RHS Level 2 Certificate Year 1 Week 19
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This document discusses techniques for outdoor food production, including extending the growing season, propagation methods, crop rotation, intercropping, and successional cropping. It describes using protection like cloches and polytunnels, sowing varieties suited to different seasons, and sowing in succession. Propagation methods include seed, plants, roots, slips, and sets. Crop rotation involves dividing crops into groups and rotating where each group is planted to reduce pests and diseases. Intercropping plants quick and slow maturing crops together, while successional cropping involves sowing varieties and planting at intervals for continuous harvest.
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This document discusses planning effective crop rotations for organic farms. It begins by defining crop rotation as alternating annual crops on a field in a planned sequence to prevent growing the same species repeatedly. Crop rotation is important for managing diseases, nutrients, weeds and building soil quality. The document then discusses how 12 expert farmers plan rotations in an ad hoc manner based on field conditions rather than long-term plans. It also provides examples of general rotation plans from other farms. The remainder of the document outlines a systematic procedure for planning crop rotations and managing pests and weeds through rotation.
Micropropagation
Micropropagation (tissue culture or invitro culture) refers to the multiplication of plants, in an aseptic condition and in artificial growth medium from plant parts like meristem tip, callus, embryos anthers, axillary buds etc. It is a method by which a true to type and disease free entire plant can be regenerated from a miniature piece of plant in aseptic condition in artificial growing medium rapidly throughout the year.
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This document provides an overview of cover crops and strategies for integrating them into a corn-soybean rotation. It discusses selecting cover crops based on the main purpose and cropping system. A low-risk introductory approach is to drill cereal rye into corn stalks, plant short-season soybeans into the rye, and then plant a low C:N cover crop mix after soybeans before no-till corn. This strategic approach aims to build soil health over time through biologically active cover crops matched to each cash crop.
September 30, 2022 Lesson Agri-crop.pptx
The document discusses different types of cropping systems and common practices for planting crops, including monocropping, intercropping, relay cropping, and crop rotation. It also describes different methods for planting crops directly or through transplanting and explains that farm planning helps identify goals, inventory resources, and assess the business and operating environment.
Buckwheat Cover Crop Handbook
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RHS Level 2 Certificate - week 12 overview
Seed propagation involves growing plants from seeds, while vegetative propagation uses plant parts like cuttings. Plants from seeds may be slower to mature but offer more variety, while those from cuttings are clones matching the parent and faster growing. Seed propagation relies on dormancy breaking like stratification and scarification. Successful germination requires water, temperature, oxygen, food, and sometimes light or time. Seed harvesting considers maturity, cleaning, and storage methods to control respiration and maintain viability.
Agri-crop Production (Propagation techniques)
plant propagation is the Process of multiplying or increasing the number of the same species and at the same time perpetuating their desirable characteristics
Rhs year 1 week 20 2020
This document provides information on perennial vegetables and legumes. It discusses the cultivation requirements of asparagus, including that it is not part of a crop rotation. It should be grown from crowns in well-drained soil. Pests include asparagus beetle and slugs, while diseases are rust and violet root rot. Runner beans and broad beans are discussed as examples of legumes. They fix nitrogen in the soil through symbiosis with rhizobia bacteria. Pests and diseases of beans include pea and bean weevil and anthracnose for runner beans, and black bean aphid and chocolate spot for broad beans. Quality and yield of crops can be determined by factors like fertilizer use
Seed and different methods of sowing
This document discusses seed characteristics, germination, sowing methods, and crop density and geometry. It provides definitions and details on:
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2. The two main types of germination - epigeal and hypogeal. Methods of sowing seeds including broadcasting, dibbling, drilling, and transplanting.
3. How crop density and geometry influence plant growth and yields. Crop geometry refers to the shape of space for individual plants, such as square, rectangular, or triangular patterns. Crop density and geometry impact light interception, root growth
Management succession, interplanting
The document discusses techniques for intensive gardening to maximize production in a small space, including succession planting, interplanting, and vertical training. Succession planting involves harvesting and replacing crops in succession to provide continuous harvest. Interplanting mixes crops together that have complementary growth patterns and harvest times. Vertical training involves trellising or caging plants to grow vertically and save space. These techniques can increase yields but require careful soil preparation and plant spacing.
Saving Your Own Vegetable Seeds A Guide For Farmers
This document provides guidance for farmers on saving seeds from their own vegetable crops. It discusses general principles of seed saving, including which varieties can have their seeds saved, isolation techniques to prevent cross-pollination, and proper storage methods. The document then provides species-specific instructions on seed production, isolation, selection, harvesting and processing for over 20 common vegetable crops, including amaranth, bean, beet, brassicas, carrot, cucurbits, eggplant, jute, kangkong, lettuce, malabar spinach, mungbean, okra, onion, pepper, radish, soybean, tomato and yardlong bean.
