RISC - reduced instruction set computer
•
0 likes•106 views
This document discusses RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) microprocessors. It begins by introducing microprocessors and their classification based on data width and instruction set. It then focuses on RISC microprocessors, defining them as having a simple, customized set of instructions designed to minimize execution time. Examples of RISC are provided, and their advantages like simplicity, single clock cycle completion, and lower cost are outlined. Potential disadvantages around performance variability and needing fast memory are also noted.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Risc processors
This document discusses RISC processors and compares them to CISC processors. It covers the history of RISC, including the development of RISC concepts in the 1970s. The key differences between RISC and CISC are that RISC uses fixed-length instructions that perform in one clock cycle, while CISC has variable-length instructions that may take multiple cycles. The document also outlines RISC design principles like simple instructions, register-to-register operations, and large register sets. Examples of popular RISC architectures like MIPS, SPARC, and ARM are provided.
Processors used in System on chip
The document provides information about the CISC and RISC instruction set architectures. It discusses key characteristics of CISC such as using microcode, building rich instruction sets, and high-level instruction sets. Characteristics of RISC architectures include uniform instruction format, identical general purpose registers, and simple addressing modes. The document also compares CISC and RISC, discusses the von Neumann architecture and its bottleneck, and provides an overview of the Harvard architecture and soft processors. It provides details about IBM's PowerPC architecture and the PPC405Fx embedded processor.
Risc and cisc eugene clewlow
RISC and CISC architectures have converged over time as processors have advanced. Originally, CISC emphasized complex instructions that could access memory directly, while RISC used simpler instructions but more registers. Now, CISC chips employ techniques like pipelining and multi-instruction execution. Meanwhile, RISC chips have more complex instructions and hardware. The differences have blurred as both styles adopt each other's strategies using newer technologies.
Risc and cisc eugene clewlow
RISC and CISC architectures evolved from different philosophies but have converged over time. CISC aimed to optimize for simpler compilers by incorporating complex instructions while RISC focused on optimized hardware using reduced, uniform instruction sets. While CISC was better for early computers with slow memory, RISC emerged to improve performance. Advances now blur the lines as CISC uses pipelining and RISC supports more instructions, showing how the strategies have influenced each other in modern processors.
Risc and cisc eugene clewlow
RISC and CISC architectures evolved from different philosophies for optimizing computer performance given the constraints of early computing technologies. CISC emphasized complex instructions and efficient memory usage while RISC focused on simple instructions and fast execution. Over time, improvements blurred the lines as CISC adopted RISC techniques like pipelining and RISC grew more complex instructions. Modern processors integrate aspects of both to optimize performance for current software and hardware.
Risc and cisc
CISC and RISC are two approaches to CPU architecture. CISC uses a complex instruction set that can perform multiple operations in one instruction, aiming to reduce the number of instructions per program. However, this comes at the cost of more cycles per instruction. RISC uses a simplified instruction set but is able to achieve higher performance through pipelining and reducing cycles per instruction, even if it increases the number of instructions per program. Key differences are that CISC sacrifices cycles per instruction for fewer instructions, while RISC does the opposite. Examples given are Intel Pentium as CISC-based and PowerPC as RISC-based.
Risc and cisc
CISC and RISC are two approaches to CPU architecture. CISC uses a complex instruction set that can perform multiple operations in one instruction, aiming to reduce the number of instructions per program. However, this comes at the cost of more cycles per instruction. RISC uses a simplified instruction set but is able to achieve higher performance through pipelining and reducing cycles per instruction, even if it increases the number of instructions per program. Key differences are that CISC sacrifices cycles per instruction for fewer instructions, while RISC does the opposite. Examples given are Intel Pentium as CISC-based and PowerPC as RISC-based.
Unit I_MT2301.pdf
Fundamentals - Functions of ALU - Microprocessor - Microcontrollers – CISC and RISC – Types Microcontroller - 8051 Family - Architecture - Features and Specifications - Memory Organization - Instruction Sets – Addressing Modes.
Recommended
Risc processors
This document discusses RISC processors and compares them to CISC processors. It covers the history of RISC, including the development of RISC concepts in the 1970s. The key differences between RISC and CISC are that RISC uses fixed-length instructions that perform in one clock cycle, while CISC has variable-length instructions that may take multiple cycles. The document also outlines RISC design principles like simple instructions, register-to-register operations, and large register sets. Examples of popular RISC architectures like MIPS, SPARC, and ARM are provided.
