Revista digital THE SENTENCES
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This document discusses different types of sentences in English based on their structure and purpose. There are three main types of sentences: 1. Simple, compound, and complex sentences. Simple sentences express a single idea, compound sentences join two independent clauses, and complex sentences contain one main clause and at least one dependent clause. 2. Declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences. Declarative sentences make statements, imperative sentences give commands, and interrogative sentences ask questions. 3. Exclamatory sentences are used to express strong emotions and end with an exclamation point. They often use words like "what" or "how" followed by a noun, adjective, or verb.
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This document provides an overview and explanation of 11 English verb tenses: simple present, simple past, present perfect, present progressive, future, past perfect, past progressive, past perfect progressive, future perfect, future progressive, and future perfect progressive. For each tense, the document explains when it is used, provides examples, identifies common indicators, and shows the basic verb forms. Diagrams illustrate how each tense relates to time. The document aims to review and clarify the differences between these common English verb tenses.
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The document discusses grammar and its key components. It defines sentence structure as having a subject, verb, and object. It lists the 9 parts of speech as noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, article, and interjection. Nouns are classified as proper, common, collective, and abstract. Pronouns are defined as subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and emphasizing pronouns. Examples are provided to illustrate each part of speech and pronoun type.
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Sentence Types by Function
Compiled and presented by Belachew W/Gebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English language and Literature
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
A sentence expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with appropriate terminal punctuation mark.
A sentence has at least one subject and one verb.
There are four types of sentences by function/meaning.
Declarative Sentence – statement
Interrogative Sentence - Question
Imperative Sentence – Command and Request
Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is punctuated by a period.
Examples: The concert begins in two hours.
Green is my favorite color.
Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.
I love my country.
Dr. Abegaz is the founder of Cardiac Center.
True love never fades with time.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends in a question Mark(?)
An indirect question ends with a period(.)
There are four different types of interrogative sentences: Wh-questions, yes or no questions, alternative questions, tag questions
Types of Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order or makes a polite request. Imperatives can also express good wish.
It ends with a period or exclamation mark (./!)
Example
Please lower your voice.
Meet me at the town square.
Would you close the door please?
Eat your lunch.
Have a good time at the picnic.
May you live long!
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings, great emotion or excitement.
It ends with exclamation mark.
Examples: Wow! That is great news!
The river is rising!
The house is on fire!
Oh, what a great job!
What an interesting story!
Practice Questions
Identify the sentence types.
What Kind of candy do you like?
Wow, you did great!
I love to watch old movies.
Go and bring me some paper.
Practice with key
What Kind of candy do you like?(Interrogative)
Wow, you did great! (Exclamatory)
I love to watch old movies. (Declarative)
Go and bring me some Paper. (Imperative)
Exercise
What a silly man!
You look so beautiful!
Two of my students were absent today.
Our math teacher is tall.
Watch carefully for pirate ships on the horizon.
The trains leaves tomorrow at noon.
Have you brushed your teeth today?
Stop talking so loudly!
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9. Shut the door please.
10. The train left an hour ago.
11. How old is your daughter?
12. Do not open the presents until the morning!
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A Sentence: Definition Examples, etc
Structural Parts of a Sentence
A sentence
• is a group of words which consists of subject and predicate and
• expresses a complete thought.
Subject – names who/what is being talked about
Predicate – tells us some thing about the subject (action/state of being)
Subject can be Predicate can be
Noun
Pronoun or
Noun Phrase Verb
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Verb + object (Direct and/or Indirect)
Verb + complement
Subject – names who/what is being talked about
Predicate – tells us sth about the subject (action/state of being)
Examples: Subject + Predicate (verb)
• The baby cried.
• The old man died.
• She has gone.
• The game ended.
• Everyone laughed.
• The beautiful girl giggled.
Examples: Subject + predicate (verb + adverb)
• The baby cried bitterly.
• The old man died yesterday.
• We worked hard.
• They played well.
Examples: Subject + Predicate (trans verb + object)
• The boy kicked the ball.
• The dog bit the girl.
• The satellite rotates the earth.
• Edison invented the electric bulb.
• The chairman made a livelily speech.
Examples: Subject + trans verb + Indirect Object + Direct object
• The President awarded him a gold medal.
• I bade my friends a sad farewell.
• He gave her some flowers.
• She told me an interesting story.
Subject + Predicate (link verb + Sub Complement)
• The room smells bad. verb to be
• She felt sick. sound
• Samuel is an engineer. smell
• The boy is clever. taste
• We are soldiers. feel
• This is a disastrous action. etc.
