Now the world is undergoing a digital revolution. As a result of which, a virtual world is uprising. Everyone should get an opportunity to be part of this new world. Access to uninterrupted electrical energy has become an essential requirement.

1. Dr. K. Sudhakar Sreenath Sukumaran
Asst. Professor M-Tech (RE)
NIT Bhopal
Economic analysis
and Technical feasibility of
Right to Electricity Act (REA)
in India

2. SYNOPSIS
 Introduction
 Objective
 Methodology
 Results and Discussions
 Conclusions

3. INTRODUCTION
• Standard of living is directly related with access to electricity
• Developed countries are having high per capita consumption
of electricity ( Canada & USA – 11,500 units/ year)
• Environmental pollution and health degradation
• Electrification schemes – Kutir Jyoti, RGGVY etc
• Rural Electrification Corporation was established(1969)
• Latest : DUGJY launched in December 2014
– Renewable energy and micro grid
– Strengthening transmission network
– Separation of agricultural and non agri. feeders

4. contd...
• No: of villages in India - 6, 40,930
• 6,22,478 (97.12%) villages have been marked as
electrified (02/10/2016)
• GARV app – one stop information about village
electrification and current status
• Power for all scheme – MoU between Central and
state govts

5. contd...
• As per definition , a village would be declared as
electrified if:
• At least 10% of the total households in that village
are electrified.
• Basic infrastructure such as Distribution Transformer
and lines are provided in the inhabited locality.
• Electricity is provided to public places like Schools,
Panchayat Office, Health centres, Dispensaries,
Community centres etc

6. contd...
• Only 16,57,77,472(67.2%) households are having access to
electricity (Census of India,2011)
• Electrified villages are suffering from black outs even for 12
hours a day
• Only 873 Indian villages are providing electricity to all of
its house hold
• Location : highly remote/inaccessible areas or areas plagued
by insurgency and Left-wing extremism.
• Shift the focus – from village to household

7. OBJECTIVE
• To make “access to reliable electricity “as a basic right.
• To design a suitable energy system
• To predict its energy generation capacity using software
• To estimate the cost of the system

8. METHODOLOGY
• Categorize the electrical loads in an Indian household as
necessary, important, luxury
– Necessary loads : lighting, electronic gadget charging
– Important loads: Fans, Television(TV)
– Luxury loads: AC, greaser, induction cooker
• Fix the wattage and total operating hours of the loads
that are termed as necessary.
• Calculate the max demand and daily energy requirement
• Depending on the values obtained,
a suitable system is designed.

9. contd...
• Max. Demand = sum of peak power rating
• Energy consumed = Power rating * time

10. contd...
• Only lighting and charging loads are considered.
• So solar PV based power generation is suitable
– Extra area is not required & Easy and quick installation
– Absence of moving parts & Low transmission losses
• Out of which, Solar DC system(without inverter) is chosen
• Losses in solar-DC system is as low as 7% (without
battery loss) when compared to 25-45% losses in other
solar systems
• As result, solar panel size also can be decreased (nearly
by a factor of 2) and battery size reduces by 20%
• The performance of the system and
the investment required is evaluated

11. contd...
• Solar panel Wattage(W) =
Daily Power requirement / (Average Sunlight Hours x
Efficiency of the system)
• Battery Capacity (Ah) =
Total Watt-hours per day used by appliances /
(0.85 x 0.6 x nominal battery voltage)

12. contd...
• PVGis simulation tool
– online free solar PV energy calculator
– Easy to use tool for small scale PV systems
– Location is set using interactive map tool
– Provides the monthly average solar irradiation and
energy generation
– Implemented by Joint Research Centre (JRC),
Europe

13. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Load Specifications Quantity Rate /Item Usage (hrs)
LED bulb 7w branded LED 2 years
warranty
2 90*2 6 + 12
Charging
socket(mob
ile /laptop)
5A socket of power
consumption of maximum
70w
1 30 3
DC tube
light
4 feet DC LED cool white
tube light
power :18W
weight : 800 gms
life: up to 5 years
1 1000(max) 6
BLDC
ceiling fan
DC brushless pure Cu
motor
Power : 12/24V DC
power : ≤ 22W
Speed : ≥300RPM
1 1500 (medium) 8

