Village for interaction with community leaders i.e. the
sarpanch, panchayat members, village elders, school
teachers and opinion makers to gain first hand
information about the following aspects:
a. Demographic, socio-economic and cultural profile of
population of the village
b. The general topography and terrain of the area
c. The basic amenities available in/around the village
d. The problems and priorities of the village
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41. 2. Visiting well developed villages-- well developed
modern villages i.e Palahi near Phagwara and
Begowal near Doraha visited / studied to acquire first
hand knowledge about methodology adopted in
scripting success story of development of villages.
3. Detailed physical map --of target village Khera Dona
prepared with the help of trained staff for physically
identifying the critical areas in the village.-- to plan
physically different facilities and workout their cost.
4. Carrying out a pilot socio-economic survey of the
village conducted with the help of the preliminary
project schedule.
Contd..
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42. 5. Based on pilot survey- final project schedule
prepared along with a set of questionnaires for
conducting door to door socio-economic survey of
all the households in the village and the
surrounding farm houses of the village. Data about
following indicators collected.
– Demographic, Socio-economic and cultural
characteristics of the village
– Demographic, Socio-economic and cultural
characteristics of emigrant villagers of Khera
Dona
Contd…..
42

43. – Status of basic amenities and facilities
a) Sanitation;
b) Drinking water;
c) Medical facilities
– Educational facilities
– Power, Energy and Bio-gas Plants
– Housing facilities
– Provision for community hall/leisure hall and
other facilities
– Social forestry
– Sustainability of the created facilities /assets
43
Contd…..

44. 6. The relevant data collected collated, analysed and
evaluated vis-à-vis the socio-economic profile/amenities
available to the emigrants and permanent village residents
keeping in mind the caste divide among the rural
population.
7. Based on above data analysis of existing problems in
terms of infrastructure, service amenities and facilities
were assessed, identified and quantified.
8. Help of experts from different fields was sought to
evolve innovative approach to overcome the problems
identified above.
9. A preliminary cost estimate of providing various
amenities and facilities in the village was prepared and a
final budget estimate was prepared in the light of all the
inputs gathered.
Contd…..
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45. Critical requirements for the Implementation of
the Plan
1. Finances
a) from internal sources
b) from external sources
c) other sources
2. Execution Machinery and Trained Manpower
3. Socially Recognized organization by the village
community i.e. Village Panchayat/Village Vikas
Committee
4. Government machinery
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46. Sustainability
Sustainability of the created assets
considered crucial.
-- financial resources and
-- required manpower was suggested
--Reserved corpus fund
for maintenance/replacement was
suggested
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