Processors used in System on chip
The document provides information about the CISC and RISC instruction set architectures. It discusses key characteristics of CISC such as using microcode, building rich instruction sets, and high-level instruction sets. Characteristics of RISC architectures include uniform instruction format, identical general purpose registers, and simple addressing modes. The document also compares CISC and RISC, discusses the von Neumann architecture and its bottleneck, and provides an overview of the Harvard architecture and soft processors. It provides details about IBM's PowerPC architecture and the PPC405Fx embedded processor.
Risc and cisc eugene clewlow
RISC and CISC architectures have converged over time as processors have advanced. Originally, CISC emphasized complex instructions that could access memory directly, while RISC used simpler instructions but more registers. Now, CISC chips employ techniques like pipelining and multi-instruction execution. Meanwhile, RISC chips have more complex instructions and hardware. The differences have blurred as both styles adopt each other's strategies using newer technologies.
Risc and cisc eugene clewlow
RISC and CISC architectures evolved from different philosophies but have converged over time. CISC aimed to optimize for simpler compilers by incorporating complex instructions while RISC focused on optimized hardware using reduced, uniform instruction sets. While CISC was better for early computers with slow memory, RISC emerged to improve performance. Advances now blur the lines as CISC uses pipelining and RISC supports more instructions, showing how the strategies have influenced each other in modern processors.
Risc and cisc eugene clewlow
RISC and CISC architectures evolved from different philosophies for optimizing computer performance given the constraints of early computing technologies. CISC emphasized complex instructions and efficient memory usage while RISC focused on simple instructions and fast execution. Over time, improvements blurred the lines as CISC adopted RISC techniques like pipelining and RISC grew more complex instructions. Modern processors integrate aspects of both to optimize performance for current software and hardware.
Risc and cisc
CISC and RISC are two approaches to CPU architecture. CISC uses a complex instruction set that can perform multiple operations in one instruction, aiming to reduce the number of instructions per program. However, this comes at the cost of more cycles per instruction. RISC uses a simplified instruction set but is able to achieve higher performance through pipelining and reducing cycles per instruction, even if it increases the number of instructions per program. Key differences are that CISC sacrifices cycles per instruction for fewer instructions, while RISC does the opposite. Examples given are Intel Pentium as CISC-based and PowerPC as RISC-based.
Risc and cisc
CISC and RISC are two approaches to CPU architecture. CISC uses a complex instruction set that can perform multiple operations in one instruction, aiming to reduce the number of instructions per program. However, this comes at the cost of more cycles per instruction. RISC uses a simplified instruction set but is able to achieve higher performance through pipelining and reducing cycles per instruction, even if it increases the number of instructions per program. Key differences are that CISC sacrifices cycles per instruction for fewer instructions, while RISC does the opposite. Examples given are Intel Pentium as CISC-based and PowerPC as RISC-based.
Unit I_MT2301.pdf
Fundamentals - Functions of ALU - Microprocessor - Microcontrollers – CISC and RISC – Types Microcontroller - 8051 Family - Architecture - Features and Specifications - Memory Organization - Instruction Sets – Addressing Modes.
Risc and cisc casestudy
The document discusses microprocessors, RISC, and CISC architectures. It provides the following key points:
1. A microprocessor, also known as the CPU, is the central processing unit of computers and electronic devices that contains components like transistors to carry out instructions.
2. RISC architectures aim to simplify instruction sets to maximize efficiency through pipelining, using simple addressing modes and instruction formats with complex operations as sequences of simple instructions.
3. CISC architectures contain large, complex instruction sets ranging from simple to specialized to make efficient use of memory and simplify compiler development by mapping directly to high-level languages.
Dsdco IE: RISC and CISC architectures and design issues
RISC is an alternative to the Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architecture and is often considered the most efficient CPU architecture technology available today.
CS304PC:Computer Organization and Architecture UNIT V_merged_merged.pdf
This document discusses RISC and CISC processors. It defines RISC as having a reduced instruction set with simple instructions that each take one clock cycle. CISC has a more complex instruction set that can take multiple cycles. The document outlines the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of both RISC and CISC. It also discusses parallel processing techniques like pipelining and vector processing that improve processor throughput.
