Levers
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This document discusses levers in the body. It defines a lever as a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum. There are three types of lever systems - first, second, and third class - which differ based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, load/resistance, and effort. Bones act as levers in the body, with joints as fulcrums and muscles providing effort. A longer lever arm can increase force but decrease range of motion, while a shorter lever arm has the opposite effects. Examples of levers in the body and sports are also provided.
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Levers
1) Levers are rigid bars that rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum. They provide mechanical advantage by multiplying force.
2) There are three types of levers - type 1 has the fulcrum between the effort and load, type 2 has the effort between the fulcrum and load, and type 3 has the load between the fulcrum and effort.
3) The document provides an example calculation of the force (816.7 Newtons) required by the bicep muscle to lift a 70 Newton load 0.35 meters from the elbow joint, given the muscle is 0.03 meters from the joint.
Pulleys
This document discusses pulley systems and their uses in physiotherapy. It begins with definitions of pulleys and their components like blocks, tackles, ropes, and shells. It then explains different pulley combinations like gun tackles, luff tackles, and double tackles. Mechanical advantage is defined as the number of rope parts supporting the load. Fixed and movable pulleys are described. The document concludes by giving an example of a simple pulley system used to lift weights in physiotherapy, which has a mechanical advantage of 2.
Ppt Pulleys
Pulleys are grooved wheels that allow ropes, chains, or cables to run through them. There are three types of pulleys: fixed pulleys which do not increase force but change direction, movable pulleys which are attached at one end and do increase force, and block and tackle pulleys which use a combination of fixed and movable pulleys to further increase applied force.
Pulleys
There are three main types of pulleys: fixed pulleys, which change the direction of force but provide no mechanical advantage; movable pulleys, which reduce the force needed to lift a load by allowing the rope or cable to move through a wheel; and combined or double pulleys, which have at least two wheels and further decrease the effort required to move an object compared to a single movable pulley. Pulleys trade the amount of rope that needs to be pulled for how much weight can be lifted, providing mechanical advantage.
Levers notes
1. A lever is a rigid rod that rotates around a fulcrum to move a load using an applied effort force.
2. There are three classes of levers - first, second, and third - which are distinguished based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
3. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distances of the effort and load from the fulcrum, and determines whether the lever multiplies or reduces the applied effort. First and second class levers provide a mechanical advantage while third class levers provide a mechanical disadvantage.
Levers in Physiotherapy
1. A lever is a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum and is a simple machine that magnifies force and movement speed.
2. The three main components of a lever are the fulcrum, the effort arm where force is applied, and the resistance arm where the object to be moved is located.
3. There are three types of levers - first class levers have the fulcrum between the effort and resistance arms, second class levers have the resistance arm between the fulcrum and effort arm, and third class levers have the effort arm between the fulcrum and resistance arm.
Levers
A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rod or bar that rests on and rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum. Applying force at one end of the lever allows a load to be lifted at the other end with less effort. There are three classes of levers - first class has the fulcrum between the effort and load, second class has the load between the effort and fulcrum, and third class has the effort between the fulcrum and load. Levers are used in machines like catapults and are also found in the human body at joints.
Pulleys and springs
A pulley is a simple machine that uses a grooved wheel and rope to change the direction or multiply the force needed to lift a load. There are two main types: fixed pulleys, which alter the direction of force but not the amount of effort needed, and movable pulleys, which can halve the amount of effort needed. Compound pulley systems, which use both fixed and movable pulleys, can reduce the needed effort to less than half the load's weight. Springs are elastic objects that store potential energy when stretched or compressed and release it as kinetic energy when returning to their original shape. Springs can be connected in series, where the total spring constant is the sum of the individual constants, or parallel, where
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Levers
1) Levers are rigid bars that rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum. They provide mechanical advantage by multiplying force.
2) There are three types of levers - type 1 has the fulcrum between the effort and load, type 2 has the effort between the fulcrum and load, and type 3 has the load between the fulcrum and effort.
