The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act provides new guidelines for financial statement disclosures. Key changes include:
1. Assets and liabilities must now be classified as current or non-current rather than grouped together.
2. Additional line items are required, such as separate disclosure of share warrants and application money.
3. Components of assets and liabilities must be broken out, for example tangible and intangible fixed assets.
4. Treatment of certain items has changed, such as lease deposits now disclosed as non-current assets and losses shown under 'Surplus' rather than expenditures.
This document discusses the valuation and accounting of inventory. It defines inventory as assets held for sale, in production, or as supplies. Inventory should be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes all purchase costs, conversion costs like direct labor and allocated overheads, and other costs to bring inventory to its present condition. Common costing methods are specific identification, FIFO, and weighted average. Disclosures include accounting policies and total inventory carrying amounts.
The document discusses Indian accounting standards, including the meaning and benefits of accounting standards. It provides details on several specific accounting standards such as AS1 on disclosure of accounting policies, AS6 on depreciation accounting, AS9 on revenue recognition, and AS10 on accounting for fixed assets. The standards cover topics such as selection and disclosure of accounting policies, methods of depreciation, timing of revenue recognition, calculation of costs of fixed assets, and revaluation of fixed assets. The overall objective of the accounting standards is to standardize different accounting policies and practices in India.
SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is India's securities market regulator that was established in 1988 to protect investors, develop and regulate the securities market. SEBI is headed by a board and has various departments that work to achieve its objectives of regulating market intermediaries, promoting investor education, and enforcing prohibitions on unfair trading practices. SEBI also works to facilitate investor grievance redressal and promote an efficient, fair and transparent securities market in India.
OLA was accused of abusing its dominant position and entering into anti-competitive agreements in the Delhi-NCR radio taxi market. Mega Cabs alleged that OLA used predatory pricing, discounts, and incentives to eliminate competition. However, the CCI ruled in favor of OLA, finding that OLA did not abuse its dominant position or enter into anti-competitive agreements in violation of the Competition Act.
This document discusses accounting for price level changes. It explains that historical cost accounting assumes stable monetary values but prices actually change over time due to inflation and deflation. Accounting for price level changes considers how general, specific, and relative price changes impact financial statements. Shortcomings of historical cost accounting in inflationary periods are outlined. Suggested techniques to adjust for inflation include creating reserves, revaluing assets, using LIFO inventory valuation, and current value accounting.
This document discusses transfer pricing, which refers to the prices at which divisions within a company trade goods and services with each other. It outlines three main methods for determining transfer prices: cost-based pricing, market-based pricing, and negotiated pricing. The objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of transfer pricing are also examined. Key points covered include minimizing tax liability, maintaining divisional autonomy, and using transfer prices as a performance measurement tool.
A presentation on private placements in India. If you like my presentation, please share. And I would like to know your thoughts, so comment and let me know.
This document defines key terms related to companies under the Income Tax Act such as company, Indian company, company in which public are substantially interested, domestic company, foreign company, industrial company, and investment company.
It also summarizes provisions related to Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) under section 115JB, which specifies that the tax payable for any assessment year cannot be less than 18.5% of the company's book profit. It provides details on how book profit is computed for MAT purposes.
Finally, it outlines rules around carrying forward and set off of losses for closely held companies under section 79 when there is a change in shareholding.
This document discusses the valuation and accounting of inventory. It defines inventory as assets held for sale, in production, or as supplies. Inventory should be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes all purchase costs, conversion costs like direct labor and allocated overheads, and other costs to bring inventory to its present condition. Common costing methods are specific identification, FIFO, and weighted average. Disclosures include accounting policies and total inventory carrying amounts.