RISC and CISC Processors
CISC processors have a large number of complex instructions that can perform operations directly from memory to memory. In contrast, RISC processors have a small set of simple instructions that operate only within registers, with load and store as separate instructions. The first RISC projects in the late 1970s-early 1980s from IBM, Stanford, and UC-Berkeley aimed for single-cycle execution with a fixed-length instruction format. RISC emphasizes hardware simplicity while CISC focuses on smaller code size and higher cycles per second.
risc_and_cisc.ppt
This document compares and contrasts RISC and CISC processor architectures. It describes CISC as having complex instruction decoding logic to support multiple addressing modes, a small number of general purpose registers, and special purpose registers. RISC architectures are described as having a reduced instruction set with simple one-cycle instructions, large numbers of registers, and separate load and store instructions that operate only between registers and memory. The document outlines that while CISC was more efficient for early programming approaches, RISC has advantages as hardware and software technologies advanced.
Instruction Set Architecture
The document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA), which defines the interface between software and hardware. It describes ISA as specifying storage locations, operations, and how to invoke and access them. The document then compares ISA to human language and discusses program compilation. It outlines the basic instruction execution model of fetching, decoding, executing and writing instructions. The document also describes different types of instruction sets like stack, accumulator and register-set architectures. Finally, it contrasts complex instruction set computers (CISC) with reduced instruction set computers (RISC).
CISC.pptx
This document provides an overview of Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architecture. It discusses that CISC aims to achieve complex operations with single instructions and favors instruction set richness over speed of individual instructions. CISC is a prominent architecture since 1978 and most emerging designs combine CISC and RISC features. The document outlines CISC characteristics like variable length instructions and segmentation. It provides examples of CISC addressing modes and shows a sample multiplication program in CISC approach. Advantages of CISC include ease of microcoding and compatibility, while disadvantages are variable instruction times and underused instructions. Recent developments aim to combine RISC and CISC benefits, and frequently asked questions are answered regarding performance and adoption challenges.
M&i(lec#01)
This document provides an overview of microprocessors, including their classification into RISC, CISC, and special processors. It describes the basic components and functioning of a microprocessor, and how RISC processors aim to simplify instructions while CISC processors minimize the number of instructions through more complex instructions. Special processors are designed for specific purposes like math coprocessors, I/O processors, transputers, and digital signal processors.
R&c
The document provides an overview of RISC and CISC architectures. It discusses:
- RISC architectures utilize a small, highly optimized set of instructions (load/store architecture). Typical features include pipelining for one cycle execution, more registers, and simple addressing modes.
- CISC architectures have a more complex instruction set implemented through microcode. They support direct memory operations and fewer registers. Typical features include varying execution cycles and harder pipelining.
- Both aim to bridge the "semantic gap" between low-level hardware and high-level programming. RISC focuses on efficiency through simplified designs while CISC prioritizes compatibility through complex instructions.
MCI-Unit_1.PPTX electronics communication Engineering
This document provides an overview of different types of computers and microprocessors. It discusses supercomputers, mainframe computers, microcomputers, and mini computers. Mini computers are described as being larger than microcomputers but smaller than mainframes. The document then covers microprocessors, their system bus, memory, and characteristics. It discusses the differences between RISC and CISC processors. Specific RISC processors like ARM and MIPS are mentioned. The document provides characteristics of both RISC and CISC architecture. It also briefly discusses some special purpose processors like coprocessors, I/O processors, and transputers.
ARM.pdf
ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine and is one of the most widely used processor architectures. It was introduced in 1978 by the University of Cambridge and first produced commercially in 1985. ARM has a RISC architecture and 32-bit instruction set. It uses a modified Harvard architecture with separate caches for instructions and data. ARM is widely used in embedded and mobile devices due to its low power consumption. Its licensing model allows many companies to produce ARM-based chips.
Microprocessor presentation.pptx
This document discusses two types of microprocessor instruction sets: CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) and RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer). CISC has a larger and more complex instruction set which allows for shorter program lengths but requires more complex and expensive processors. RISC has a smaller and simpler instruction set, requiring longer program lengths but allowing for faster execution speeds and less expensive processors. The document provides examples of processors that use each instruction set type and compares their characteristics.
Hg3612911294
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Computer architecture
Mr. Abash shah presented on computer architecture. Computer architecture refers to the functionality, organization and implementation of computer systems and includes instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, and logic design. The presentation covered the types of computer architectures - RISC and CISC. RISC has advantages like speed and simpler hardware, while CISC has advantages like upward compatibility but is more complex. The differences between RISC and CISC architectures were also outlined.
