Rocker arm
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1 - USE AND WORKING ROCKER ARM. A rocker arm (in the context of an internal combustion engine of automotive, marine, motorcycle and reciprocating aviation types) is an oscillating lever that conveys radial movement from the cam lobe into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it. One end is raised and lowered by a rotating lobe of the camshaft (either directly or via lifter and pushrod) while the other end acts on the valve stem. When the camshaft lobe raises the outside of the arm, the inside presses down on the valve stem, opening the valve. When the outside of the arm is permitted to return due to the camshafts rotation, the inside rises, allowing the valve spring to close the valve. For Ic engines the rocker arms are generally steel stampings, providing a reasonable balance of strength, weight and economical cost. Truck engines (mostly diesel) use stronger and stiffer rocker arms made of cast iron (usually ductile), or forged carbon steel. Because the rocker arms are, in part, reciprocating weight, excessive mass especially at the lever ends limits the engine's ability to reach high operating speeds. Many lightweight and high strength alloys, and bearing configurations for the fulcrum, have been used in an effort to increase the RPM limits for high performance applications, eventually lending the benefits of these race bred technologies to more high-end production vehicles.
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The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as a device that releases chemical energy from fuel inside the engine to perform mechanical work. It then classifies engines based on their design, operating cycle, and whether they are 4-stroke or 2-stroke. The document goes on to describe the constructional features of engines, including cylinders, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and flywheels. It provides diagrams of diesel and gasoline engine cycles.
Suspension and Chassis_Glossary
This document defines key terms related to vehicle suspension and chassis systems. It provides abbreviations and related concepts for terms like Ackerman, aerodynamic load, alignment, anti-roll bar, anti-dive, anti-lift, anti-squat, axle ratio, backspacing, balance, ball joint, and others. Definitions are concise and focus on the essential meaning and applications of each term as it relates to vehicle design and performance.
IC Engine parts
This document provides descriptions of the key parts of an internal combustion engine and their functions. It discusses components such as the cylinder barrel, piston rings, connecting rod, crankshaft, valves, camshaft, bearings, and propeller reduction gearing. The purpose of each part is explained concisely through bullet points highlighting their role in converting fuel combustion into rotational motion or controlling air/fuel/exhaust flow precisely through the engine.
Ship Construction - Rudder Theory
This document summarizes key aspects of rudder theory and design. It discusses how rudders generate force through pressure differences on each side, and how this force has both lift and drag components. It describes different types of rudders based on the position of the center of effort relative to the axis of rotation, including balanced, semi-balanced, and unbalanced rudders. It also discusses rudder construction materials, pintle bearings, and considerations for rudder stock sizing based on the type of rudder.
Unit i
This document classifies and describes various types of automobiles. It discusses classification based on purpose, capacity, fuel source, transmission type, number of wheels, and side of drive. It also describes the chassis and frame, types of frames, and requirements for different vehicle bodies. Finally, it provides an overview of key internal combustion engine components like the cylinder block, cylinder head, valves and valve train, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, camshafts, and crankshafts.
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The document summarizes various reciprocating engine components, including:
- The crankshaft which converts reciprocating motion to rotational motion to drive the propeller.
- Pistons made of aluminum alloy with rings to provide a seal in the cylinder.
- Connecting rods which link the piston to the crankshaft.
- The camshaft which uses lobes to open and close the valves via other components like lifters and pushrods.
Reciptengcomp3
The document summarizes key reciprocating engine components. It describes how the crankshaft converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotation to drive the propeller. It also discusses the cylinder head, barrels, valves and valve train including camshafts, lifters, pushrods and rocker arms that control airflow into and out of the cylinders. The crankcase houses and supports these components to transfer power from the pistons.
project paper
The document describes the design of a six-cylinder internal combustion engine. It includes summaries of the design and function of key engine components like the piston, engine block, crankshaft, valves cover, rocker arm, oil pan, intake manifold, exhaust manifold, engine valves, cylinder head, camshaft, air turbo, and air filter. CAD drawings were created using Solidworks to illustrate the engine structure and connection of parts. Calculations were performed to determine appropriate materials, forces, stresses, and ensure equilibrium during operation. An animation was created to simulate the designed engine.
Bearings and lubrication
This document discusses bearings and lubrication. It describes the main functions of bearings as supporting rotating shafts to transmit power and reduce friction. There are two main types of bearings: rolling contact bearings, which transfer load through rolling elements like balls and rollers; and journal or sleeve bearings, which transfer load through a thin film of lubricant. Key considerations in bearing selection include life, speed, load type, and accuracy requirements. Common bearing types are described like ball, roller, tapered, and thrust bearings. Proper lubrication and factors like bearing load and speed determine bearing life.