The document discusses Indian accounting standards, including the meaning and benefits of accounting standards. It provides details on several specific accounting standards such as AS1 on disclosure of accounting policies, AS6 on depreciation accounting, AS9 on revenue recognition, and AS10 on accounting for fixed assets. The standards cover topics such as selection and disclosure of accounting policies, methods of depreciation, timing of revenue recognition, calculation of costs of fixed assets, and revaluation of fixed assets. The overall objective of the accounting standards is to standardize different accounting policies and practices in India.
SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is India's securities market regulator that was established in 1988 to protect investors, develop and regulate the securities market. SEBI is headed by a board and has various departments that work to achieve its objectives of regulating market intermediaries, promoting investor education, and enforcing prohibitions on unfair trading practices. SEBI also works to facilitate investor grievance redressal and promote an efficient, fair and transparent securities market in India.
OLA was accused of abusing its dominant position and entering into anti-competitive agreements in the Delhi-NCR radio taxi market. Mega Cabs alleged that OLA used predatory pricing, discounts, and incentives to eliminate competition. However, the CCI ruled in favor of OLA, finding that OLA did not abuse its dominant position or enter into anti-competitive agreements in violation of the Competition Act.
This document discusses accounting for price level changes. It explains that historical cost accounting assumes stable monetary values but prices actually change over time due to inflation and deflation. Accounting for price level changes considers how general, specific, and relative price changes impact financial statements. Shortcomings of historical cost accounting in inflationary periods are outlined. Suggested techniques to adjust for inflation include creating reserves, revaluing assets, using LIFO inventory valuation, and current value accounting.
This document discusses transfer pricing, which refers to the prices at which divisions within a company trade goods and services with each other. It outlines three main methods for determining transfer prices: cost-based pricing, market-based pricing, and negotiated pricing. The objectives, advantages, and disadvantages of transfer pricing are also examined. Key points covered include minimizing tax liability, maintaining divisional autonomy, and using transfer prices as a performance measurement tool.
A presentation on private placements in India. If you like my presentation, please share. And I would like to know your thoughts, so comment and let me know.
This document defines key terms related to companies under the Income Tax Act such as company, Indian company, company in which public are substantially interested, domestic company, foreign company, industrial company, and investment company.
It also summarizes provisions related to Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) under section 115JB, which specifies that the tax payable for any assessment year cannot be less than 18.5% of the company's book profit. It provides details on how book profit is computed for MAT purposes.
Finally, it outlines rules around carrying forward and set off of losses for closely held companies under section 79 when there is a change in shareholding.
This document defines and provides examples of price discrimination. It discusses that price discrimination means selling the same product at different prices to different buyers. It provides examples of air ticket prices being lower when booked further in advance and movie theaters charging different ticket prices. The document also outlines the main types of price discrimination including by income, product nature, age, time, geography, and product use. It discusses conditions needed for price discrimination, including different demand elasticities among buyer groups and the ability to segment markets.
The document summarizes the statutory basis and key provisions of foreign exchange regulation in India. [1] The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973 and subsequent Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 form the statutory basis for regulating foreign exchange. [2] FEMA aims to consolidate and amend foreign exchange laws to facilitate trade and maintain an orderly foreign exchange market. [3] Key provisions of FEMA include regulating capital account and current account transactions, duties of authorized foreign exchange dealers, penalties for non-compliance, and establishment of authorities to enforce the act.
This presentation is on Security Exchange Board (SEBI) which gives the brief about the SEBI with its objective, function, details about the chairman, rules
The document discusses transfer pricing within multinational companies. It begins by introducing the team members working on transfer pricing. It then provides definitions of key terms like transfer price and arm's length price. It discusses how transfer pricing is used for different purposes like calculating divisional profits, international taxation, and regulatory issues. The document outlines India's transfer pricing model and laws, and describes various transfer pricing methods like comparable uncontrolled price method, resale price method, cost plus method, and profit split method. It provides an example of transfer pricing and penalties for non-compliance. Finally, it discusses a case study of a client restructuring its transfer pricing between India and Europe.
