Rhd ppt BY VAISHALI
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Rheumatic heart disease is caused by an inflammatory response to a group A streptococcal throat infection, which can damage the heart valves and cause them to leak or become obstructed. It most commonly affects children between ages 5-15 and is associated with poor living conditions and seasonal upper respiratory infections. Symptoms include fever, joint pain, and heart murmurs. Diagnosis involves throat cultures, blood tests, echocardiograms and x-rays. Treatment focuses on eradicating the infection, managing symptoms, and may include surgery to repair or replace damaged valves if medication is not effective.
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Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. It can be acute, affecting those with healthy valves, or subacute, affecting those with pre-existing valve disease. Common causes are bacteria like staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus viridans. Risk factors include congenital heart defects, a history of endocarditis, or damaged heart valves. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, sweats, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiograms, electrocardiograms and chest x-rays. Treatment requires high doses of intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to repair or replace damaged valves. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for fever and complications, encouraging rest, and
Acute pericarditis
The document discusses acute pericarditis, which is the most common disorder of the pericardium. The pericardium is a sac surrounding the heart. Acute pericarditis can be caused by infections, cardiac issues, autoimmune diseases, metabolic problems, neoplasms, drugs, or trauma. Common symptoms include chest pain, a pericardial friction rub sound, and ECG changes showing widespread concave ST elevation. Treatment typically involves NSAIDs and colchicine, though some cases require invasive therapies like drainage. Prognosis is generally good, but risks include cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis.
Rheumatic heart disease Nursing.ppt
Here I have attached a Rheumatic heart disease ppt which may give appropriate information about that disease condition and also it may coverd nursing care Regarding above mentioned topic.
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic condition that results from damage to the heart valves from rheumatic fever, which occurs as a sequela to group A streptococcal infection. The pathophysiology involves inflammation of the heart tissues from the infection that affects the heart valves and causes valve leakage and narrowing. Nursing assessment focuses on signs of carditis, joint pain, and fever, while management includes bed rest, antipyretics, antibiotics, pain medications, maintaining activity levels and cardiac output, and educating patients on prevention.
Valvular heart diseases 4
This document discusses various types of valvular heart diseases including stenosis, insufficiency, and combinations of the two. Specific conditions covered include calcific aortic stenosis caused by age-related degeneration, myxomatous mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. The morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria for each condition are described in detail.
Infective diseases of heart
1) The document discusses various infective diseases of the heart, focusing on pericarditis. It defines pericarditis as inflammation of the pericardium, and describes different types including acute and chronic forms.
2) Causes of pericarditis include viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections, drug reactions, collagen diseases, myocardial injury, radiation, and neoplasms. Common symptoms are chest pain, palpitations, fever and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves EKG, echocardiogram, cardiac enzymes and sometimes pericardiocentesis.
3) Treatment involves NSAIDs, colchicines, or corticosteroids depending on severity. Some
Myocarditis
This document discusses myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle. It can be caused by various infections, autoimmune disorders, or allergic drug reactions. Symptoms may include chest pain, arrhythmias, shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical exam, blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and potentially a myocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, managing heart failure symptoms, and supporting heart function through devices or transplants in severe cases. Nursing diagnoses for patients include risks of decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion due to reduced blood flow and pressure, as well as acute pain, deficiency in knowledge, and anxiety.
Myocarditis
Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the myocardium that is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates and myocyte degeneration or necrosis. It is most often caused by viruses, which can damage the myocardium in three phases: acute viral replication, autoimmune injury, and a chronic dilated cardiomyopathy phase. Symptoms range from being asymptomatic to acute cardiogenic shock and sudden death, and may include fever, respiratory distress, chest discomfort, and signs of heart failure. Diagnosis involves electrocardiogram changes, chest x-ray showing cardiomegaly, echocardiogram demonstrating reduced systolic function, and endomyocardial biopsy identifying inflammation. Treatment is supportive with medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers
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Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. It can be acute, affecting those with healthy valves, or subacute, affecting those with pre-existing valve disease. Common causes are bacteria like staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus viridans. Risk factors include congenital heart defects, a history of endocarditis, or damaged heart valves. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, sweats, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, echocardiograms, electrocardiograms and chest x-rays. Treatment requires high doses of intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to repair or replace damaged valves. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for fever and complications, encouraging rest, and
Acute pericarditis
The document discusses acute pericarditis, which is the most common disorder of the pericardium. The pericardium is a sac surrounding the heart. Acute pericarditis can be caused by infections, cardiac issues, autoimmune diseases, metabolic problems, neoplasms, drugs, or trauma. Common symptoms include chest pain, a pericardial friction rub sound, and ECG changes showing widespread concave ST elevation. Treatment typically involves NSAIDs and colchicine, though some cases require invasive therapies like drainage. Prognosis is generally good, but risks include cardiac tamponade or constrictive pericarditis.
