The document discusses different types of data and research methods used to collect data. It summarizes that there are two main types of data: primary data collected directly by researchers, and secondary data that has already been collected. It then outlines various methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Some key advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires and schedules are provided. Lastly, it notes some important considerations for using secondary data.

1. By: Mihir Pandya Monis Khan

2. Data are facts, figures, enumerations, charts or graphs which serve the basis of analysis. There are mainly two types of data 1.Primary data 2.Secondary data

3. Observation method: Structured – Unstructured observation Participative - Non participative Disguised – Undisguised Controlled – Uncontrolled

4. Enables to record natural behavior. More reliable.

5. Emotional Participation Problem of Observation Control Check on only current Scenario

6. Face to face interview Telephonic interview Computer assisted interviews (CAI)

7. “ A questionnaire is a pre formulated set of questions to which respondents record their answers.”

8. Questionnaires can be: Personally administered. Mail questionnaires: Covers large geographical area. Respondents can fill according to their convenience.

9. Merits: Low Cost Free from Interviewers Bias Adequate Time to Respond Accessibility More dependable and reliable results

10. Demerits: Low rate of return Depends on type of respondents No Control over the questionnaire Ambiguous or Omission of replies True & Fairness of Replies Slow Pace

11. Content Question formulation and wording. Type and forms of questions to be asked. Sequencing of questions. The personal data sought from respondents.

12. Questionnaires Schedules 1. Filled by Respondents 1. Filled by Research Workers 2. Cost Effective 2. Relatively Costlier 3. Response Rate is High 3. Response rate is Low 4. Identity of Respondents is not Essential 4. Identity of Research Worker 5. Very Low Pace 5. Comparatively in Time

13. Any data which has been gathered earlier by some one. One’s Primary data may be Secondary data for others. Secondary data may be published or unpublished.

14. Points to be borne in mind before using secondary data: Reliability of data Suitability of data Adequacy of data

15. Merits Cost effective Less time consuming Can be used for comparative analysis Demerits Less reliable Threat of data becoming obsolete

16. Q THAN