Board committees are small groups formed by the board to support specific work. The Companies Act 2013 mandates four committees: Audit, Nomination and Remuneration, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Stakeholders Relationship. The Audit Committee oversees financial reporting and auditing. The Nomination and Remuneration Committee handles director nominations and compensation. The CSR Committee recommends CSR spending and monitoring. The Stakeholders Relationship Committee addresses shareholder grievances. Committees must have the proper composition and meet requirements to avoid penalties.
This document outlines accounting standards for valuing inventories. It defines inventories as assets held for sale, in production, or as materials used in production. Inventories should be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes purchase price, conversion costs, and other costs to bring inventories to their present state. Net realizable value is estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Accepted cost flow methods for valuing inventories include FIFO, LIFO, and weighted average cost. Financial statements must disclose the accounting policy, cost formula used, and inventory classifications.
The document outlines the presentation given by Kalpeshkumar L. Gupta on the Competition Commission of India (CCI). It provides definitions of key terms related to competition law like cartel and discusses provisions of the Competition Act of 2002 regarding anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position, and combinations. It also summarizes the regulatory framework around combinations and filing requirements to notify CCI of proposed mergers, acquisitions and other deals.
The document discusses various aspects of winding up companies in India. It begins by defining winding up and dissolution, and outlines the key differences. It then discusses reasons for winding up a company and the different modes of winding up, including compulsory winding up ordered by the court, and voluntary winding up by members or creditors. The roles and powers of liquidators and the court during the winding up process are also summarized.
This document summarizes the seminar on demutualization and corporatization of stock exchanges in India. It discusses the mutual structure of Indian stock exchanges and the drawbacks like conflicts of interest. It defines demutualization as converting a mutually owned exchange to a for-profit company. The process involves valuing exchange assets, issuing shares, and separating ownership, management, and trading rights. Demutualization aims to increase transparency, competition, and access to capital. Key Indian stock exchanges like BSE and NSE have been demutualized with oversight from regulatory bodies like SEBI.
Competition Act 2002, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, Anti Competitive Agreement, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combination, Competition Commission of India
The document discusses whether a business that is continuously suffering losses should be shut down or continued. It notes that losses can occur due to reduced demand, financial problems, changes in technology, high taxes, or mismanagement. When deciding whether to shut down or continue, tax implications should be considered. Losses can be carried forward if the business is discontinued, and unabsorbed depreciation can be set off against any income. Exceptions exist for cases involving business relocation, department closures, reconstruction after damage, succession, family partition, and amalgamation/demerger. The document provides an illustration comparing the tax implications of continuing versus discontinuing a loss-making business unit. It recommends discontinuing the loss-making unit
Debentures are instruments used by companies to raise long-term debt capital. A debenture acknowledges that a company has borrowed money from debenture holders that it promises to repay in the future. Debentures can be classified based on security, redemption terms, records, or convertibility. They provide advantages like no dilution of ownership and tax deductible interest payments. However, companies must make mandatory interest payments and repay the principal, or risk bankruptcy, so debentures also carry repayment risks.
Sweat equity refers to equity shares that a company issues to individuals in consideration for services or value added to the company, rather than cash compensation. It can be issued for things like patents, technical know-how, or brand rights provided to the company. Sweat equity shares are subject to the same rules as regular equity shares and can be issued at a discount to their market value. Indian law stipulates certain conditions for issuing sweat equity, such as a minimum one year period since incorporation and shareholder approval. Sweat equity is different from stock options in that it provides real shares upfront rather than a future right to purchase shares.
There are three main types of shares that can be issued by companies: equity shares, preference shares, and deferred shares. Equity shares do not have a fixed dividend rate and holders have voting rights. Preference shares have a fixed dividend rate and preferential rights to repayment of capital. There are various kinds of preference shares based on factors like cumulative/non-cumulative dividends and participation in profits. Deferred shares rank below equity and preference shares for dividend payments and repayment of capital.