Rheumatic heart disease Nursing.ppt
Here I have attached a Rheumatic heart disease ppt which may give appropriate information about that disease condition and also it may coverd nursing care Regarding above mentioned topic.
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic condition that results from damage to the heart valves from rheumatic fever, which occurs as a sequela to group A streptococcal infection. The pathophysiology involves inflammation of the heart tissues from the infection that affects the heart valves and causes valve leakage and narrowing. Nursing assessment focuses on signs of carditis, joint pain, and fever, while management includes bed rest, antipyretics, antibiotics, pain medications, maintaining activity levels and cardiac output, and educating patients on prevention.
Valvular heart diseases 4
This document discusses various types of valvular heart diseases including stenosis, insufficiency, and combinations of the two. Specific conditions covered include calcific aortic stenosis caused by age-related degeneration, myxomatous mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis, and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. The morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria for each condition are described in detail.
Infective diseases of heart
1) The document discusses various infective diseases of the heart, focusing on pericarditis. It defines pericarditis as inflammation of the pericardium, and describes different types including acute and chronic forms.
2) Causes of pericarditis include viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections, drug reactions, collagen diseases, myocardial injury, radiation, and neoplasms. Common symptoms are chest pain, palpitations, fever and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves EKG, echocardiogram, cardiac enzymes and sometimes pericardiocentesis.
3) Treatment involves NSAIDs, colchicines, or corticosteroids depending on severity. Some
Myocarditis
This document discusses myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle. It can be caused by various infections, autoimmune disorders, or allergic drug reactions. Symptoms may include chest pain, arrhythmias, shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves collecting a medical history, physical exam, blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and potentially a myocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, managing heart failure symptoms, and supporting heart function through devices or transplants in severe cases. Nursing diagnoses for patients include risks of decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion due to reduced blood flow and pressure, as well as acute pain, deficiency in knowledge, and anxiety.
Myocarditis
Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the myocardium that is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltrates and myocyte degeneration or necrosis. It is most often caused by viruses, which can damage the myocardium in three phases: acute viral replication, autoimmune injury, and a chronic dilated cardiomyopathy phase. Symptoms range from being asymptomatic to acute cardiogenic shock and sudden death, and may include fever, respiratory distress, chest discomfort, and signs of heart failure. Diagnosis involves electrocardiogram changes, chest x-ray showing cardiomegaly, echocardiogram demonstrating reduced systolic function, and endomyocardial biopsy identifying inflammation. Treatment is supportive with medications like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers
Rheumatoid heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic condition resulting from rheumatic fever, which is caused by a streptococcus infection. This infection leads to inflammation in connective tissues like the heart, joints, blood vessels and skin. Over time, this inflammation can cause scarring and deformity of the heart valves through swelling, erosion and fibrous thickening of the valve leaflets. Major symptoms include heart murmurs, joint pain and skin rashes. Treatment focuses on antibiotics to destroy the bacteria, anti-inflammatories to reduce symptoms, and management of any heart valve complications.
Tuberculous pericardial effusion
Tuberculous pericardial effusion involves the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity due to tuberculosis infection, most commonly spreading from adjacent lymph nodes. It can cause symptoms like fever, cough, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves tests showing fluid in the pericardial sac on echocardiogram, abnormal fluid on pericardiocentesis, and confirmation of tuberculosis via culture or biopsy. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6-8 months along with corticosteroids to reduce symptoms and complications like constrictive pericarditis, which may require surgery. Timely treatment can prevent life-threatening cardiac tamponade.
Cor pulmonale 1
Cor pulmonale is right heart failure caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension. It is often caused by lung diseases like COPD and asthma, or pulmonary vascular diseases like pulmonary embolism. Symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue and syncope. Signs include elevated jugular venous pressure, heart murmurs, hepatomegaly and edema. Investigations show signs of pulmonary hypertension and right heart strain on tests like chest x-ray and ECG. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, respiratory failure with oxygen, and cardiac failure with diuretics. The prognosis is generally poor with 50% of patients dying within 5 years.
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart. Normally up to 50 mL of fluid is present but the cavity can hold up to 2 L if the fluid builds up slowly. Fluid accumulation can negatively impact heart function. There are four main types of pericardial effusion: transudative, exudative, hemorrhagic, and malignant. The two main causes are an imbalance of fluid pressures that allows fluid to leave blood vessels, or inflammation/injury of the pericardium. Symptoms include chest pain, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Fluid is collected via pericardiocentesis and tested based on
CVS Pathology 1 - Rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis and valvula...