• She was a beloved girl.
• They were very friendly.
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• must have subject and predicate (verb);
• must express a complete thought;
• needs to make sense;
• must have a logical word order;
• has to begin with a capital letter and end with appropriate terminal/end punctuation mark (./?/!)
• can be short or long
• should be acceptable to native speakers of the language
Look at the following group of words. Can they qualify a sentence?
• The clever student in our class.
• If you go home earlier.
• Samuel killed a big stone.
• The party ruled South Africa for the past 40 years.
• are Ethiopians we all
• The beautiful girl walking down stairs.
• The rain was envious.
• She sang a beautiful song.
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2. Declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences. Declarative sentences make statements, imperative sentences give commands, and interrogative sentences ask questions.
3. Exclamatory sentences are used to express strong emotions and end with an exclamation point. They often use words like "what" or "how" followed by a noun, adjective, or verb.
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- The past simple tense which expresses completed actions in the past.
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- The present/past/future continuous tenses which express ongoing or progressive actions in the present/past/future. Examples are provided for each tense.
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This document discusses different types of verbs in English grammar:
1. Action verbs show actions like danced, drove, wrote.
2. Auxiliary verbs help show tense and form like is, was, have. They are used with main verbs.
3. Transitive verbs require direct objects to complete their meaning like ate, learnt.
4. Intransitive verbs do not have direct objects and express states of being like sleeps, burst.
5. Linking verbs connect subjects to nouns, pronouns or adjectives describing them like is, seem, appear. They are used in sentences like "He is tall" rather than to show actions.
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Sentence Types by Function
Sentence Types by Function
Compiled and presented by Belachew W/Gebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English language and Literature
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
A sentence expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with appropriate terminal punctuation mark.
A sentence has at least one subject and one verb.
There are four types of sentences by function/meaning.
Declarative Sentence – statement
Interrogative Sentence - Question
Imperative Sentence – Command and Request
Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is punctuated by a period.
Examples: The concert begins in two hours.
Green is my favorite color.
Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.
I love my country.
Dr. Abegaz is the founder of Cardiac Center.
True love never fades with time.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends in a question Mark(?)
An indirect question ends with a period(.)
There are four different types of interrogative sentences: Wh-questions, yes or no questions, alternative questions, tag questions
Types of Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order or makes a polite request. Imperatives can also express good wish.
It ends with a period or exclamation mark (./!)
Example
Please lower your voice.
Meet me at the town square.
Would you close the door please?
Eat your lunch.
Have a good time at the picnic.
May you live long!
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings, great emotion or excitement.
It ends with exclamation mark.
Examples: Wow! That is great news!
The river is rising!
The house is on fire!
Oh, what a great job!
What an interesting story!
Practice Questions
Identify the sentence types.
What Kind of candy do you like?
Wow, you did great!
I love to watch old movies.
Go and bring me some paper.
Practice with key
What Kind of candy do you like?(Interrogative)
Wow, you did great! (Exclamatory)
I love to watch old movies. (Declarative)
Go and bring me some Paper. (Imperative)
Exercise
What a silly man!
You look so beautiful!
Two of my students were absent today.
Our math teacher is tall.
Watch carefully for pirate ships on the horizon.
The trains leaves tomorrow at noon.
Have you brushed your teeth today?
Stop talking so loudly!
Exercise
9. Shut the door please.
10. The train left an hour ago.
11. How old is your daughter?
12. Do not open the presents until the morning!
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This document compares German and English from the perspective of an ESL teacher. It outlines some key differences between the two languages, including their alphabets, nouns/articles, cases, and word order. A case study is presented of a German immigrant who speaks English well but still makes some errors, with word order being the most common problem due to differences from German. Positives of English for German speakers are its alphabet/cognates and lack of noun gender/cases, while negatives include irregular pronunciations and crucial word order.
Complex Sentence - 複雑な文
Standard Listening Speech - Level 6
Complex Sentence
今回は「複雑な文」がフォーカスです。
関係詞以外にも、接続詞や分詞によって複雑な文がつくられます。
主節と従属節の概念をこちらで学習し、複雑な文を聴いても正確な理解につなげましょう。
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This document provides 5 reasons to learn English and discusses various skills and strategies for learning the language. The 5 reasons given are: 1) English is a global language used in many newspapers and information; 2) Most electronic information is in English; 3) Learning English opens opportunities for friends, jobs, and travel; 4) It allows learning about other cultures; 5) English language skills can be categorized into receptive (listening, reading) and productive (speaking, writing) skills, with different percentages of use. The document then discusses motivation, learning styles, immersing oneself in English environments, and practicing regularly as strategies for learning.