14. contd...
• Considering necessary loads, 276 Wh or .276 units of
electrical energy is required daily(per household)
• Specification of suited DC solar PV system
• 80 watt polycrystalline (C-Si) solar panel
• 50 AH , 48 Vdc VRLA battery ( three days autonomy )
• OGH controller for adequate protection for under voltage,
over voltage.
• Three LED (7w) and charging point(40w)

15. contd...
Components Specification Quantity Cost
Solar panel 40 watt 2 2800
Battery 50 Ah ,48 Vdc 1 2900
OGH
controller
- 1 2000
Load (LED
& socket)
- - 500
Total 8200

16. contd...
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Monthly variation of energy production

17. Right to Electricity Act
• REA can be defined as An Act to improve the livelihood
of households residing in India by providing at least
280wh of guaranteed electricity per day, throughout the
year, irrespective of caste and creed .If guaranteed
amount of electricity is not provided within 15 days, the
applicant (household) is entitled to an allowance.
• This is an initial draft of the act which is
put forward for discussions and clarifications.

18. contd...
• Total cost of the system - 8,200INR
• If priority is given to 8.1 Cr unelectrified homes,
total project cost will be 66,420Cr
• Funds can be raised through sovereign bonds,
corporate social responsibility (CSR) along with the
help of international agencies.
• Govt. support must be extended to those households
which are affected by blackouts.

19. CONCLUSIONS
• Electricity shall be included in the basic rights of life.
• Minimum amount of electrical energy required per
household is 276wh/.276 unit.
• Inverter less Solar DC system is best option
• Investment needed is as low as 8200 INR
• From the above data, Right to Electricity Act(REA) is
formulated
• Though cumulative economic burden is
high, the socio – cultural impact of REA
will be game changer

20. REFERENCES
[1]“List of countries by energy consumption per capita,” Wikipedia.
19-Sep-2016.
[2]Dr. Dinesh Arora, “Rural Electrification in India.”
[3]“GARV Dashboard.” [Online]. Available:
http://www.garv.gov.in/dashboard. [Accessed: 31-Oct-2016].
[4]S. C. Bhattacharyya, “Energy access problem of the poor in India:
Is rural electrification a remedy?,” Energy Policy, vol. 34, no. 18,
pp. 3387–3397, Dec. 2006.
[5]“Census of India : Source of lighting.”
[6]“OGH-Brochure.pdf.”
[7]B. Shiva Kumar and K. Sudhakar, “Performance evaluation of
10 MW grid connected solar photovoltaic power plant in India,”
Energy Rep., vol. 1, pp. 184–192, Nov. 2015.

21. contd...
[8]A. K. Shukla, K. Sudhakar, and P. Baredar, “Design, simulation
and economic analysis of standalone roof top solar PV system in
India,” Sol. Energy, vol. 136, pp. 437–449, Oct. 2016.
[9]“www.cygni.com.” .
[10]“Right to Information.”http://righttoinformation.gov.in/. [Acces
sed: 31-Oct-2016]
[11]J. G. Castellanos, M. Walker, D. Poggio, M. Pourkashanian, and
W. Nimmo, “Modelling an off-grid integrated renewable energy
system for rural electrification in India using photovoltaics and
anaerobic digestion,” Renew. Energy, vol. 74, pp. 390–398, Feb.
2015.
[12]D. Palit, R. Malhotra, and S. Mande, “Enhancing viability of
biofuel-based decentralized power projects for rural electrification
in India,” Environ. Dev. Sustain., pp. 1–21, Oct. 2015.

23. contd
• Inverter less solar DC system is flexible with power
consumption
• DC solar system of panel size 250wp , 375wp , 500wp
and up to 5 hours backup are available
• Off Grid Home (OGH) solar DC system consisting of 1
ceiling fan, a tube light, a bulb, a charger, 125wp solar
panel, 1kWh battery costs 20,000INR