Lecture 10
The document discusses modern CPUs and their specifications. It provides details about AMD and Intel CPUs including their core counts, clock speeds, thermal designs and cache sizes. It also covers CPU architecture types like RISC and CISC. Additional topics covered include microprocessors, hardware components, operating systems like DOS and GUI, computer buses and USB standards.
CISC & RISC ARCHITECTURES
Explains the two important processor architecture designs CISC & RISC, their features, significance and differences between them.
Question 1. please describe an embedded system in less than 100 word.pdf
Question 1. please describe an embedded system in less than 100 words. You will need to cover
all the major characteristics of the embedded system to earn full points.
Question 2. please explain RISC and CISC and give the advantages and disadvantages of both.
Solution
1.An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software and some additional
parts, either mechanical or electronic—designed to perform a dedicated function.
Example of embedded system is Digital Watch
It contains a simple, inexpensive 4-bit processor and its own on-chip ROM. The only other
hardware elements of the watch are the inputs (buttons) and outputs (display and speaker).It
consists of a software, which when carefully designed, allows enormous flexibility and helps to
create a reasonably reliable product at extraordinarily low production cost.
other examples are:Microwave oven, cordless phones, ATMS etc
2) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
To execute each instruction, if there is separate electronic circuitry in the control unit, which
produces all the necessary signals, this approach of the design of the control section of the
processor is called RISC design.It is also called hard-wired approach.
Examples of RISC processors:
IBM RS6000, MC88100
DEC’s Alpha 21064, 21164 and 21264 processors
Features of RISC Processors:
The standard features of RISC processors are listed below:
RISC processors use a small and limited number of instructions.
RISC machines mostly uses hardwired control unit.
RISC processors consume less power and are having high performance.
Each instruction is very simple and consistent.
RISC processors uses simple addressing modes.
RISC instruction is of uniform fixed length.
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. If the control unit contains a number of
micro-electronic circuitry to generate a set of control signals and each micro-circuitry is
activated by a micro-code, this design approach is called CISC design.
Examples of CISC processors are:
Intel 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III
Motorola’s 68000, 68020, 68040, etc.
Features of CISC Processors:
The standard features of CISC processors are listed below:
CISC chips have a large amount of different and complex instructions.
CISC machines generally make use of complex addressing modes.
Different machine programs can be executed on CISC machine.
CISC machines uses micro-program control unit.
CISC processors are having limited number of registers.
Advantages of CISC Architecture:
1)Microprogramming is easy to implement and much less expensive than hard wiring a control
unit.
2)It is easy to add new commands into the chip without changing the structure of the instruction
set as the architecture uses general-purpose hardware to carry out commands.
3)This architecture makes the efficient use of main memory since the complexity (or more
capability) of instruction allo.
CSE675_01_Introduction.ppt
This document summarizes a presentation on computer architecture given by instructor Roger Crawfis. The presentation covered three aspects of computer design: instruction set architecture, computer organization, and computer hardware. It discussed RISC and CISC architectures and how Intel IA-32 processors adopted RISC-style implementations. The presentation also covered technology trends like Moore's Law and improvements in processor and graphics hardware performance over time.
CSE675_01_Introduction.ppt
This document summarizes a presentation on computer architecture given by instructor Roger Crawfis. The presentation covered three aspects of computer design: instruction set architecture, computer organization, and computer hardware. It discussed RISC and CISC architectures and how Intel IA-32 processors adopted RISC-style implementations. The presentation also covered technology trends like Moore's Law and improvements in processor and graphics hardware performance over time.
Principles of computer design
This document provides an overview of key computer hardware components and concepts. It begins with explanations of computer architecture including Von Neumann architecture and differences between RISC and CISC instruction sets. It then covers the central processing unit (CPU) and its components. Other sections describe the motherboard, types of memory including RAM, ROM, and cache memory. Additional topics include storage devices like hard disk drives and solid state drives, as well as concepts such as multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading.
More Related Content
Similar to RISC - reduced instruction set computer
Risc and cisc casestudy
The document discusses microprocessors, RISC, and CISC architectures. It provides the following key points:
1. A microprocessor, also known as the CPU, is the central processing unit of computers and electronic devices that contains components like transistors to carry out instructions.