Basic writing skills A Sentence Definition, Examples, etc
A Sentence: Definition Examples, etc
Structural Parts of a Sentence
A sentence
• is a group of words which consists of subject and predicate and
• expresses a complete thought.
Subject – names who/what is being talked about
Predicate – tells us some thing about the subject (action/state of being)
Subject can be Predicate can be
Noun
Pronoun or
Noun Phrase Verb
Verb + adverb
Verb + object (Direct and/or Indirect)
Verb + complement
Subject – names who/what is being talked about
Predicate – tells us sth about the subject (action/state of being)
Examples: Subject + Predicate (verb)
• The baby cried.
• The old man died.
• She has gone.
• The game ended.
• Everyone laughed.
• The beautiful girl giggled.
Examples: Subject + predicate (verb + adverb)
• The baby cried bitterly.
• The old man died yesterday.
• We worked hard.
• They played well.
Examples: Subject + Predicate (trans verb + object)
• The boy kicked the ball.
• The dog bit the girl.
• The satellite rotates the earth.
• Edison invented the electric bulb.
• The chairman made a livelily speech.
Examples: Subject + trans verb + Indirect Object + Direct object
• The President awarded him a gold medal.
• I bade my friends a sad farewell.
• He gave her some flowers.
• She told me an interesting story.
Subject + Predicate (link verb + Sub Complement)
• The room smells bad. verb to be
• She felt sick. sound
• Samuel is an engineer. smell
• The boy is clever. taste
• We are soldiers. feel
• This is a disastrous action. etc.
• She was a beloved girl.
• They were very friendly.
A sentence
• must have subject and predicate (verb);
• must express a complete thought;
• needs to make sense;
• must have a logical word order;
• has to begin with a capital letter and end with appropriate terminal/end punctuation mark (./?/!)
• can be short or long
• should be acceptable to native speakers of the language
Look at the following group of words. Can they qualify a sentence?
• The clever student in our class.
• If you go home earlier.
• Samuel killed a big stone.
• The party ruled South Africa for the past 40 years.
• are Ethiopians we all
• The beautiful girl walking down stairs.
• The rain was envious.
• She sang a beautiful song.
Sounds good to me!
The document categorizes letter sounds and discusses the most confusing ones. It separates letters into voiced/unvoiced pairs that are made with the same mouth movements, continuants that can be held indefinitely, and different types of vowel sounds. The vowel sounds are the most confusing because you must look at the whole word to determine the sound, especially for short vowels, r-controlled vowels, diphthongs, and digraphs.
An introduction to phrases clauses and sentence
The document discusses syntax and its basic properties in English. It defines syntax as the property of human language related to sentence construction and how words are grouped to form phrases and sentences. Syntax is part of grammar and studies the syntactic properties of a language. The document then provides examples of basic syntactic structures in English including phrases, clauses, and sentence types.
TDC 1 - Class 11
The document discusses reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases. It provides examples and conclusions for different types of reductions:
1. Only clauses with subject pronouns like who, which, or that can be reduced to phrases.
2. If the clause contains a form of the verb "to be", the relative pronoun and verb can be omitted from the phrase.
3. If there is no form of "to be", the relative pronoun can be omitted and the main verb changed to a present participle form.
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I Know
What I Want
To Say,
But I Don’t
Know How
To Say It __
Seventh Edition
By David Dominguez, English Instructor
With special contributions by instructors from Reedley College: Eileen Apperson,
Emily Berg, David Borofka, Deborah Borofka, Vanessa Buldo, Linda Cooley,
Nicole Cooper, Rick Garza, Carey Karle, Deborah Lapp, Ryan LaSalle, Lori
Levine, Deborah Lyons, Rebecca Snyder, Elaine Stamper, and Kate Watts. Special
thanks also to all my former and current embedded tutors, especially Laura Hand.
2
For by some innate power the true sublime uplifts our souls; we are filled with a
proud exaltation and a sense of vaunting joy, just as though we ourselves produced
what we had heard.
—Longinus, On the Sublime
But the torero bitten by duende gives us a lesson in Pythagorean music and makes
us forget he is always tossing his heart over the bull’s horns.