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Inflammatory Heart Disease
Inflammatory Heart Disease can cause pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, or rheumatic fever. Pericarditis is inflammation of the sac around the heart while myocarditis involves the heart muscle. Endocarditis is a bacterial infection of the heart valves. Rheumatic fever develops after a streptococcal throat infection and can cause long-term heart damage through rheumatic heart disease.
Valvular Heart Diseases - Final Year Lecture
Rheumatic fever is caused by a streptococcal infection and commonly presents in children and young adults in developing countries. It can cause valvular heart disease by generating an immune response that damages the heart valves. The mitral and aortic valves are most often affected, leading to stenosis or regurgitation and symptoms like dyspnea and palpitations. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent initial infection, lifestyle changes, and potentially valve repair or replacement surgery for severe cases.
Pericardial disease
This document summarizes three types of pericardial disease: pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Pericardial effusion involves abnormal fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity and can be caused by heart failure, kidney disease, or infections. Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency where a sudden large amount of fluid impairs heart function and can cause shock. Constrictive pericarditis develops after pericarditis and involves scarring that stiffens the pericardium and limits heart filling.
Pericarditis. Pericardial Disease
The document discusses the anatomy, functions, pathophysiology, etiologies, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pericardial diseases including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Key points include: the pericardium has visceral and parietal layers separated by pericardial fluid; pericarditis can be caused by infection, autoimmune disorders, neoplasms or trauma; tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates under pressure, compressing the heart; constrictive pericarditis involves fibrosis and scarring that restricts diastolic filling.
Imaging of Pericardial effusion
The document discusses pericardial effusion, beginning with the anatomy of the pericardium. It then covers causes of pericardial effusion including idiopathic, inflammatory, infectious, post-surgical/trauma, and malignancy. Imaging methods for diagnosing pericardial effusion are described, including echocardiography, CT and MRI. Characteristic signs on different imaging modalities are provided. Management options for pericardial effusion include conservative care for small, asymptomatic effusions, pericardiocentesis for large or symptomatic effusions, and pericardial fenestration for recurrent effusions.
Myocarditis
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests to check for elevated infection markers and cardiac enzymes, and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying infection, reducing the heart's workload through bed rest and medication, and monitoring for signs of heart failure or arrhythmias.
Pericarditis / nursing care
This document discusses pericarditis, an inflammatory condition of the pericardium. It defines pericarditis and lists various causes including viral or bacterial infections, connective tissue disorders, and cancers. Symptoms include chest pain relieved by sitting forward and a pericardial friction rub. Diagnostic tests include ECG, chest x-ray, and blood tests. Complications can include arrhythmias or pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause with antibiotics, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids. Nursing care focuses on rest, monitoring for complications, administering medications, and health education.
Inflammatory diseases of heart
The inflammation of the heart muscles, such as myocarditis, the membrane sac which surrounds the heart called as pericarditis, and the inner lining of the heart or the myocardium, heart muscle as endocarditis are known as the inflammatory heart diseases.
7 cor pulmonale
Cor Pulmonale, also known as pulmonary heart disease, is caused by high blood pressure in the lungs secondary to diseases affecting the lungs, chest wall, or pulmonary vasculature. It is characterized by hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle of the heart in response to the elevated pulmonary pressures. The main symptoms include cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, fatigue, and leg swelling. Diagnosis involves assessing the patient's medical history along with tests such as chest x-rays, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and blood gas analysis. Treatment focuses on controlling infections, improving oxygen levels, managing heart failure, and preventing complications through patient monitoring and education.
8. Disease of myocardium
The document discusses disease of the myocardium or heart muscle. It identifies two main categories: 1) primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathy and 2) specific heart muscle disease which includes myocarditis and heart muscle disease associated with other conditions like toxins, metabolic disorders, etc. Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle with leukocyte infiltration and necrosis of heart muscle cells. Causes include various viruses, bacteria, hypersensitivity reactions, and some cases are idiopathic. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into three patterns: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
Pericarditis
Myocarditis and pericarditis are inflammatory conditions of the heart muscle and sac surrounding the heart respectively. Myocarditis has many causes including viral infections, drugs, and connective tissue diseases. It can cause chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias. On biopsy, lymphocytic infiltrate is often seen. Pericarditis can be acute and self-limiting due to viruses, or chronic with fibrosis in conditions like tuberculosis which can lead to constrictive pericarditis. Both conditions require diagnosis via biopsy or imaging and treatment of the underlying cause.