2. RISC architectures aim to simplify instruction sets to maximize efficiency through pipelining, using simple addressing modes and instruction formats with complex operations as sequences of simple instructions.
3. CISC architectures contain large, complex instruction sets ranging from simple to specialized to make efficient use of memory and simplify compiler development by mapping directly to high-level languages.
Dsdco IE: RISC and CISC architectures and design issues
RISC is an alternative to the Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architecture and is often considered the most efficient CPU architecture technology available today.
CS304PC:Computer Organization and Architecture UNIT V_merged_merged.pdf
This document discusses RISC and CISC processors. It defines RISC as having a reduced instruction set with simple instructions that each take one clock cycle. CISC has a more complex instruction set that can take multiple cycles. The document outlines the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of both RISC and CISC. It also discusses parallel processing techniques like pipelining and vector processing that improve processor throughput.
RISC and CISC Processors
CISC processors have a large number of complex instructions that can perform operations directly from memory to memory. In contrast, RISC processors have a small set of simple instructions that operate only within registers, with load and store as separate instructions. The first RISC projects in the late 1970s-early 1980s from IBM, Stanford, and UC-Berkeley aimed for single-cycle execution with a fixed-length instruction format. RISC emphasizes hardware simplicity while CISC focuses on smaller code size and higher cycles per second.
risc_and_cisc.ppt
This document compares and contrasts RISC and CISC processor architectures. It describes CISC as having complex instruction decoding logic to support multiple addressing modes, a small number of general purpose registers, and special purpose registers. RISC architectures are described as having a reduced instruction set with simple one-cycle instructions, large numbers of registers, and separate load and store instructions that operate only between registers and memory. The document outlines that while CISC was more efficient for early programming approaches, RISC has advantages as hardware and software technologies advanced.
Instruction Set Architecture
The document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA), which defines the interface between software and hardware. It describes ISA as specifying storage locations, operations, and how to invoke and access them. The document then compares ISA to human language and discusses program compilation. It outlines the basic instruction execution model of fetching, decoding, executing and writing instructions. The document also describes different types of instruction sets like stack, accumulator and register-set architectures. Finally, it contrasts complex instruction set computers (CISC) with reduced instruction set computers (RISC).
CISC.pptx
This document provides an overview of Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architecture. It discusses that CISC aims to achieve complex operations with single instructions and favors instruction set richness over speed of individual instructions. CISC is a prominent architecture since 1978 and most emerging designs combine CISC and RISC features. The document outlines CISC characteristics like variable length instructions and segmentation. It provides examples of CISC addressing modes and shows a sample multiplication program in CISC approach. Advantages of CISC include ease of microcoding and compatibility, while disadvantages are variable instruction times and underused instructions. Recent developments aim to combine RISC and CISC benefits, and frequently asked questions are answered regarding performance and adoption challenges.
M&i(lec#01)
This document provides an overview of microprocessors, including their classification into RISC, CISC, and special processors. It describes the basic components and functioning of a microprocessor, and how RISC processors aim to simplify instructions while CISC processors minimize the number of instructions through more complex instructions. Special processors are designed for specific purposes like math coprocessors, I/O processors, transputers, and digital signal processors.
R&c
The document provides an overview of RISC and CISC architectures. It discusses:
- RISC architectures utilize a small, highly optimized set of instructions (load/store architecture). Typical features include pipelining for one cycle execution, more registers, and simple addressing modes.
- CISC architectures have a more complex instruction set implemented through microcode. They support direct memory operations and fewer registers. Typical features include varying execution cycles and harder pipelining.
- Both aim to bridge the "semantic gap" between low-level hardware and high-level programming. RISC focuses on efficiency through simplified designs while CISC prioritizes compatibility through complex instructions.
MCI-Unit_1.PPTX electronics communication Engineering
This document provides an overview of different types of computers and microprocessors. It discusses supercomputers, mainframe computers, microcomputers, and mini computers. Mini computers are described as being larger than microcomputers but smaller than mainframes. The document then covers microprocessors, their system bus, memory, and characteristics. It discusses the differences between RISC and CISC processors. Specific RISC processors like ARM and MIPS are mentioned. The document provides characteristics of both RISC and CISC architecture. It also briefly discusses some special purpose processors like coprocessors, I/O processors, and transputers.