3) The document provides an example calculation of the force (816.7 Newtons) required by the bicep muscle to lift a 70 Newton load 0.35 meters from the elbow joint, given the muscle is 0.03 meters from the joint.
Pulleys
This document discusses pulley systems and their uses in physiotherapy. It begins with definitions of pulleys and their components like blocks, tackles, ropes, and shells. It then explains different pulley combinations like gun tackles, luff tackles, and double tackles. Mechanical advantage is defined as the number of rope parts supporting the load. Fixed and movable pulleys are described. The document concludes by giving an example of a simple pulley system used to lift weights in physiotherapy, which has a mechanical advantage of 2.
Ppt Pulleys
Pulleys are grooved wheels that allow ropes, chains, or cables to run through them. There are three types of pulleys: fixed pulleys which do not increase force but change direction, movable pulleys which are attached at one end and do increase force, and block and tackle pulleys which use a combination of fixed and movable pulleys to further increase applied force.
Pulleys
There are three main types of pulleys: fixed pulleys, which change the direction of force but provide no mechanical advantage; movable pulleys, which reduce the force needed to lift a load by allowing the rope or cable to move through a wheel; and combined or double pulleys, which have at least two wheels and further decrease the effort required to move an object compared to a single movable pulley. Pulleys trade the amount of rope that needs to be pulled for how much weight can be lifted, providing mechanical advantage.
Levers notes
1. A lever is a rigid rod that rotates around a fulcrum to move a load using an applied effort force.
2. There are three classes of levers - first, second, and third - which are distinguished based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
3. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distances of the effort and load from the fulcrum, and determines whether the lever multiplies or reduces the applied effort. First and second class levers provide a mechanical advantage while third class levers provide a mechanical disadvantage.
Levers in Physiotherapy
1. A lever is a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum and is a simple machine that magnifies force and movement speed.
2. The three main components of a lever are the fulcrum, the effort arm where force is applied, and the resistance arm where the object to be moved is located.
3. There are three types of levers - first class levers have the fulcrum between the effort and resistance arms, second class levers have the resistance arm between the fulcrum and effort arm, and third class levers have the effort arm between the fulcrum and resistance arm.
Levers
A lever is a simple machine that consists of a rod or bar that rests on and rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum. Applying force at one end of the lever allows a load to be lifted at the other end with less effort. There are three classes of levers - first class has the fulcrum between the effort and load, second class has the load between the effort and fulcrum, and third class has the effort between the fulcrum and load. Levers are used in machines like catapults and are also found in the human body at joints.
Pulleys and springs
A pulley is a simple machine that uses a grooved wheel and rope to change the direction or multiply the force needed to lift a load. There are two main types: fixed pulleys, which alter the direction of force but not the amount of effort needed, and movable pulleys, which can halve the amount of effort needed. Compound pulley systems, which use both fixed and movable pulleys, can reduce the needed effort to less than half the load's weight. Springs are elastic objects that store potential energy when stretched or compressed and release it as kinetic energy when returning to their original shape. Springs can be connected in series, where the total spring constant is the sum of the individual constants, or parallel, where
Torque
This document discusses torque, factors that affect torque such as force and distance from the axis of rotation, and calculating torque. It also covers the three classes of levers and calculating muscular torque. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating torque produced by objects on levers and muscular torque required to counteract torques on joints.
Bio-mechanics of the Elbow Joint
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of the elbow, including its structure, function, kinematics, muscle actions, and stability mechanisms. It describes the three joints that make up the elbow complex - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It details the motions of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination, identifying the muscles, ligaments, and bony structures involved in each motion. Common injuries to the elbow from direct stresses and repeated stresses are also summarized.
Springs presentation
Springs are used to resist or assist muscular forces and produce joint movement. A spring is a coil of wire that can be elongated when a force is applied to one end. The amount a spring stretches is directly proportional to the applied force. Springs are rated by weight in pounds based on the wire material, thickness, and coil diameter. When the applied force is removed, the spring returns to its original length through stored potential energy converting to kinetic energy. Springs arranged in parallel require double the force to stretch the same amount as one spring, while springs in series require half the force but stretch twice as far.