Pericarditis
Pericarditis is an inflammatory process of the pericardium caused by injury to pericardial cells. This leads to an accumulation of fluid, fibrin, and cells between the two layers of the pericardium, causing friction and pain. Clinical manifestations include sharp chest pain exacerbated by deep breathing that may radiate to the shoulders, as well as a pericardial friction rub heard on auscultation. Complications include arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and pain with NSAIDs.
Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion, & Cardiac Tamponade - BMH/Tele
The document discusses pericarditis, which is inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, medications, or other conditions. Symptoms include chest pain that worsens with breathing or movement. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids, or stopping causative medications. Complications can include pericardial effusions that accumulate fluid and cause cardiac tamponade, a medical emergency.
Pericarditis for student
1. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium and can be caused by viral infections, autoimmune diseases, uremia, or other conditions.
2. It presents clinically as chest pain, pericardial friction rub, dyspnea, or fever and is diagnosed using echocardiogram, ECG, or pericardiocentesis.
3. Treatment involves identifying the cause, administering medications like NSAIDs or steroids, and monitoring for complications like cardiac tamponade.
Rhd ppt
Rheumatic heart disease is an inflammatory disease that causes damage to the heart valves and chambers as a result of a prior Group A streptococcal infection, usually occurring in childhood. It leads to valve leakage and narrowing due to scarring of the valves and surrounding tissues from the body's immune response to the infection. Diagnosis involves identifying risk factors, signs and symptoms of valve damage or dysfunction through echocardiogram, EKG and other cardiac tests. Treatment focuses on eliminating infection, reducing inflammation, and surgically repairing or replacing damaged valves if needed to improve heart function.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that results from rheumatic fever, which causes inflammation and scarring of the heart valves, usually the mitral and aortic valves. It is most common in children ages 5-15 from low socioeconomic backgrounds living in crowded conditions. Long term antibiotic prophylaxis is needed to prevent recurrent streptococcal infections and further heart damage. For those with valve damage, treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload through bed rest, medications, and possibly surgery such as valve repair or replacement.
Rhd (4)
Rheumatic heart disease is damage to one or more heart valves caused by rheumatic fever, which is a complication of untreated strep throat. The heart valves become stretched, scarred, or blocked, preventing them from functioning properly. This can lead to blood flowing backward or being blocked, requiring heart surgery. Symptoms include fever, joint pain, rashes, and heart murmurs. Diagnosis involves physical exams, echocardiograms, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics to prevent future infections, medications, and possibly valve surgery to repair or replace damaged valves. Complications can include heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and endocarditis.
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Rheumatoid heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic condition resulting from rheumatic fever, which is caused by a streptococcus infection. This infection leads to inflammation in connective tissues like the heart, joints, blood vessels and skin. Over time, this inflammation can cause scarring and deformity of the heart valves through swelling, erosion and fibrous thickening of the valve leaflets. Major symptoms include heart murmurs, joint pain and skin rashes. Treatment focuses on antibiotics to destroy the bacteria, anti-inflammatories to reduce symptoms, and management of any heart valve complications.
Tuberculous pericardial effusion
Tuberculous pericardial effusion involves the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity due to tuberculosis infection, most commonly spreading from adjacent lymph nodes. It can cause symptoms like fever, cough, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves tests showing fluid in the pericardial sac on echocardiogram, abnormal fluid on pericardiocentesis, and confirmation of tuberculosis via culture or biopsy. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6-8 months along with corticosteroids to reduce symptoms and complications like constrictive pericarditis, which may require surgery. Timely treatment can prevent life-threatening cardiac tamponade.
Cor pulmonale 1
Cor pulmonale is right heart failure caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension. It is often caused by lung diseases like COPD and asthma, or pulmonary vascular diseases like pulmonary embolism. Symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue and syncope. Signs include elevated jugular venous pressure, heart murmurs, hepatomegaly and edema. Investigations show signs of pulmonary hypertension and right heart strain on tests like chest x-ray and ECG. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, respiratory failure with oxygen, and cardiac failure with diuretics. The prognosis is generally poor with 50% of patients dying within 5 years.
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart. Normally up to 50 mL of fluid is present but the cavity can hold up to 2 L if the fluid builds up slowly. Fluid accumulation can negatively impact heart function. There are four main types of pericardial effusion: transudative, exudative, hemorrhagic, and malignant. The two main causes are an imbalance of fluid pressures that allows fluid to leave blood vessels, or inflammation/injury of the pericardium. Symptoms include chest pain, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Fluid is collected via pericardiocentesis and tested based on
CVS Pathology 1 - Rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis and valvula...
