Evolution of Solar Power in India | Opportunities & Challenges by Green Dream Foundation

Evolution of Solar Power in India

Opportunities &
Challenges

Ashish Sachdeva
Founder, Green Dream Foundation

MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18th, 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

Solar Energy Policies in India

1974-1979 (5th Five Year Plan)
Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)


To cover at least 60% of villages in
each state and union territory
under the rural electrification
programme by 1990.

46,464 additional villages were
fixed for the Sixth Five Year Plan
under the MNP.

Out of the 46,464 villages, actual
achievement was estimated at
34,489 villages.



1988-1989
Kutir Jyoti Scheme


Extending single-point light connections to
households of rural poor families below the
poverty line, including Harijan and Adivasi
families.

Nearly 600,000 households connected in 15
years or at a rate of approximately 40,000
households per year .



2005
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran
Yojana (RGGVY)


The Rural Electrification Corporation
(REC) is the nodal agency for the
programme.

90% grant is provided by Govt. of India
and 10% as loan by REC to the State
Governments.

Providing electricity Connection to
Below Poverty Line (BPL) families free
of charge.



2007
Semi-Conductor Policy


Encourage semiconductor and
ecosystem manufacturing, of which
solar PV is also a component.

A capital subsidy of 20% for
manufacturing plants in Special
Economic Zones (SEZ) and 25% for
manufacturing plants outside of SEZs.

The proposal should contain the data,
surveys, projections, business plan,
phasing of expenditure and timelines for
project implementation.



2009
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission (JNNSM)


Establish India as a global leader in
solar energy, by creating the policy
conditions for its diffusion across the
country as quickly as possible.

Target of 20,000 MW and stipulates
implementation and achievement of the
target in 3 phases.

First Phase - 2012-13,
Second Phase - 2013 to 2017 &
Third Phase - 2017 to 2022



2010
Launch of Jawaharlal Nehru National
Solar Mission

JNNSM Off-Grid Guidelines Released

ROADBLOCKS
in building
CAPTIVE SOLAR PROJECTS
in INDIA


Uncertainty in Weather

- the design of a solar power generation system
involves either the use of historical weather data or
weather forecast methods to predict the future
temporal evolution of the solar energy system.

- unpredictable weather fluctuations will inevitably
result to suboptimal system operation


Solar Irradiance

- the variable power flow due to the fluctuation of solar
irradiance and temperature are some of the
parameters that affect the power quality of photovoltaic
systems.

- with high connection densities of photovoltaic in the
distribution grid, low irradiance can lead to undesirable
variations of power and supply quality (voltage and
current) at the connection point.
th
MENA Solar Power Forum, September 18 , 2012 | Green Dream Foundation

Initial Cost

- the high initial cost of solar PV systems is one of the
most significant barriers to PV adoption.

- however, as the initial cost of PV system decreases
and the cost of conventional fuel sources
increases, these systems will become more
economically competitive.


Surplus Power

- in India, net metering system is currently not available
and thus the surplus power generated from renewable
energy sources cannot be sold to the utilities.

-- when it is not connected to the grid, excess energy
that is generated is not fed out to the utility to give you
an energy credit (this can happen with on-grid
systems). Off-grid systems must use the surplus or
lose it. th

Energy Storage

- off-grid PV systems typically use batteries for storing
energy, and the use of batteries could increase the:

size, cost and complexity

of the system.


Education & Awareness

- PV systems present a new and unfamiliar technology;
few people understand value and feasibility.

- this lack of information slows market and
technological growth.


The ROAD AHEAD
India's Solar Potential &
it’s Limitations


Current Status

- with about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's
theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area,
is about 5000 Petawatt-hours per year (PWh/yr) (i.e.
5000 trillion kWh/yr).

- the daily average solar energy incident over India
varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 1500–2000
sunshine hours per year.

Current Status

- assuming the efficiency of PV modules were as low
as 10%, this would still be a thousand times greater
than the domestic electricity demand projected for
2015.

- 25.1 MW was added in 2010 and 468.3 MW in 2011.
India expects to install an additional 10,000 MW by
2017, and a total of 20,000 MW by 2022.

Challenges

- land is a scarce resource in India and per capita land
availability is low.

- the amount of land required for utility-scale solar
power plants—currently approximately 1 km2 for every
20–60 megawatts (MW) generated—could pose a
strain on India's available land resource.


Challenges Contd.

- the architecture more suitable for most of India would
be a highly distributed set of individual rooftop power
generation systems, all connected via a local grid.

- however, erecting such an infrastructure, which does
not enjoy the economies of scale possible in
mass, utility-scale, solar panel deployment, needs the
market price of solar technology to substantially
decline. th

Future (looks bright)

- according to a 2011 report by GTM Research and
Bridge, India is facing a perfect storm of factors that will
drive solar photovoltaic (PV) adoption at a "furious
pace over the next five years and beyond".

- the falling prices of PV panels, mostly from China but
also from the U.S., has coincided with the growing cost
of grid power in India.

Government Support

- 51 Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been
installed across India by the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) to monitor the availability of solar energy.

- budget for 2010/11 - allocation of US $181 million towards the
JNNSM.

- the budget also proposed a coal tax of US $1 per metric ton on
domestic and imported coal used for power generation.


Green Dream Foundation


Green Dream Foundation is a non-profit
organization focused on generating
environmental awareness among
people to stand against the biggest
concern before the world in the 21st
Century i.e. Global Warming.

We are a focused group that has and
will continue to create awareness, drive
action and influence formulation for a
better environment globally..

What do we do?


We Educate &?

- we have been extensively promoting the use of solar energy by
individuals and organisations, both.

- looking to partner with solar solution providers so we can make
the implementation process easier for organizations.

- our objective is to be on the front-lines, catalysing solar
markets, and helping people recognize the value of solar as a
clean, renewable energy source.


Some Pictures


Reach Green Dream Foundation…

facebook.com/GreenDreamFoundation

twitter.com/TheGreenDream

www.greendreamfoundation.org

Credits
Content by
Yukti Ballani & Ashish Sachdeva

Design by
Ashish Sachdeva

Evolution of Solar Power in India | Opportunities & Challenges by Green Dream Foundation

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