Lever and its types
The document defines a lever as a rigid bar that is used to overcome resistance by applying force to one side of a fulcrum. It describes the three main parts of a lever - the fulcrum, force arm, and load/resistance arm. There are three classes of levers - first class has the fulcrum between the force and load, second class has the load between the force and fulcrum, and third class has the force between the load and fulcrum. Examples are given for each class. The document also defines force as a push or pull that causes motion or changes an object's mechanical energy, and describes two types of forces - external forces that change a system's energy and internal forces
Basic electricity
The document discusses various topics related to electricity and electrotherapy. It defines electrotherapy as medical therapy using electric currents, also called electrotherapeutics. It then covers topics like atoms and ions, chemical bonds, insulators and conductors, static electricity, electric fields, electrical current, voltage, and resistance. Key points like Ohm's law relating current, voltage and resistance are also summarized.
ANATOMICAL PULLEYS.ppt
Anatomical pulleys in the hand redirect the pulling force of flexor tendons to provide precise control of finger movement. There are two types - annular pulleys, which are rings of connective tissue at the finger joints, and cruciate pulleys, which are smaller cross-shaped pulleys in between. Damage to the annular pulleys, especially the major A2 and A4 pulleys, can cause the tendon to be pulled away from the finger bone during movement, weakening grip. The pulley system enhances tendon power and allows normal range of motion in the fingers.
Muscle Levers.ppt
The document discusses levers as simple machines and as part of the human muscular system. It defines the basic parts of a lever - the lever, fulcrum, load, and effort. It then describes the three classes of levers, where the fulcrum, load, and effort are positioned relative to each other for first, second, and third class levers. Levers are used to make lifting weights easier by applying less effort.
Levers in Human Body ( Physiotherapy ) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Muscles and bones act together to form levers. A lever is a rigid rod (usually a length of bone) that turns about a pivot (usually a joint). Levers can be used so that a small force can move a much bigger force. This is called mechanical advantage.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
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Equilibrium and levers
This document defines equilibrium and describes the key terms and concepts related to equilibrium and levers. It provides definitions for equilibrium, force, net force, tension, weight, vector, scalar, torque, and couple. It describes the conditions for static and rotational equilibrium. It also discusses the different types of equilibrium including stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium. The document applies these concepts to levers in the human body and describes the classes of lever systems. It concludes by defining torque and the factors that affect torque such as distance, angle, and force.
Levers in human body
The document discusses levers in the human body. It defines levers as rigid bars that rotate around a fulcrum or axis. There are three classes of levers - first class has the fulcrum between the effort and resistance arms, second class has the resistance arm between the effort and fulcrum, and third class has the effort arm between the fulcrum and resistance. Examples of each class in the human body include the head lifting muscles using the atlas joint as a first class lever, the Achilles tendon acting as a second class lever, and the bicep muscle bending the elbow as a third class lever. Levers in the body allow for increased power, distance, speed, and precision of
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The cervical region of the spine provides both stability and mobility. It has the largest range of motion of any spinal region and allows for flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. Motions at each vertebral level are coupled and dictated by bone shape, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues. The cervical region transmits weight and stresses from the head through a combination of vertebral bodies, disks, and facet joints. Ligaments and muscles also provide stability and enable motion through their actions.
Levers
This presentation discusses levers and their application in physiotherapy. It begins with definitions of a lever as a rigid bar that can rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum. There are three orders of levers - first order has the fulcrum between the effort and weight, second order has the weight between the effort and fulcrum, and third order has the effort between the weight and fulcrum. Examples of each order are given from the human body. Mechanical advantage is explained as the ratio of weight to effort. Levers in the body allow movement through muscular contraction acting as effort at attachment points. Understanding levers informs strengthening exercises by adjusting resistance or leverage.
