This document is a summer internship project report submitted by Shubham Paliwal to the Department of Civil Engineering. It provides introductions and definitions related to bitumen and bituminous roads. It describes the different layers of a bituminous road, including the subgrade, sub-base, base, and wearing surface layers. It also discusses operations used in bituminous roads like seal coats, tack coats, and prime coats. References used in the project are listed at the end.

1. SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT
2015
Submitted to : Submitted by -
Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING NAME –SHUBHAM PALIWAL
ROLL No. 121000078
SECTION –B2

2. 1. Introduction to bitumen.
2. Introduction to bituminous road.
3. Definitions .
4. Bituminous road layer.
5. References .

3. Bitumen is a black or dark colored solid or viscous cementitious
substance having an adhesive properties.
It consists chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarbons derived
from distillation of petroleum or natural asphalt.
It is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product produced by removing
the lighter fractions (such as liquid petroleum gas, petrol and
diesel) from heavy crude oil during the refining process.
INTODUCTION TO BITUMEN

4. 
 Bitumen is often confused with tar. Although bitumen and coal tar are
similarly black and sticky, they are distinctly different substances in
origin, chemical composition and in their properties.
 ORIGIN- Asphalt material have been utilized since 3500 B.C .In
building and road construction. Their main uses have been as
adhesives and water proof agent .
INTODUCTION TO BITUMEN

5. 
Bituminous road is a road constructed by using bitumen. It is
also called flexible pavement because it changes its shape
according to nature of load and sub base.
A road or pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed
layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade,
whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle
loads to the subgrade.
The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of
acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable
light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution.
INTRODUCTION TO BITUMINOUS ROAD

6. 
Bitumen (asphalt) source

7. 
.

8. 
CONSTITUENTS OF BITUMEN MIX

9. 
BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

10. 
BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

11.  This type of pavement has four layers namely, sub grade (bottom most), sub
base, base and wearing surface (top most).
 Thickness of layer decreases normally from bottom to top.
1.(SUB GRADE LAYER)
 The SUBGRADE is the layer of naturally occurring material or the fill
material the road is built upon.
 Where the SUBGRADE is weak, i.e. a low CBR, it will be necessary to have a
CAPPING LAYER over the subgrade to increase the strength before the
actual road pavement thickness is designed.
BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

12.  This capping layer is usually a granular type material designed to
provide a working platform on which sub-base construction can
proceed with minimum interruption from wet weather.
 capping is also used to minimize the effect of a weak subgrade on
pavement strength.
2.SUB BASE LAYER
 This particular layer in ROAD PAVEMENT construction, is quite often
used to refer, some what misleadingly, to the material GRANULAR
SUB-BASE.
BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

13. I. The primary functions of sub base layer are Improve drainage ,
Minimise Frost action damage. ,Provide a working platform for
construction.
II. The material used in this layer -
Granular sub base ,Cement bound material.
3.ROAD BASE (BASE)
 The ROADBASE is the main load-bearing / load spreading layer in the
road structure and is usually 100mm. or more thick depending on the
loading of the traffic for which the road is designed.
ROAD LAYER

14. 
 Generally BASE layer is made of crushed slag, crushed stones and other
stabilized materials -Aggregates and Hot Mix Asphalt are usually used
in this layer.
 BINDER COURSE- This is the layer of material below the SURFACE
COURSE and above the ROADBASE.
 BASE COURSE (binder course) is most commonly a bituminous
material, and can be either HOT ROLLED ASPHALT or DENSE
BITUMEN MACADAM (asphalt concrete).
ROAD LAYER

15. 
The WEARING COURSE (surface course) is the top layer of the ROAD
PAVEMENT and is designed –
 To be impervious to the ingress(entering) of water.
 To be durable, and have a high resistance to skidding.
 To be chosen so as not to deform under the weight of traffic appropriate
to the road.
ROAD LAYER

16.  Seal Coat: It is a thin surface treatment used to water-proof the surface and to
provide skid resistance.
 Tack Coat: It is a very light application of asphalt, usually asphalt emulsion
diluted with water. It provides proper bonding between two layers of binder
course and must be thin, uniformly cover the entire surface, and set very fast.
 Prime Coat: It is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen to an absorbent
surface like granular bases on which binder layer is placed. Unlike tack coat,
prime coat penetrates into the layer below, plugs the voids, and forms a water
tight surface.
OPRATIONS

17. 
 Introduction to pavement design by Prof. Tom V. Mathew 2009-02-27.
Highway engineering by S.K.Khanna and Justo.
 Construction equipment and planning by Mohesh Verma.
 http://www.pavingexpert.com/subgrade.htm .
 AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures.
 Images -www.google.co.in.
REFERENCES

18. 
Thank you!