A Farmer's Guide To Saving Vegetable Seeds
This document provides guidance for farmers on saving seeds from their own vegetable crops. It discusses general principles of seed saving, including which varieties can have their seeds saved, isolation techniques to prevent cross-pollination, and proper storage methods. The document then provides species-specific instructions on seed production, isolation, selection, harvesting and processing for several important vegetable crops, including amaranth, bean, beet, brassicas, carrot, cucurbits, eggplant, jute, kangkong, lettuce, malabar spinach, mungbean, okra, onion, pepper, radish, soybean, tomato and yardlong bean.
Companion Planting and Growing Outdoor Food Crops for Your Home - Australia
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Cultivation and collection of drugs of natural origin
This document discusses methods of propagating and collecting drugs from natural sources. It describes vegetative propagation (cutting, layering, grafting), sexual propagation (pollination, fertilization, seedling dormancy), and micropropagation. Vegetative propagation replicates plants genetically while sexual propagation introduces variation. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are provided. The document also outlines best practices for collecting medicinal plants at their peak quality and processing and storing the materials.
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The document discusses various topics related to plant cultivation including seed quality, seed testing methods, land preparation techniques, tools used, transplanting steps, irrigation types, weed and pest control, and fertilizer application methods. It provides information on seed viability, orthodox and recalcitrant seeds, seed testing methods like the dish, rag-doll, and seed box methods. Land preparation steps discussed include clearing, plowing, harrowing, and raising seedbeds.
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This document provides information for a certificate course on ornamental trees and shrubs. It discusses selecting suitable trees and shrubs for domestic gardens, including those that provide winter and autumn interest. It covers bare root, container-grown, and containerized planting methods. The document instructs on properly planting trees and shrubs, including preparing the soil, digging the hole, and positioning the roots. It also discusses staking trees, routine maintenance, basic pruning techniques, and common pests and diseases. The quiz at the end tests knowledge on these topics.
Week 23 plant examples
The document provides examples of plants that can be used in spring, summer, and winter containers and bedding. For spring, it lists tulips, narcissus, chieranthus, mysotis, and bellis. For summer containers, it recommends petunia, satureia, lobelia, fuchsia, impatiens, begonia, pelargonium, tagetes, verbena, and cuphea. Winter container plants mentioned include viola, hedera, skimmia, heuchera, polypodium, carex, iris, helichrysum, and brassica. Photos accompany some of the plant examples.
Rhs year 2 week 21 2020 zoom
This document covers a plant health week focusing on plant disorders, garden chemicals, and weed identification. The learning objectives are to describe physiological disorders and their causes, explain the modes of action of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides, identify active ingredients in examples of each, state weed life cycles and name examples, and identify weeds botanically. Key topics include nutrient and water disorders and remedies, modes of action being contact or systemic, herbicide modes of selective and residual, and examples of chemicals and their modes of action. Common weeds are also defined botanically.
Year 2 week 13 presentation revised
This document covers a learning module on integrated pest management, containers for protected growing, and specific plant production techniques. It describes the importance of cultural and biological controls for pests and diseases. A variety of container materials are discussed as well as factors for choosing containers. Production methods are outlined for cyclamen, chrysanthemums, and other plants in a protected environment, along with their maintenance needs and common pests or diseases.
Rhs year 2 week 12 presentation 2020
This document discusses controlling the environment in protected structures like greenhouses. It describes factors that affect light levels, such as the shape, orientation, and materials of the structure. It also discusses maintaining temperature through heating, cooling methods like ventilation and evaporation, and shading. The document covers manipulating relative humidity through damping down and ventilation. It describes irrigation methods like manual watering and automated drip systems. Finally, it discusses manipulating light levels with supplementary lighting and shading tools like blinds.
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This document discusses key principles of garden design including achieving unity, balance, rhythm, and simplicity. It describes balancing elements through symmetry or asymmetry and using scale, proportion, and texture. Color is discussed in terms of using complementary or harmonious tones. Shape and line provide structure and movement. Vertical elements divide space and control movement. Formal gardens strictly follow design rules while informal gardens have a looser, natural style. Different design styles reflect various cultures. The overall aim is for the garden to look intentionally designed yet natural and enjoyable.
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This document provides instruction on surveying and drawing a scale plan for a garden design project. It outlines the necessary equipment for surveying, such as tapes and pegs. Basic surveying techniques are described, including running measurements, offset measurements, and triangulation. Methods for recording data, such as sketch plans and booking sheets, are also covered. Finally, the document explains how to draw the scale plan using the survey measurements and data, including plotting features and joining points to complete the design plan.
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2) It describes how to orient the paper with North at the top and draw reference lines to indicate the alignment of structures. Features are drawn to scale by plotting measured points and joining them.
3) Offsets and triangulated points are plotted using rulers and protractors. The plan is checked using a measured distance before final inking. Completing the title block finishes the plan.