Group therapy
Group therapy involves treating a small group of patients with common disabilities together. The group setting provides opportunities to build endurance, increase performance speed, and gain confidence through encouragement from therapists and peers. Exercises are taught simultaneously but performed individually according to each patient's capacity with assistance from therapists. Advantages include learning responsibility, working with others, gaining treatment confidence and motivation from competition. The group approach also helps patients temporarily forget disabilities through games and objectives while saving therapists' time. Disadvantages can arise from faulty patient selection, inadequate explanations, overcrowding or poor therapist technique.
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Fluidotherapy is a heating modality that uses a stream of heated air to fluidize fine particles like corn cob inside a cabinet. This creates air pockets and bubbles that transmit heat and tactile stimulation to the body part inside. It works by convection to transfer heat from the circulating heated air and particles to increase blood flow and assist with pain relief. The fluidized particles allow limbs to float freely and exercise to be performed inside the cabinet. Research studies have found fluidotherapy may help reduce edema but is not effective for improving hand function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. It also does not provide as much rewarming for mild hypothermia as warm water immersion.
5 Active assisted Exercise.pdf
Active-assisted exercise involves moving a joint through its range of motion with some assistance provided by an outside force like a therapist or machine. This type of exercise is used when a patient has weak muscles, usually below a grade 3 on a manual muscle test. The assistance provided augments the patient's muscle contraction and is decreased as strength improves. Active-assisted exercise maintains muscle elasticity and contractility, provides sensory feedback, and trains coordination to help regain independence in activities of daily living. It should be done within a patient's pain-free range of motion and only provide as much help as needed for the movement.
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Electrotherapy uses low-frequency electric currents to stimulate the peripheral nervous system and control pain or cause muscle contraction. There are three main types of currents used: direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current. Direct current flows in one direction, alternating current changes direction continuously, and pulsed current consists of short bursts of current separated by intervals. The effects of electric currents depend on their characteristics like amplitude, frequency, pulse width, and rate of rise. Lower amplitudes preferentially stimulate sensory nerves while higher amplitudes can recruit motor nerves and cause muscle contraction or pain. Short pulse widths allow selective stimulation of motor and sensory fibers.
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Elasticity
This document discusses elasticity and different elastic materials used in physiotherapy. It defines elasticity as the property of an object to regain its original shape after being distorted by a force. Hooke's law states that strain is proportional to stress. Springs, rubber elastic, and sorbo rubber possess elasticity. Springs can be used individually, in parallel to have the same weight but lower resistance, or in series to have double the resistance but the same weight. Rubber elastic and sorbo rubber are also compressible and extensible materials useful for resistance in physiotherapy.
Equilibrium
This document discusses static equilibrium and concepts related to determining if an object is in equilibrium. It defines static equilibrium as a state of balance where the forces acting on an object are balanced, causing it to remain at rest. It also discusses the center of gravity and how to locate it for different shapes, as well as the three states of equilibrium - stable, unstable, and neutral. Factors that determine an object's stability like mass, center of gravity location, and base of support are also covered.
Lever
A lever is a simple machine consisting of a bar that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum. Levers multiply force and can change the direction of force. There are three classes of levers defined by the relative positions of the fulcrum, input force (effort), and output force (resistance). Archimedes mathematically formulated the mechanical advantage of levers and pulleys using gravitational phenomena. He is considered the first to discover and study levers and pulleys scientifically.
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Torque
This document discusses torque, factors that affect torque such as force and distance from the axis of rotation, and calculating torque. It also covers the three classes of levers and calculating muscular torque. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating torque produced by objects on levers and muscular torque required to counteract torques on joints.
Bio-mechanics of the Elbow Joint
This document provides an overview of biomechanics of the elbow, including its structure, function, kinematics, muscle actions, and stability mechanisms. It describes the three joints that make up the elbow complex - the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radioulnar joint. It details the motions of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination, identifying the muscles, ligaments, and bony structures involved in each motion. Common injuries to the elbow from direct stresses and repeated stresses are also summarized.