—Federico Garcia Lorca, “Play and Theory of the Duende”
This book is dedicated to the Students of Reedley College.
3
CHAPTER ONE: Sentence Structure
I. Writing Complete Sentences 7
II. Avoiding Incomplete Sentences 7
III. Understanding Run-On Sentences: the Comma Splice and the Sentence Fuse 8
IV. Correcting Comma Splices and Sentence Fuses 9
V. Mastering the Four Sentence Types 9
VI. Avoiding Wordy, Confusing, and Vague Syntax 11
CHAPTER TWO: Punctuation Marks
I. How to Use the Apostrophe 13
II. How to Use the Colon 14
III. How to Use the Comma 15
IV. How Not to Use the Comma 18
V. How to Use the Dash 18
VI. How to Use the Ellipsis Mark 19
VII. How to Use Quotation Marks 20
VIII. How Not to Use Quotation Marks 20
IX. How to Use the Semicolon 21
CHAPTER THREE: Grammar
I. Adjectives and Adverbs 23
II. Prepositions 24
III. Pronouns 27
IV. Verb Errors 31
CHAPTER FOUR: Mechanics
I. Capitalization 39
II. Hyphens 40
III. Italics and Underlining 40
IV. Numbers 41
V. Titles of Works 42
CHAPTER FIVE: Maintaining an Academic Voice
I. Avoid Clichés 44
II. Avoid Slang 44
III. Avoid Social Media Jargon 45
IV. Avoid Confusing Shifts in Points of View 46
V. Proper Academic Voice 47
4
CHAPTER SIX: The Research Process and Avoiding Plagiarism
I. Sources 49
II. Evaluate Your Sources 49
III. Reedley College Database 49
IV. Staying Organized 49
V. Plagiarism 50
CHAPTER SEVEN: MLA Guidelines
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II. How to Summarize and Paraphrase—an Introduction 53
III. How to Summarize 53
IV. How to Paraphrase 54
V. How to Summarize and Paraphrase—Final Thoughts 54
VI. How to Use Signal Phrases and Parenthetical Citations with the Author Named in a Signal Phrase Method for In-text
Citations 55
VII. How to Format Short and Long Quotations of Prose and Poetry 59
VIII. How to use the MLA Author Named in a Signal Phrase to Cite Direct Quotations—the Basics 61
IX. How to Write a Works Cited ...
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- 3. Depending on their structure • Simple sentence : is one that expresses full sense to separate the paragraph, not dependent on each other to make sense. Example : Louis is an intelligent boy.
- 4. • Composed sentences: it is one formed by two simple sentences joined by a comma (,), a semicolon (;) or by independent conjunctions which are: and, but, so, or. Example : Louis is an intelligent boy and He is a good dancer.
- 5. • Complex sentence: is one that contains a main clause combined with one or more additional clauses or subordinate, that is, with others that make no sense by themselves if they separated from the main clause. These sentences are easy to identify because of the presence of link words, which are: Who, Whom, Which, that, whose, when, where. Example: The person you saw yesterday, whom the police arrested was a thief. He told me, that he brougth a new car.
- 6. According to purpose / attitude of speaker 1.- Declarative sentence : They are prayers that declare a fact or thought, end with a point. Examples: Mary is here.", "My name is Mary." I have seen that movie twice. I wish I could go on the picnic.
- 7. 2.- Interrogative sentence : is used to ask a question. It is followed by a question mark. Examples : Do you have a sweater? Are you having a bad day? Where is Mary?", "What is your name?"
- 8. 3.- Exclamation eSentencs : Exclamations, usually in Spanish are made with "what" is English with "what" or how "as they go with a noun or an adjective. If the cry is made with an adjective, "how" it is used: How + adjective! Examples: How beautiful! (How pretty!) How strong! (How strong!). If the exclamation becomes a noun is made with "what". And if the noun is singular accounting is done with "what a / an": What + (a / an) noun. Examples: What children! (That kids!) What a guy! (What type!)
- 9. What + (a / an) adjective + noun: If the noun is accompanied by an adjective, "what" it is used Examples: What a quiet morning! (What am so quiet!) What small flats! (Smaller than floor!) What an ugly man! (What man so ugly!). If the verb appears in the exclamatory sentence, exclamatory part come after subject and verb in this order: What / How + adjective / noun + Subject + Verb! Examples: How she shouts loud! (What screams loud!). How stupid you are! (You're so silly!).
- 10. • Imperativa sentences : They are used to give an order. Examples: "Come here." "Tell me your name."