The document discusses the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) of 1999 which replaced the earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). FEMA aims to facilitate external trade and payments. It is applicable to all of India and branches/offices of Indian residents abroad. FEMA was enacted due to India's liberalized EXIM policy, increased foreign investment, reserves, and WTO commitments. It regulates capital account transactions through the Reserve Bank of India and dealings in foreign exchange.
The document summarizes the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act of 1992. It describes SEBI as the regulatory body established in 1988 to promote orderly growth of the securities market and protect investors. The summary explains that SEBI was given statutory powers in 1992 through an act of parliament. It outlines SEBI's objectives such as regulating stock exchanges and protecting investors. It also provides high-level details on SEBI's powers, functions, guidelines, and departments.
The document discusses tax planning considerations for owning or leasing assets, repairing vs replacing assets, decisions to make or buy products, and tax provisions related to shutting down a business. It provides guidance on comparing the present value of cash outflows for owning vs leasing, when it is preferable to lease vs own, and how to treat the sale of former research assets. It also outlines tax treatments and deductions allowed for repairs, and considerations for shut down like set-off of losses and depreciation.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to companies under the Companies Act 2013 in India. It defines a company and its key characteristics such as separate legal entity, perpetual succession, and common seal. It outlines different types of companies and how they are formed, including requirements for the memorandum and articles of association. It also discusses prospectuses, shares and share capital, allotment of shares, members' rights and duties, types of company meetings, and winding up of companies.
Revised Schedule VI of Companies Act, 1956Ankur Chaplot
Presented by CA. Ankur Chaplot in Seminar on Changes in Revised Schedule VI of The Companies Act, 1956 organised by Ratlam Branch of CIRC of ICAI. Awarded as Best Submission at Ratlam Branch 2012-13.
This document defines and provides examples of price discrimination. It discusses that price discrimination means selling the same product at different prices to different buyers. It provides examples of air ticket prices being lower when booked further in advance and movie theaters charging different ticket prices. The document also outlines the main types of price discrimination including by income, product nature, age, time, geography, and product use. It discusses conditions needed for price discrimination, including different demand elasticities among buyer groups and the ability to segment markets.
The document summarizes the statutory basis and key provisions of foreign exchange regulation in India. [1] The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973 and subsequent Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 form the statutory basis for regulating foreign exchange. [2] FEMA aims to consolidate and amend foreign exchange laws to facilitate trade and maintain an orderly foreign exchange market. [3] Key provisions of FEMA include regulating capital account and current account transactions, duties of authorized foreign exchange dealers, penalties for non-compliance, and establishment of authorities to enforce the act.
This presentation is on Security Exchange Board (SEBI) which gives the brief about the SEBI with its objective, function, details about the chairman, rules
The document discusses transfer pricing within multinational companies. It begins by introducing the team members working on transfer pricing. It then provides definitions of key terms like transfer price and arm's length price. It discusses how transfer pricing is used for different purposes like calculating divisional profits, international taxation, and regulatory issues. The document outlines India's transfer pricing model and laws, and describes various transfer pricing methods like comparable uncontrolled price method, resale price method, cost plus method, and profit split method. It provides an example of transfer pricing and penalties for non-compliance. Finally, it discusses a case study of a client restructuring its transfer pricing between India and Europe.
Board committees are small groups formed by the board to support specific work. The Companies Act 2013 mandates four committees: Audit, Nomination and Remuneration, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Stakeholders Relationship. The Audit Committee oversees financial reporting and auditing. The Nomination and Remuneration Committee handles director nominations and compensation. The CSR Committee recommends CSR spending and monitoring. The Stakeholders Relationship Committee addresses shareholder grievances. Committees must have the proper composition and meet requirements to avoid penalties.