Springs presentation
Springs are used to resist or assist muscular forces and produce joint movement. A spring is a coil of wire that can be elongated when a force is applied to one end. The amount a spring stretches is directly proportional to the applied force. Springs are rated by weight in pounds based on the wire material, thickness, and coil diameter. When the applied force is removed, the spring returns to its original length through stored potential energy converting to kinetic energy. Springs arranged in parallel require double the force to stretch the same amount as one spring, while springs in series require half the force but stretch twice as far.
Lever and its types
The document defines a lever as a rigid bar that is used to overcome resistance by applying force to one side of a fulcrum. It describes the three main parts of a lever - the fulcrum, force arm, and load/resistance arm. There are three classes of levers - first class has the fulcrum between the force and load, second class has the load between the force and fulcrum, and third class has the force between the load and fulcrum. Examples are given for each class. The document also defines force as a push or pull that causes motion or changes an object's mechanical energy, and describes two types of forces - external forces that change a system's energy and internal forces
Basic electricity
The document discusses various topics related to electricity and electrotherapy. It defines electrotherapy as medical therapy using electric currents, also called electrotherapeutics. It then covers topics like atoms and ions, chemical bonds, insulators and conductors, static electricity, electric fields, electrical current, voltage, and resistance. Key points like Ohm's law relating current, voltage and resistance are also summarized.
ANATOMICAL PULLEYS.ppt
Anatomical pulleys in the hand redirect the pulling force of flexor tendons to provide precise control of finger movement. There are two types - annular pulleys, which are rings of connective tissue at the finger joints, and cruciate pulleys, which are smaller cross-shaped pulleys in between. Damage to the annular pulleys, especially the major A2 and A4 pulleys, can cause the tendon to be pulled away from the finger bone during movement, weakening grip. The pulley system enhances tendon power and allows normal range of motion in the fingers.
Muscle Levers.ppt
The document discusses levers as simple machines and as part of the human muscular system. It defines the basic parts of a lever - the lever, fulcrum, load, and effort. It then describes the three classes of levers, where the fulcrum, load, and effort are positioned relative to each other for first, second, and third class levers. Levers are used to make lifting weights easier by applying less effort.
Levers in Human Body ( Physiotherapy ) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Muscles and bones act together to form levers. A lever is a rigid rod (usually a length of bone) that turns about a pivot (usually a joint). Levers can be used so that a small force can move a much bigger force. This is called mechanical advantage.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Transformer bpt students in physiotherapy
The document discusses the transformer, including its basic principles, construction, and types. A transformer transfers electrical energy from one AC circuit to another by means of a changing magnetic field produced by an input current in its primary winding. This changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a secondary winding. The voltage can be increased or decreased depending on the relative number of turns in the primary and secondary windings. Transformers allow efficient transmission of power over long distances and stepping voltages up or down for use in homes and industry.
Equilibrium and levers
This document defines equilibrium and describes the key terms and concepts related to equilibrium and levers. It provides definitions for equilibrium, force, net force, tension, weight, vector, scalar, torque, and couple. It describes the conditions for static and rotational equilibrium. It also discusses the different types of equilibrium including stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium. The document applies these concepts to levers in the human body and describes the classes of lever systems. It concludes by defining torque and the factors that affect torque such as distance, angle, and force.
Levers in human body
The document discusses levers in the human body. It defines levers as rigid bars that rotate around a fulcrum or axis. There are three classes of levers - first class has the fulcrum between the effort and resistance arms, second class has the resistance arm between the effort and fulcrum, and third class has the effort arm between the fulcrum and resistance. Examples of each class in the human body include the head lifting muscles using the atlas joint as a first class lever, the Achilles tendon acting as a second class lever, and the bicep muscle bending the elbow as a third class lever. Levers in the body allow for increased power, distance, speed, and precision of
Function of cervical region
The cervical region of the spine provides both stability and mobility. It has the largest range of motion of any spinal region and allows for flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. Motions at each vertebral level are coupled and dictated by bone shape, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues. The cervical region transmits weight and stresses from the head through a combination of vertebral bodies, disks, and facet joints. Ligaments and muscles also provide stability and enable motion through their actions.