Parts bearings gearing
The document describes various engine parts, including their composition, function, and construction. It discusses cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, camshafts, valves, bearings, and propeller gearing. The key components work together to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotating motion that drives the propeller.
Screw jack
The document discusses screw jacks, which are mechanical devices that use a screw mechanism to convert rotational motion into linear motion to raise or lower loads. Screw jacks operate by turning a lead screw, and can be manually operated or powered. Common types include scissor jacks and bottle jacks. The document outlines the components, materials, manufacturing processes, and assembly of a typical screw jack, noting that frames are often made of cast iron while screws use hardened steel or bronze for nuts. Screw jacks provide mechanical advantage through their screw mechanisms to allow lifting of heavy loads with minimal effort.
Ship Rudder
This document discusses ship rudders, including:
- Rudders are fitted at the aft end of ships to provide directional control and derive benefit from increased water velocity from the propeller.
- There are three main types of rudders - balanced, unbalanced, and semi-balanced. Balanced rudders have a portion of blade area forward of the stock to reduce torque on the steering gear.
- Size, shape, and type of rudder is governed by the ship's stern shape, required rudder area, steering gear capacity, and service conditions.
- Special rudders like spade rudders, Flettner/Becker rudders, Borg
turbine and its construction
All about the turbine, WHAT IS A TURBINE:-A turbine is a turbo machine with at least one moving part called a rotor
assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the
blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.
WHY TURBINE IS USED? , turbine introduction, turbine components involved in turbine , working of turbine, DIFFERENT PARTS OF TURBINE, CASING:-mild steel , steel and molybdenum
steels , chromium steels.
, NOZZLE, ROTORS:-HP ROTOR
B) LP ROTOR
C) IP ROTOR.
, BLADES, FIXED BLADES, BEARINGS, CONTROL VALVE, CONCLUSION, turbine use , images of different components of turbine
Halderman ch032 lecture
The document discusses camshafts and valve trains. It describes how camshafts function to open valves using lobes, and can be driven by timing gears, chains, or belts. Camshafts are located either in the engine block or overhead, and are constructed of various hardened materials. Camshaft lobe lift determines the distance valves are opened. Timing chains or belts transmit power from the crankshaft to rotate the camshaft. Rocker arms amplify cam lobe movement to efficiently open valves.
Bearings.pdf
This document discusses bearings, including their classification, types, installation, selection, and life estimation. It covers:
- Classifying bearings as sliding or rolling based on contact type, and as radial, thrust, or combined based on load direction.
- Describing common rolling element bearings like ball bearings and different roller bearing types.
- Explaining how to properly install and arrange rolling element bearings on a shaft.
- Providing steps for selecting suitable rolling element bearings based on load requirements and life expectations using manufacturer tables and equations.
- Discussing factors that influence estimated bearing life like load, speed, and reliability calculations.
1.4 diesel engine moving components
The document summarizes the key components and functions of a piston, including its cylindrical shape, role in compressing air and transferring pressure to the crankshaft, and use of rings to seal the cylinder. It also describes piston design features like the crown, ring lands, skirt, and bosses.
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Rocker arm
- 2. ROCKER ARM.
- 3. USE AND WORKING ROCKER ARM. A rocker arm (in the context of an internal combustion engine of automotive, marine, motorcycle and reciprocating aviation types) is an oscillating lever that conveys radial movement from the cam lobe into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it. One end is raised and lowered by a rotating lobe of the camshaft (either directly or via lifter and pushrod) while the other end acts on the valve stem.
- 4. USE AND WORKING ROCKER ARM. When the camshaft lobe raises the outside of the arm, the inside presses down on the valve stem, opening the valve. When the outside of the arm is permitted to return due to the camshafts rotation, the inside rises, allowing the valve spring to close the valve.
- 5. USE AND WORKING ROCKER ARM.
- 6. ROCKER ARM. For Ic engines the rocker arms are generally steel stampings, providing a reasonable balance of strength, weight and economical cost. Truck engines (mostly diesel) use stronger and stiffer rocker arms made of cast iron (usually ductile), or forged carbon steel.
- 7. ROCKER ARM. Because the rocker arms are, in part, reciprocating weight, excessive mass especially at the lever ends limits the engine's ability to reach high operating speeds.
- 8. ROCKER ARM. Many lightweight and high strength alloys, and bearing configurations for the fulcrum, have been used in an effort to increase the RPM limits for high performance applications, eventually lending the benefits of these race bred technologies to more high- end production vehicles.
- 9. ASSEMBLY OF ROCKER ARM