Pathology of rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis and valvular heart disease for medical students
Inflammatory Heart Disease
Inflammatory Heart Disease can cause pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, or rheumatic fever. Pericarditis is inflammation of the sac around the heart while myocarditis involves the heart muscle. Endocarditis is a bacterial infection of the heart valves. Rheumatic fever develops after a streptococcal throat infection and can cause long-term heart damage through rheumatic heart disease.
Valvular Heart Diseases - Final Year Lecture
Rheumatic fever is caused by a streptococcal infection and commonly presents in children and young adults in developing countries. It can cause valvular heart disease by generating an immune response that damages the heart valves. The mitral and aortic valves are most often affected, leading to stenosis or regurgitation and symptoms like dyspnea and palpitations. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent initial infection, lifestyle changes, and potentially valve repair or replacement surgery for severe cases.
Pericardial disease
This document summarizes three types of pericardial disease: pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Pericardial effusion involves abnormal fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity and can be caused by heart failure, kidney disease, or infections. Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency where a sudden large amount of fluid impairs heart function and can cause shock. Constrictive pericarditis develops after pericarditis and involves scarring that stiffens the pericardium and limits heart filling.
Pericarditis. Pericardial Disease
The document discusses the anatomy, functions, pathophysiology, etiologies, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pericardial diseases including pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. Key points include: the pericardium has visceral and parietal layers separated by pericardial fluid; pericarditis can be caused by infection, autoimmune disorders, neoplasms or trauma; tamponade occurs when fluid rapidly accumulates under pressure, compressing the heart; constrictive pericarditis involves fibrosis and scarring that restricts diastolic filling.
Imaging of Pericardial effusion
The document discusses pericardial effusion, beginning with the anatomy of the pericardium. It then covers causes of pericardial effusion including idiopathic, inflammatory, infectious, post-surgical/trauma, and malignancy. Imaging methods for diagnosing pericardial effusion are described, including echocardiography, CT and MRI. Characteristic signs on different imaging modalities are provided. Management options for pericardial effusion include conservative care for small, asymptomatic effusions, pericardiocentesis for large or symptomatic effusions, and pericardial fenestration for recurrent effusions.
Myocarditis
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests to check for elevated infection markers and cardiac enzymes, and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying infection, reducing the heart's workload through bed rest and medication, and monitoring for signs of heart failure or arrhythmias.
Pericarditis / nursing care
This document discusses pericarditis, an inflammatory condition of the pericardium. It defines pericarditis and lists various causes including viral or bacterial infections, connective tissue disorders, and cancers. Symptoms include chest pain relieved by sitting forward and a pericardial friction rub. Diagnostic tests include ECG, chest x-ray, and blood tests. Complications can include arrhythmias or pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause with antibiotics, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids. Nursing care focuses on rest, monitoring for complications, administering medications, and health education.
Inflammatory diseases of heart
The inflammation of the heart muscles, such as myocarditis, the membrane sac which surrounds the heart called as pericarditis, and the inner lining of the heart or the myocardium, heart muscle as endocarditis are known as the inflammatory heart diseases.
7 cor pulmonale
Cor Pulmonale, also known as pulmonary heart disease, is caused by high blood pressure in the lungs secondary to diseases affecting the lungs, chest wall, or pulmonary vasculature. It is characterized by hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle of the heart in response to the elevated pulmonary pressures. The main symptoms include cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, fatigue, and leg swelling. Diagnosis involves assessing the patient's medical history along with tests such as chest x-rays, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and blood gas analysis. Treatment focuses on controlling infections, improving oxygen levels, managing heart failure, and preventing complications through patient monitoring and education.
8. Disease of myocardium
The document discusses disease of the myocardium or heart muscle. It identifies two main categories: 1) primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathy and 2) specific heart muscle disease which includes myocarditis and heart muscle disease associated with other conditions like toxins, metabolic disorders, etc. Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle with leukocyte infiltration and necrosis of heart muscle cells. Causes include various viruses, bacteria, hypersensitivity reactions, and some cases are idiopathic. Primary cardiomyopathy is divided into three patterns: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
Pericarditis
Myocarditis and pericarditis are inflammatory conditions of the heart muscle and sac surrounding the heart respectively. Myocarditis has many causes including viral infections, drugs, and connective tissue diseases. It can cause chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias. On biopsy, lymphocytic infiltrate is often seen. Pericarditis can be acute and self-limiting due to viruses, or chronic with fibrosis in conditions like tuberculosis which can lead to constrictive pericarditis. Both conditions require diagnosis via biopsy or imaging and treatment of the underlying cause.