Week 2 recording the survey data
This document provides guidance on recording survey data through the use of booking sheets or sketch diagrams. It recommends setting up a booking sheet with parallel lines to represent the survey tape and bubbles to record measurements and features alongside. Measurements should be taken working from the start point along the tape and recorded clearly. A check measurement can confirm accuracy. Alternately, a sketch diagram can be used for simple surveys but may become disorganized with many measurements. The document aims to describe setting up and using booking sheets or diagrams to effectively capture survey measurements and notes.
Week 2 surveying basics online
This document provides an introduction to surveying land for garden planning and design. It outlines the basic equipment needed which includes measuring tapes, pegs, a compass, and level. The surveying process is described in two parts: first, the area is divided into triangular sections and a sketch map is made noting features. Second, specific techniques are described for measuring distances and angles between points, and for orienting the entire survey to true north using a compass. Completing this introduction provides the necessary skills to proceed to Part 2 on specific surveying techniques.
Note taking
Effective note taking has three parts: reading to understand material, recording notes in your own words by condensing information, and reviewing notes to memorize and apply what was learned. There are several note taking methods including mind maps for overviews, bullet points for main ideas, summaries to check understanding, and flow or spray notes for processes. Mind maps organize topics around a central idea using thick main branches and thin sub-branches connected by words or pictures. The Cornell note taking system divides a page into a main area for bullet point notes, a cue column for keywords and questions, and a summary section. Flow charts represent processes through a series of steps connected by arrows.
Note taking
Effective note taking has three parts: reading to understand material, recording notes in your own words by condensing and selecting key ideas, and reviewing notes to test memory. Note taking methods include mind maps for overviews, bullet points for main ideas, summaries to check understanding, and flow or spray notes for processes. The Cornell note taking system divides a page into sections for notes, cues, and summaries to aid active reading, recording, and reviewing.
Week 31 on line introduction
Woody plants like trees, shrubs, and hedges form the structural elements of planting schemes. They provide year-round visibility and can be used as anchors, to divide space, and provide scale and proportion. Trees are the largest plants and create privacy and focal points. Hedges serve functions like boundaries, privacy, and structure by dividing gardens. Shrubs come in many sizes, colors, textures, and shapes and provide foliage and flowers throughout the year. This lesson reviews key information about using woody plants in design and the types of plants available.
Herbaceous perennials examples
This document lists examples of herbaceous perennials for different landscape uses including open sites/borders and prairie planting, shade, and ground cover. It provides the Latin names and some common names of 18 different perennial plants including Acanthus spinosus, Rudbeckia fulgida, Veronica spicata, and Pulmonaria longifolia.
Alpine plant examples
The document lists 12 rock and alpine plant examples that could be included in an RHS Level 2 Certificate. It includes common plant varieties such as Sempervivum 'Othello', Gentiana aculius, Aubretia deltoidea, and Iberis sempervirens that are suitable for rock gardens and alpine conditions.
Week 27 on line chapter 2 plan drawing
This document provides instructions for drawing a site plan from survey measurements taken in the field. It discusses the necessary equipment, including paper, rulers, pencils, and drawing tools. It explains how to orient the plan with North at the top using a protractor. The instructions describe how to start drawing the plan by plotting survey points to scale and joining them to represent features. It also covers techniques for plotting offset and triangulated points measured in the field. Finally, it discusses checking the accuracy of the plan using a measured check distance before inking in the final lines.
Week 27 online part 3 recording survey data
This document provides instructions for recording survey data through the use of booking sheets and sketch diagrams. It describes setting up a booking sheet with parallel lines to represent the survey chain and bubbles to record measurements and features alongside. Distances should be recorded from the bottom to the top of the sheet as the survey progresses along the chain. A sketch diagram can also be used for simple surveys but may become disorganized with many measurements. The document emphasizes clearly recording data, taking check distances, and using offsets and triangulation as needed. The overall aim is to describe how to carry out basic surveying techniques and methods for properly recording the collected data.
Week 27 online part 1 surveying
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Week 26 rhs level 2 certificate on line draft
This document provides guidance on conducting a site assessment for garden planning. It emphasizes the importance of a methodical and thorough review of the site through questionnaires, notes, and sketch plans to record key features and areas. The assessment should consider views, aspect, climate, soil, existing features, services, and other physical, environmental, and legal characteristics of the site that will influence the garden design. Taking careful measurements and notes of slopes, drainage, microclimates and more will ensure all relevant details are captured to inform the eventual design plan.
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- 9. Crop Rotation – benefits and limitations Inflexible – intercropping, catch cropping or mixed cropping do not fit well Planning the rotation also enables planning succession Personal taste is vital on a small scale – the grower might like brassicas but not carrots. One crop can benefit the next in the rotation – nitrogen fixing legumes; potatoes suppress weeds Most pests and diseases are mobile or have long persistence Minimises plant problems – pests, diseases and deficiencies Limitations Benefits