1. A robot is a machine that can perform complex human tasks through electrical and mechanical units and by being programmed by a computer. 2. The word "robot" was introduced in a 1920 play and the word "robotics" was coined accidentally by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov in 1942. Asimov also introduced the Three Laws of Robotics. 3. Robots consist of sensors to detect their environment, effectors to interact with it, actuators to move parts of the robot, controllers to operate it, and often arms and artificial intelligence capabilities. They are used for tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or difficult for humans.

1. DinukaW. Mendis
HND Computing & System Development
Batch 54 – 2014 ©

2. What is a robot?
A machine or a device consisting of electronic,
electrical, or mechanical units that capable of
performing a variety of often complex human
tasks on command or by being programed by a
computer.

3. Robotic history
 The word robot (“Drudge
worker”) was introduced to the
public by Czech writer Karel
Capek (1890 – 1938) in his
play R.U.R (Rossum’s
Universal Robots), published in
1920.

4.  The word “robotics” , used
to describe the study of
robot science, was coined
accidently by American
scientist and science fiction
writer, Isaac Asimov (1920
– 1992) .
Asimov is a professor in Biochemistry at Boston University. And
he introduced the “Isaac Asimov’s 3 laws” (1942).

5. Isaac Asimov’s 3 laws
1. A robot may not injure a human being or,
through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by
human beings, except where such orders
would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as
long as such protection does not conflict
with the First or Second Laws.

6. What are they made of?
Currently most industrial robots have at least following five
parts :
• Sensors
• Effectors
• Actuators
• Controllers
• Arms (common effectors),
Many other robots have A.I (Artificial
Intelligence), and effectors that helps it archive Mobility.

7. Sensors
A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in
quantities and provides a corresponding output, generally
as an electrical or optical signal.

8. Effectors
In robotics, an end effector is the device at the end of
a robotic arm, designed to interact with the environment.
The exact nature of this device depends on the application
of the robot.

9. Actuators
An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or
controlling a mechanism or system.
It is operated by a source of energy, typically electric
current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and
converts that energy into motion

10. Controllers
A controller is a device which takes one or more inputs and
adjusts its outputs so a connected device functions in a
controlled manner.

11. AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by
machines or software. It is an academic field of study which
generally studies the goal of emulating human-like intelligence.

12. Why we need robots?
Humans wanted a machine to rely on, because robots never get tired and help the
humans by different tasks all the time.

13. Types of robots
The most common types of robots are...
1. Mobile robots
Mobile robots have the capability to move around, and this kind of
robots are not attached to one physical location.

14. 2. Industrial robots
Industrial robots usually consist of a jointed arm and an end effector
(Gripper) that is attached to one physical location (fixed surface).

15. 3. Educational robot
Robots are used as educational assistants to teachers. Educational
robots can help children to learn about mathematics, physics,
programming and electronics.

16. 4. Modular robots
Modular robots (new breed of robots) designed to increase the
utilization of robots by modularizing their architecture. Functionality
and effectiveness is easier to increase.

17. 5.Collaborative robots
Cobot (collaborative robot) is a robot that can safely and effectively
interact with humans while performing simple tasks.

18. Robots in society
Currently Japan is the country with highest number of robots.
Robots
Japan
Europe
North America
Australasia
Africa
Other Countries

19. Advantages…
1. Robots produce more accurate and high quality work.
2. Robots rarely make mistakes and are more precise than human workers.
3. They can produce a greater quantity in a short amount of time.
4. They can work at a constant speed with no breaks, days off, or holiday time.
5. They can perform applications with more repeatability than humans.
6. Robots save workers from performing dangerous tasks.
7. They can work in hazardous conditions, such as poor lighting, toxic
chemicals, or tight spaces.
8. They are capable of lifting heavy loads without injury or tiring.
9. Robots increase worker safety by preventing accidents since humans are not
performing risky jobs.
10. Work cells provide safety features, separating the worker from harms way.
11. Robots save time by being able to produce a greater magnitude of products
12. They also reduce the amount of wasted material used due to their accuracy
13. Robots save companies money in the long run with quick ROIs (return on
investment), fewer worker injuries (reducing or eliminating worker’s
comp), and with using less materials.

20. Disadvantages…
1. People can lose jobs in factories.
2. It needs a supply of power .
3. It needs maintenance to keep it running.
4. No guarantee.
5. The initial investment to integrate automated robotics is high.
6. Lack of emotions.
7. They have limited duties as they will only do what is programmed and
cannot this for themselves.

21. Thank You!