Pericarditis
Pericarditis is an inflammatory process of the pericardium caused by injury to pericardial cells. This leads to an accumulation of fluid, fibrin, and cells between the two layers of the pericardium, causing friction and pain. Clinical manifestations include sharp chest pain exacerbated by deep breathing that may radiate to the shoulders, as well as a pericardial friction rub heard on auscultation. Complications include arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and pain with NSAIDs.
Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion, & Cardiac Tamponade - BMH/Tele
The document discusses pericarditis, which is inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium). It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, medications, or other conditions. Symptoms include chest pain that worsens with breathing or movement. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids, or stopping causative medications. Complications can include pericardial effusions that accumulate fluid and cause cardiac tamponade, a medical emergency.
Pericarditis for student
1. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium and can be caused by viral infections, autoimmune diseases, uremia, or other conditions.
2. It presents clinically as chest pain, pericardial friction rub, dyspnea, or fever and is diagnosed using echocardiogram, ECG, or pericardiocentesis.
3. Treatment involves identifying the cause, administering medications like NSAIDs or steroids, and monitoring for complications like cardiac tamponade.
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CVS Pathology 1 - Rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis and valvula...
CVS Pathology 1 - Rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis and valvula...
Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion, & Cardiac Tamponade - BMH/Tele
Pericarditis, Pericardial Effusion, & Cardiac Tamponade - BMH/Tele
Similar to Rhd ppt BY VAISHALI
Rhd ppt
Rheumatic heart disease is an inflammatory disease that causes damage to the heart valves and chambers as a result of a prior Group A streptococcal infection, usually occurring in childhood. It leads to valve leakage and narrowing due to scarring of the valves and surrounding tissues from the body's immune response to the infection. Diagnosis involves identifying risk factors, signs and symptoms of valve damage or dysfunction through echocardiogram, EKG and other cardiac tests. Treatment focuses on eliminating infection, reducing inflammation, and surgically repairing or replacing damaged valves if needed to improve heart function.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that results from rheumatic fever, which causes inflammation and scarring of the heart valves, usually the mitral and aortic valves. It is most common in children ages 5-15 from low socioeconomic backgrounds living in crowded conditions. Long term antibiotic prophylaxis is needed to prevent recurrent streptococcal infections and further heart damage. For those with valve damage, treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload through bed rest, medications, and possibly surgery such as valve repair or replacement.
Rhd (4)
Rheumatic heart disease is damage to one or more heart valves caused by rheumatic fever, which is a complication of untreated strep throat. The heart valves become stretched, scarred, or blocked, preventing them from functioning properly. This can lead to blood flowing backward or being blocked, requiring heart surgery. Symptoms include fever, joint pain, rashes, and heart murmurs. Diagnosis involves physical exams, echocardiograms, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics to prevent future infections, medications, and possibly valve surgery to repair or replace damaged valves. Complications can include heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, and endocarditis.
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, which causes inflammation of all layers of the heart. It is characterized by scarring and deformity of the heart valves, most commonly affecting the mitral and aortic valves. Rheumatic fever is caused by an untreated streptococcal infection and occurs most often in children aged 5-15 from low socioeconomic backgrounds. It leads to 40-60% of cases developing rheumatic heart disease. Medical management focuses on preventing recurrent streptococcal infections with long-term antibiotic prophylaxis while surgical intervention may be needed for severe valve damage or heart failure.
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
Rheumatic heart disease is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, which causes inflammation of the heart valves and surrounding tissues. It is most commonly caused by an untreated streptococcal infection of the throat. The mitral and aortic valves are usually affected, leading to scarring, narrowing, and improper closing of the valves. Treatment involves long-term antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent streptococcal infections, as well as medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes to manage heart failure symptoms and repair or replace damaged valves. Nursing care focuses on pain management, monitoring for heart failure, educating patients, and reducing anxiety.
Pulmonary tromboembolia
1. Pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood clot in the lung, usually formed in the deep veins of the lower limbs. It is a leading cause of preventable death in hospitalized patients.
2. Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, increased heart rate, coughing up blood, and fainting. Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors and test like D-dimer and CT scan.
3. Treatment involves anticoagulant drugs to dissolve clots initially by injection and then orally for 3-6 months. Prevention focuses on continuing anticoagulants, lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, wearing compression stockings, and early movement after surgery.