Levers
This presentation discusses levers and their application in physiotherapy. It begins with definitions of a lever as a rigid bar that can rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum. There are three orders of levers - first order has the fulcrum between the effort and weight, second order has the weight between the effort and fulcrum, and third order has the effort between the weight and fulcrum. Examples of each order are given from the human body. Mechanical advantage is explained as the ratio of weight to effort. Levers in the body allow movement through muscular contraction acting as effort at attachment points. Understanding levers informs strengthening exercises by adjusting resistance or leverage.
Group therapy
Group therapy involves treating a small group of patients with common disabilities together. The group setting provides opportunities to build endurance, increase performance speed, and gain confidence through encouragement from therapists and peers. Exercises are taught simultaneously but performed individually according to each patient's capacity with assistance from therapists. Advantages include learning responsibility, working with others, gaining treatment confidence and motivation from competition. The group approach also helps patients temporarily forget disabilities through games and objectives while saving therapists' time. Disadvantages can arise from faulty patient selection, inadequate explanations, overcrowding or poor therapist technique.
Fluidotherapy
Fluidotherapy is a heating modality that uses a stream of heated air to fluidize fine particles like corn cob inside a cabinet. This creates air pockets and bubbles that transmit heat and tactile stimulation to the body part inside. It works by convection to transfer heat from the circulating heated air and particles to increase blood flow and assist with pain relief. The fluidized particles allow limbs to float freely and exercise to be performed inside the cabinet. Research studies have found fluidotherapy may help reduce edema but is not effective for improving hand function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. It also does not provide as much rewarming for mild hypothermia as warm water immersion.
5 Active assisted Exercise.pdf
Active-assisted exercise involves moving a joint through its range of motion with some assistance provided by an outside force like a therapist or machine. This type of exercise is used when a patient has weak muscles, usually below a grade 3 on a manual muscle test. The assistance provided augments the patient's muscle contraction and is decreased as strength improves. Active-assisted exercise maintains muscle elasticity and contractility, provides sensory feedback, and trains coordination to help regain independence in activities of daily living. It should be done within a patient's pain-free range of motion and only provide as much help as needed for the movement.
Different types of low frequency currents.pdf
Electrotherapy uses low-frequency electric currents to stimulate the peripheral nervous system and control pain or cause muscle contraction. There are three main types of currents used: direct current, alternating current, and pulsed current. Direct current flows in one direction, alternating current changes direction continuously, and pulsed current consists of short bursts of current separated by intervals. The effects of electric currents depend on their characteristics like amplitude, frequency, pulse width, and rate of rise. Lower amplitudes preferentially stimulate sensory nerves while higher amplitudes can recruit motor nerves and cause muscle contraction or pain. Short pulse widths allow selective stimulation of motor and sensory fibers.
Force - Biomechanics
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
Watch other topics in http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Kinetic chain {kinematic chain}
The document discusses open and closed kinetic chain exercises. It defines an open kinetic chain as having a free distal segment, like in a knee extension where the lower leg can move freely. Open chain exercises isolate single joints with rotary motion in one plane. Closed kinetic chain exercises have both segments stationary, like in a squat where the feet don't move. Closed chain exercises work multiple joints simultaneously and produce linear motion patterns at joints from axial loading. Examples of both open and closed chain upper and lower body exercises are provided.
Elasticity
This document discusses elasticity and different elastic materials used in physiotherapy. It defines elasticity as the property of an object to regain its original shape after being distorted by a force. Hooke's law states that strain is proportional to stress. Springs, rubber elastic, and sorbo rubber possess elasticity. Springs can be used individually, in parallel to have the same weight but lower resistance, or in series to have double the resistance but the same weight. Rubber elastic and sorbo rubber are also compressible and extensible materials useful for resistance in physiotherapy.