This document outlines accounting standards for valuing inventories. It defines inventories as assets held for sale, in production, or as materials used in production. Inventories should be valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes purchase price, conversion costs, and other costs to bring inventories to their present state. Net realizable value is estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Accepted cost flow methods for valuing inventories include FIFO, LIFO, and weighted average cost. Financial statements must disclose the accounting policy, cost formula used, and inventory classifications.
The document outlines the presentation given by Kalpeshkumar L. Gupta on the Competition Commission of India (CCI). It provides definitions of key terms related to competition law like cartel and discusses provisions of the Competition Act of 2002 regarding anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position, and combinations. It also summarizes the regulatory framework around combinations and filing requirements to notify CCI of proposed mergers, acquisitions and other deals.
The document discusses various aspects of winding up companies in India. It begins by defining winding up and dissolution, and outlines the key differences. It then discusses reasons for winding up a company and the different modes of winding up, including compulsory winding up ordered by the court, and voluntary winding up by members or creditors. The roles and powers of liquidators and the court during the winding up process are also summarized.
This document summarizes the seminar on demutualization and corporatization of stock exchanges in India. It discusses the mutual structure of Indian stock exchanges and the drawbacks like conflicts of interest. It defines demutualization as converting a mutually owned exchange to a for-profit company. The process involves valuing exchange assets, issuing shares, and separating ownership, management, and trading rights. Demutualization aims to increase transparency, competition, and access to capital. Key Indian stock exchanges like BSE and NSE have been demutualized with oversight from regulatory bodies like SEBI.
Competition Act 2002, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, Anti Competitive Agreement, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combination, Competition Commission of India
The document discusses whether a business that is continuously suffering losses should be shut down or continued. It notes that losses can occur due to reduced demand, financial problems, changes in technology, high taxes, or mismanagement. When deciding whether to shut down or continue, tax implications should be considered. Losses can be carried forward if the business is discontinued, and unabsorbed depreciation can be set off against any income. Exceptions exist for cases involving business relocation, department closures, reconstruction after damage, succession, family partition, and amalgamation/demerger. The document provides an illustration comparing the tax implications of continuing versus discontinuing a loss-making business unit. It recommends discontinuing the loss-making unit
Debentures are instruments used by companies to raise long-term debt capital. A debenture acknowledges that a company has borrowed money from debenture holders that it promises to repay in the future. Debentures can be classified based on security, redemption terms, records, or convertibility. They provide advantages like no dilution of ownership and tax deductible interest payments. However, companies must make mandatory interest payments and repay the principal, or risk bankruptcy, so debentures also carry repayment risks.
Sweat equity refers to equity shares that a company issues to individuals in consideration for services or value added to the company, rather than cash compensation. It can be issued for things like patents, technical know-how, or brand rights provided to the company. Sweat equity shares are subject to the same rules as regular equity shares and can be issued at a discount to their market value. Indian law stipulates certain conditions for issuing sweat equity, such as a minimum one year period since incorporation and shareholder approval. Sweat equity is different from stock options in that it provides real shares upfront rather than a future right to purchase shares.
There are three main types of shares that can be issued by companies: equity shares, preference shares, and deferred shares. Equity shares do not have a fixed dividend rate and holders have voting rights. Preference shares have a fixed dividend rate and preferential rights to repayment of capital. There are various kinds of preference shares based on factors like cumulative/non-cumulative dividends and participation in profits. Deferred shares rank below equity and preference shares for dividend payments and repayment of capital.
The document discusses the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) of 1999 which replaced the earlier Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). FEMA aims to facilitate external trade and payments. It is applicable to all of India and branches/offices of Indian residents abroad. FEMA was enacted due to India's liberalized EXIM policy, increased foreign investment, reserves, and WTO commitments. It regulates capital account transactions through the Reserve Bank of India and dealings in foreign exchange.
The document summarizes the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act of 1992. It describes SEBI as the regulatory body established in 1988 to promote orderly growth of the securities market and protect investors. The summary explains that SEBI was given statutory powers in 1992 through an act of parliament. It outlines SEBI's objectives such as regulating stock exchanges and protecting investors. It also provides high-level details on SEBI's powers, functions, guidelines, and departments.