MI, RHD.pptx
Congenital heart disease can result from abnormalities present at birth during embryonic development of the heart and vessels. Causes are often unknown but may include genetic and environmental factors. Defects are grouped as those causing right-to-left shunts, left-to-right shunts, or obstructions. Common left-to-right shunt defects include atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and atrioventricular septal defects. Right-to-left shunt defects include tetralogy of Fallot. Infective endocarditis is a bacterial infection of heart valves or tissues, characterized by vegetations
Pulmonary tromboembolia
Pulmonary thromboembolism is caused by a blood clot in the lung arteries, usually forming in the deep leg veins and then traveling to the lung. It reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to the lungs and heart. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, and fainting. Diagnosis involves assessing risk factors and test like D-dimer blood test and CT scan of the chest. Treatment is initially parenteral anticoagulants to dissolve clots followed by long-term oral anticoagulants to prevent future clots for at least 3 months and sometimes lifelong for high-risk patients. Prevention focuses on continued anticoagulation, lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, wearing compression
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by an autoimmune reaction to strep throat infection. It involves inflammation of the heart valves and can lead to valve damage over time. The mitral and aortic valves are most commonly affected, resulting in stenosis or insufficiency. Symptoms may include fever, joint pain, or heart murmurs. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent recurrence, along with medications, activity restriction, and possibly valve surgery for severe cases. Nursing care focuses on reducing fever, monitoring the heart for changes, limiting activity, and educating patients and their families.
Acute rheumatic fever.pptx
Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disorder triggered by Group A streptococcal infection that causes inflammation in the heart, joints, brain, and skin. It most commonly affects children ages 5-15. Symptoms include fever, joint pain, and heart complications. Diagnosis involves evidence of a prior streptococcal infection and either two major symptoms or one major and two minor symptoms. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is needed to prevent recurrence and further heart damage. Without treatment, acute rheumatic fever can lead to rheumatic heart disease.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease is a systemic inflammatory disease that commonly affects children between 5-15 years old after a streptococcal throat infection. It involves inflammation of the heart valves and tissue, which can lead to valve damage over time from conditions like endocarditis. Common signs and symptoms include polyarthritis, rash, subcutaneous nodules, and heart murmurs. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated inflammatory markers and echocardiography to evaluate the heart valves and function. Treatment depends on the severity of valve involvement but may include surgery such as valve repair or replacement for severe cases.
Hemoptysis
This document discusses haemoptysis (expectoration of blood from the lungs or respiratory tract below the larynx). It notes that haemoptysis is a common symptom seen in 7-15% of chest clinic visits. The document outlines the causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup and classification of haemoptysis. It distinguishes between mild, moderate and massive haemoptysis and discusses different treatment approaches depending on the severity, with a focus on management of massive haemoptysis, which is a medical emergency.
Valvular Heart Disease-1,Lecture 3 (1).pdf
1) Rheumatic valvular heart disease is caused by an autoimmune response to a group A streptococcal infection where antibodies cross-react with the heart valves, commonly causing mitral stenosis or regurgitation.
2) Mitral stenosis results from progressive scarring and fusion of the mitral valve from rheumatic fever, restricting blood flow from the left atrium to ventricle. Symptoms include breathlessness and pulmonary congestion.
3) Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly in systole, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium. It can be caused by rheumatic fever, valve prolapse, or papillary muscle damage
cardiac disruptions alterations in oxygenation
Alterations in oxygenation of the heart can occur due to decreased blood supply or increased oxygen demand. Decreased blood supply is typically caused by conditions that limit blood flow such as atherosclerosis, blood clots, or vasospasm. Increased demand can be from factors like high blood pressure, thickened heart muscles, or increased heart rate. Common consequences include angina, heart attacks, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Treatment focuses on reducing risk factors and oxygen demand on the heart through medications, lifestyle changes, and procedures to restore blood flow.
Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by rheumatic fever, which occurs after a streptococcal throat infection and causes inflammation of the heart valves. Genetic factors influence the risk of developing rheumatic heart disease. Acute rheumatic fever causes inflammatory lesions called Aschoff bodies in heart tissue that contain characteristic giant cells. Long-term rheumatic heart disease results in thickened and scarred heart valves that may become narrowed or insufficient.
VALVULAR HEART DISEASES.pptx
This document discusses valvular heart diseases. It describes how valves can become narrowed (stenosis) or fail to close adequately (regurgitation). The main causes of valve disease are discussed for both regurgitation and stenosis. Doppler echocardiography is highlighted as the most useful technique for assessing valvular function but may detect minor abnormalities. Regular review is important for patients with valve disease to monitor progression. Specific valve diseases like mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and aortic stenosis are then described in more detail including causes, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, and management.
Infective endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis is a microbial infection of the heart valves or inner lining of the heart. It is most commonly caused by bacteria and can lead to the formation of vegetations on the heart valves. The diagnosis is based on the modified Duke criteria which incorporates blood culture results, echocardiography findings and clinical features such as fever, heart murmur and embolic phenomena. Early diagnosis is important to guide treatment, which typically involves prolonged intravenous antibiotics.