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Levers in Human Body ( Physiotherapy ) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
Levers in Human Body ( Physiotherapy ) - Dr Rohit Bhaskar
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Lever
A lever is a simple machine consisting of a bar that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum. Levers multiply force and can change the direction of force. There are three classes of levers defined by the relative positions of the fulcrum, input force (effort), and output force (resistance). Archimedes mathematically formulated the mechanical advantage of levers and pulleys using gravitational phenomena. He is considered the first to discover and study levers and pulleys scientifically.
Levers, Wheels And Axles, Pulleys
The document discusses different types of simple machines including levers, wheels and axles, and pulleys. It describes the basic components and functions of each type. There are three classes of levers defined by the position of the fulcrum relative to the force and load. Wheels and axles make it easier to move objects by applying force further from the axle. Pulleys can be fixed, movable, or a block and tackle system, with more complex pulley setups providing increased mechanical advantage. Common examples of each simple machine are also given.
Lever and Its Types
Lever, simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that rotates about a fixed point, called a fulcrum. Levers affect the effort, or force, needed to do a certain amount of work, and are used to lift heavy objects. To move an object with a lever, force is applied to one end of the lever, and the object to be moved (referred to as the resistance or load) is usually located at the other end of the lever, with the fulcrum somewhere between the two. By varying the distances between the force and the fulcrum and between the load and the fulcrum, the amount of effort needed to move the load can be decreased, making the job easier.
Physicists classify the lever as one of the four simple machines used to do work. (The other three are the pulley, the wheel and axle, and the inclined plane.) Work is defined in physics as the result of a force, such as a person lifting, that moves an object over a distance. A common example of a lever is the seesaw. The human arm is also a lever, where the elbow is the fulcrum and the muscles apply the force.
Simple machine pulley
There are three types of pulleys: fixed pulleys, which change the direction of an applied force but do not move with the load; movable pulleys, which move along the rope together with the load and multiply the applied force without changing its direction; and block and tackle systems, which use a combination of fixed and movable pulleys to lift very heavy loads with increased force but at the cost of speed.
Levers ppt
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Levers
- 2. LEVERS ⢠A lever is a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point and is used to apply force against a resistance ⢠There are 3 lever systems, each containing a fulcrum, load/resistance/weight, and effort ⢠In the body the levers are the bones, the joints are the fulcrums, the muscles act as the effort, and the weight of the body part and anything being held by it, is the resistance
- 3. ⢠3 types of lever â1st class E F L â2nd class F L E â3rd class F E L
- 5. Examples within the body 1st class 2nd class 3rd class
- 6. Lengths of levers ⢠Bones are our bodies levers ⢠The longer the lever the greater the change in momentum ⢠This leads to an increase in speed at one end, leading to more force being produced therefore more speed ⢠can you think of sporting examples both within the body and also using equipment when the length of a lever improves performance through an increase or decease in momentum? â˘Tennis, rowing, golf, discus, cricketâŚ
- 7. Resistance arms and effort arms 3rd class levers: Fulcrum/pivot Effort arm Resistance arm L/R/W E Draw the other 2 classes of levers and identify the effort and resistance arms on each
- 8. Advantages and disadvantages of 2nd class levers DISADVANTAGES â˘Small range of movement because of short resistance arm â˘Known as âmechanical disadvantageâ â˘Resistance cannot be moved quickly because force is applied further away from the fulcrum ADVANTAGES â˘Effort arm is long so muscles able to provide lots of force â˘Known as âmechanical advantageâ
- 9. Advantages and disadvantages of 3rd class levers ADVANTAGES â˘Wide range of movement because of long resistance arm â˘Known as âmechanical advantageâ â˘Resistance can be moved quickly because force is applied close to the fulcrum DISADVANTAGES â˘effort arm is short so muscles unable to provide much force â˘Known as âmechanical disadvantageâ
- 10. In an exam ⢠Identify and name the lever system ⢠E.g write down 3rd class lever system ⢠Write in full all labels with directions ⢠Identify effort and resistance arms ⢠Give a sporting example