The document discusses tax planning considerations for owning or leasing assets, repairing vs replacing assets, decisions to make or buy products, and tax provisions related to shutting down a business. It provides guidance on comparing the present value of cash outflows for owning vs leasing, when it is preferable to lease vs own, and how to treat the sale of former research assets. It also outlines tax treatments and deductions allowed for repairs, and considerations for shut down like set-off of losses and depreciation.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to companies under the Companies Act 2013 in India. It defines a company and its key characteristics such as separate legal entity, perpetual succession, and common seal. It outlines different types of companies and how they are formed, including requirements for the memorandum and articles of association. It also discusses prospectuses, shares and share capital, allotment of shares, members' rights and duties, types of company meetings, and winding up of companies.
Revised Schedule VI of Companies Act, 1956Ankur Chaplot
Presented by CA. Ankur Chaplot in Seminar on Changes in Revised Schedule VI of The Companies Act, 1956 organised by Ratlam Branch of CIRC of ICAI. Awarded as Best Submission at Ratlam Branch 2012-13.
The document discusses how Schedule III of the Companies Act 2013 provides increased transparency and easier comparison of financial statements for general investors. It analyzes and compares the balance sheets and profit/loss statements of Grasim Industries and Century Textiles using various financial ratios like P/E ratio, profitability ratios, and liquidity/solvency ratios. The analysis finds that while Grasim Industries has stronger profitability, Century Textiles has higher debt levels. Overall, Schedule III and analysis of financial statements through ratios helps investors evaluate companies.
The document summarizes the key changes introduced in the Revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956 related to financial statements. Some of the major changes include mandatory classification of assets and liabilities into current and non-current, prescription of only vertical format for balance sheet and profit & loss statement, additional line items and disclosures, and classification of expenses by nature in profit & loss statement. The document provides details on the format, headings, classification and disclosure requirements for items in balance sheet, statement of profit & loss and other statements as per the Revised Schedule VI.
This document provides guidance on preparing the balance sheet format according to the Companies Act, 1956 and Schedule VI. It discusses the key components of the balance sheet including share capital, reserves and surpluses, non-current liabilities, current liabilities, non-current assets, current assets, and notes on the classification and presentation of items. The document also provides accounting treatments and disclosure requirements for items like share capital, borrowings, investments, provisions, taxation etc. according to Indian accounting standards.
The presentation summarizes key aspects of the revised Schedule VI format for the balance sheet and profit and loss statement introduced by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs for financial years commencing on or after April 1, 2011. Some of the significant changes introduced include distinguishing current and non-current assets/liabilities, limiting information on the face of financial statements to only broad items with details in notes, and removing the balance sheet abstract. Current assets/liabilities are those expected to be realized/settled within 12 months. Examples are provided to illustrate classification of items as current vs non-current.
A STUDY OF NEW TRENDS IN DISCLOSURE AND PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL REPORTINGalkarawee
This document summarizes a study on new trends in financial reporting disclosure conducted on three Indian companies: GAIL, Infosys, and ITC. The study analyzed both mandatory and voluntary disclosures from 2010-2014. Key findings include that Infosys adopted new trends earliest, followed by GAIL then ITC. Infosys provided the most comprehensive voluntary reporting. The study suggests that all companies should disclose additional items like value added statements and follow standards like the UN Global Compact and Carbon Disclosure Project to increase transparency and sustainability.
The revised Schedule VI was introduced to address several issues with the old schedule VI. [1] The old schedule VI did not align with disclosure requirements of Accounting Standards and was not compatible with International Accounting Standards. [2] The revised Schedule VI introduces a clearer classification of assets and liabilities as current and non-current and a specified format for the profit and loss account. [3] It also provides guidance on the unit of measurement and rounding off of figures in the financial statements.