Rheumatic heart disease
This document provides information about rheumatic heart disease. It begins with definitions, noting it is a chronic condition resulting from rheumatic fever which involves scarring and deformity of the heart valves. Incidence is higher among those from poor socioeconomic backgrounds living in crowded, damp places. The disease is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection leading to rheumatic fever. This causes inflammation of the heart valves and formation of vegetations, resulting in valvular damage and potential heart failure. Clinical manifestations and treatments are also summarized.
Pediatrics 5th year, 18th & 19th lectures (Dr. Jamal)
Truncus arteriosus occurs when the aorta and pulmonary artery arise as one common trunk from both ventricles, often accompanied by a VSD and cyanosis. Treatment involves surgically restructuring the vessels. Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by downward displacement of the tricuspid valve, causing right heart enlargement and cyanosis. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome involves severe underdevelopment of the left heart structures. Pulmonary stenosis can be valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular and causes obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs. Congestive cardiac failure results from various heart defects or diseases impairing the heart's ability to pump
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Pediatrics 5th year, 18th & 19th lectures (Dr. Jamal)
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Rhd ppt BY VAISHALI
- 2. DEFINITION OF RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE:- It is an acute, recurrent inflammatory disease that causes damage to the heart as a sequel to group A beta- haemolytic streptococcal infection, particularly the valves, resulting in valves leakage and obstruction. There are associated compensatory changes in the size of heart’s chambers and the thickness of chamber walls.
- 3. ETIOLOGY:- It is a squeal to group A beta – haemolytic streptococcal infection that occurs in about 3% of untreated infection.
- 4. Age: It appears most commonly in children between the ages of 5 to 15 years.
- 5. Poor socio-economic status: People who are poor and belongs to low socio-economic conditions are prone to get rheumatic heart disease.
- 6. Over-crowding: people who are living are living in a slum or damp areas are more prone to get rheumatic disease.
- 7. Climate and season: It occurs more in the rainy season and in the cold climate
- 8. Upper respiratory tract infection: rheumatic fever is an outcome of upper respiratory tract infection.
- 9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:- Due to causative agent (group A streptococcal infection) Connective tissue of the heart, blood vessels, joints and subcutaneous tissues can be affected. There is tissue necrosis occurs (surrounded by immune cells)
- 10. Heart valves are affected, resulting in valve leakage and narrowing Thickness of chamber walls occur All layers of heart are swelled (carditis) Impaired cardiac function, rheumatic fever will occur (if infection is more than 3 weeks)
- 11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Sudden onset of sore throat Swollen, tender lymph nodes Headache and fever 101o to 104o F Abdominal pain Warm and swollen joints (polyarthritis) Heart murmurs History of previous rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease.
- 13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:- Throat culture – streptococcal organisms
- 14. Elevated complete blood count, E.S.R
- 15. Echocardiogram – to confirm rhythm problems and structural changes( prolonged PR interval or heart block
- 16. Chest X-ray shows enlarged heart
- 17. Heart cathetherization- with chronic disease, heart catheterization has been performed to evaluate mitral and aortic valve disease and to ballon stenotic mitral valves.
- 19. COMPLICATIONS:- Valvular heart disease:- when heart valves that normally move blood efficiently through the heart chambers not fully open or fully closed, perfusion of heart and distal tissues is impaired and heart muscle is strained Cardiomyopathy:- it is a include sub acute or chronic disorders of the myocardium.
- 20. Heart failure:- it is physiologic state in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body (determined as oxygen consumption).
- 22. MANAGEMENT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:- Eradication infection Antimicrobial therapy: - killing microorganisms, or suppressing their multiplication or growth. Eg: tetracycline (penicillin) Maximize cardiac output Corticosteroids are used to treat carditis, especially if heart failure is evident. .
- 23. CONT… If heart failure develops, treatment, include ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and diuretics is effective. NSAIDs: - Salicylates:- it inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin and other mediators in the process of inflammation
- 24. Promote comfort Client with arthritic manifestation obtain relief with salicylates. Bes rest is usually prescribed to reduce cardiac effort until evidence of inflammation has subsided
- 25. SURGICAL MANGEMENT When heart failure persists or worsens after aggressive heart disease, surgery to decrease valve insufficiency may be life saving In acute rheumatic heart disease, cummisurotomy can be done to widen the valve.
- 26. CONT.. In patients with critical stenosis, mitral valvulotomy, percutaneous ballon valvuloplasty, mitral valve replacement may be indicated