ARM.pdf
ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine and is one of the most widely used processor architectures. It was introduced in 1978 by the University of Cambridge and first produced commercially in 1985. ARM has a RISC architecture and 32-bit instruction set. It uses a modified Harvard architecture with separate caches for instructions and data. ARM is widely used in embedded and mobile devices due to its low power consumption. Its licensing model allows many companies to produce ARM-based chips.
Microprocessor presentation.pptx
This document discusses two types of microprocessor instruction sets: CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) and RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer). CISC has a larger and more complex instruction set which allows for shorter program lengths but requires more complex and expensive processors. RISC has a smaller and simpler instruction set, requiring longer program lengths but allowing for faster execution speeds and less expensive processors. The document provides examples of processors that use each instruction set type and compares their characteristics.
Hg3612911294
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Computer architecture
Mr. Abash shah presented on computer architecture. Computer architecture refers to the functionality, organization and implementation of computer systems and includes instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, and logic design. The presentation covered the types of computer architectures - RISC and CISC. RISC has advantages like speed and simpler hardware, while CISC has advantages like upward compatibility but is more complex. The differences between RISC and CISC architectures were also outlined.
Lecture 10
The document discusses modern CPUs and their specifications. It provides details about AMD and Intel CPUs including their core counts, clock speeds, thermal designs and cache sizes. It also covers CPU architecture types like RISC and CISC. Additional topics covered include microprocessors, hardware components, operating systems like DOS and GUI, computer buses and USB standards.
CISC & RISC ARCHITECTURES
Explains the two important processor architecture designs CISC & RISC, their features, significance and differences between them.
Question 1. please describe an embedded system in less than 100 word.pdf
Question 1. please describe an embedded system in less than 100 words. You will need to cover
all the major characteristics of the embedded system to earn full points.
Question 2. please explain RISC and CISC and give the advantages and disadvantages of both.
Solution
1.An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software and some additional
parts, either mechanical or electronic—designed to perform a dedicated function.
Example of embedded system is Digital Watch
It contains a simple, inexpensive 4-bit processor and its own on-chip ROM. The only other
hardware elements of the watch are the inputs (buttons) and outputs (display and speaker).It
consists of a software, which when carefully designed, allows enormous flexibility and helps to
create a reasonably reliable product at extraordinarily low production cost.
other examples are:Microwave oven, cordless phones, ATMS etc
2) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
To execute each instruction, if there is separate electronic circuitry in the control unit, which
produces all the necessary signals, this approach of the design of the control section of the
processor is called RISC design.It is also called hard-wired approach.
Examples of RISC processors:
IBM RS6000, MC88100
DEC’s Alpha 21064, 21164 and 21264 processors
Features of RISC Processors:
The standard features of RISC processors are listed below:
RISC processors use a small and limited number of instructions.
RISC machines mostly uses hardwired control unit.
RISC processors consume less power and are having high performance.
Each instruction is very simple and consistent.
RISC processors uses simple addressing modes.
RISC instruction is of uniform fixed length.
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. If the control unit contains a number of
micro-electronic circuitry to generate a set of control signals and each micro-circuitry is
activated by a micro-code, this design approach is called CISC design.
Examples of CISC processors are:
Intel 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III
Motorola’s 68000, 68020, 68040, etc.
Features of CISC Processors:
The standard features of CISC processors are listed below:
CISC chips have a large amount of different and complex instructions.
CISC machines generally make use of complex addressing modes.
Different machine programs can be executed on CISC machine.
CISC machines uses micro-program control unit.
CISC processors are having limited number of registers.
Advantages of CISC Architecture:
1)Microprogramming is easy to implement and much less expensive than hard wiring a control
unit.
2)It is easy to add new commands into the chip without changing the structure of the instruction
set as the architecture uses general-purpose hardware to carry out commands.
3)This architecture makes the efficient use of main memory since the complexity (or more
capability) of instruction allo.
CSE675_01_Introduction.ppt
This document summarizes a presentation on computer architecture given by instructor Roger Crawfis. The presentation covered three aspects of computer design: instruction set architecture, computer organization, and computer hardware. It discussed RISC and CISC architectures and how Intel IA-32 processors adopted RISC-style implementations. The presentation also covered technology trends like Moore's Law and improvements in processor and graphics hardware performance over time.
CSE675_01_Introduction.ppt
This document summarizes a presentation on computer architecture given by instructor Roger Crawfis. The presentation covered three aspects of computer design: instruction set architecture, computer organization, and computer hardware. It discussed RISC and CISC architectures and how Intel IA-32 processors adopted RISC-style implementations. The presentation also covered technology trends like Moore's Law and improvements in processor and graphics hardware performance over time.
Principles of computer design
This document provides an overview of key computer hardware components and concepts. It begins with explanations of computer architecture including Von Neumann architecture and differences between RISC and CISC instruction sets. It then covers the central processing unit (CPU) and its components. Other sections describe the motherboard, types of memory including RAM, ROM, and cache memory. Additional topics include storage devices like hard disk drives and solid state drives, as well as concepts such as multitasking, multiprocessing, and multithreading.
Similar to RISC - reduced instruction set computer (20)
Dsdco IE: RISC and CISC architectures and design issues
Dsdco IE: RISC and CISC architectures and design issues
CS304PC:Computer Organization and Architecture UNIT V_merged_merged.pdf
CS304PC:Computer Organization and Architecture UNIT V_merged_merged.pdf
MCI-Unit_1.PPTX electronics communication Engineering
MCI-Unit_1.PPTX electronics communication Engineering
Question 1. please describe an embedded system in less than 100 word.pdf
Question 1. please describe an embedded system in less than 100 word.pdf
Recently uploaded
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
this notes have been created
by Eric36 at nyamata ttc
after readings
pe book for y2sme .
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Recently uploaded (20)
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
RISC - reduced instruction set computer
- 2. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K HELLO! NAME : HUMMU SALMA .H CLASS : 2ND BCA ROLL NO : 2010510 SUBJECT : COMPUTER ORGANISATION TOPIC : RISC
- 3. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K The points we are going to discuss We will talk about microprocessor first. We will talk about types of micro-pro second. We will talk about RISC last.
- 5. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K What is micro-pro? A microprocessor is basically the brain of the computer. We can also call this as processor or CPU. It is basically a computer processor that is mounted on a single IC (Integrated Circuit). It means that all the functions of the processor are included on a single chip.
- 9. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K Microprocessors can be classified based on the following criteria: ● The width of the data that can be processed. ● The instruction set.
- 10. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O LO R S B LA C K Classification of micro- pro based on the Data width: Depending on the data width, microprocessors can process instructions. The microprocessors can be classified as follows, ● 8 - bit microprocessor. ● 16 - bit microprocessor. ● 32 - bit microprocessor. ● 64 - bit microprocessor.
- 11. SLIDESMANIA.COM COLORS Classification of micro-pro based on Instruction set: The size of the instruction set is another important consideration while categorizing microprocessors. Initially, microprocessors had small instruction sets because complex hardware was expensive as well as difficult to build. As technology developed ,more complex instructions were added. 1, RISC - REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTER. 2,CISC - COMPLEX INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTER.
- 12. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K RISC - REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTER
- 13. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K Introduction RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor, a microprocessor architecture with a simple collection and highly customized set of instructions.It is built to minimize the instruction execution time by optimizing and limiting the number of instructions. As per the name, in this, the instructions are quite simple, and hence, they execute quickly. Moreover, the instructions get complete in one clock cycle and also use a few addressing modes only. Besides, it makes use of multiple registers so that interaction with memory is less.
- 14. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K Examples of RISC are IBM RS6000, DEC Alpha 21064, DEC Alpha 21164, etc.
- 15. SLIDESMANIA.COM COLORS RISC ARCHITECTURE It is a highly customized set of instructions used in portable devices due to system reliability such as Apple iPod, mobiles/smartphones, Nintendo DS,
- 16. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K RISC IS USED IN ...
- 17. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O L O R S B L A C K ADVANTAGES ● RISC allows the instruction to use free space on a microprocessor because of its simplicity. ● RISC processor is simpler than a CISC processor because of its simple and quick design, and it can complete its work in one clock cycle. ● The RISC processor's performance is better due to the simple and limited number of the instruction set. ● It requires less transistors that make it cheaper to design.
- 18. SLIDESMANIA.COM C O LO R S B LA C K DISADVANTAGES ● The RISC processor's performance may vary according to the code executed because subsequent instructions may depend on the previous instruction for their execution in a cycle. ● Programmers and compilers often use complex instructions. ● RISC processors require very fast memory to save various instructions that require a large collection of cache memory to respond to the instruction in a short time.