The document compares the old and revised formats of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956 regarding the balance sheet and statement of profit and loss. Some key changes highlighted include:
- The revised format only allows for a vertical presentation compared to both vertical and horizontal previously
- Headings were changed from "Sources of Funds" and "Application of Funds" to "Equity & Liabilities" and "Assets"
- Additional line items were added under shareholders' funds, non-current liabilities, current liabilities, non-current assets, and current assets.
- Definitions and disclosure requirements for items like share capital, reserves and surplus, borrowings, and receivables were expanded in the revised format
Sustainable e learning courses moodleposium2013Penny Neuendorf
Penny Neuendorf presents tips for building sustainable e-learning courses. She discusses three types of sustainability: teacher, student, and institute. Her key tips include using forums sparingly with clear goals and guidelines, peer-led feedback, clear and crisp design that stimulates the senses, using a range of tools like Articulate Storyline and Adobe Captivate, controlling document size and quality through tools like Dropbox and YouTube, reusing and repurposing content from places like Khan Academy, using self and peer assessment, incorporating student-generated content, recording sessions for future use, and keeping courses well-contained through features like progress bars and clear instructions. The overall message is that instructors have the power to create sustainable
Comparison between old and new schedule viSumat Singhal
The document provides a comparison of the key differences between the old and revised Schedule VI regarding the presentation of financial statements in India. Some of the major changes highlighted include:
- The revised Schedule VI only allows for a vertical presentation format versus both horizontal and vertical in the old.
- Additional disclosure requirements have been specified for items like share capital, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings, among others.
- Guidance is now provided around classifying assets and liabilities as current or non-current in the balance sheet.
A Basic Guide to infrastructure business development investment and financing...atulpkhekade
This document provides an overview of infrastructure business, investing, and financing in India. It discusses the size and investment needs of India's infrastructure industry, key sectors like transportation and power, contract types such as EPC and BOT, areas of focus for infrastructure companies, and financing options including equity, debt, bank lending guidelines, and policies for international banks. The purpose is to educate businesses and investors on opportunities in infrastructure and how to leverage financing to benefit from India's growth and infrastructure boom.
Strategic Management Accounting for Business and Career SuccessKen Witt
Identifies the skills and competencies that accountants need in order to contribute to the strategic success of their employer in a complex, global business environment.
Strategic management involves the formulation, implementation, evaluation, and control of strategies to achieve organizational goals. It operates at the corporate, strategic business unit, and functional levels. Strategic decision making considers objectives, alternatives to meet objectives, evaluation of alternatives, and selection of the best alternative. Schools of strategic management thought include prescriptive schools that view strategy as conception, planning, or analysis, descriptive schools that see strategy as visionary, mental, emergent, collective, cultural, or reactive, and integrative schools that view strategy as a process of transformation.
The Companies Act of 1956 was introduced to regulate companies in India as the previous 1913 Act was seen as inadequate. It has since been amended several times, with the 1988 amendments being a major update based on recommendations of the Sachar Committee. The Act defines a company and sets out provisions around incorporation, memorandum of association, articles of association, types of companies, and prospectuses. It remains the primary law governing companies in India.
The document outlines India's vision to become a developed country by 2020. It discusses key areas of focus including education, agriculture, industry, infrastructure, and information technology. The former President of India, APJ Abdul Kalam, identified these five areas as critical to transforming India, along with reducing problems like poverty, illiteracy, population growth, unemployment, and lack of infrastructure. Many initiatives are underway in areas like education reform, agricultural development, industrial growth, infrastructure projects, and expanding IT and communication networks to achieve the goal of making India a developed nation by 2020.
The document discusses the key components and purpose of a balance sheet. It provides definitions for assets, liabilities, and equity. It also outlines the various sections that must be included in a balance sheet according to the Companies Act of India from 1956, such as fixed assets, current assets, equity, and various types of liabilities. The purpose of a balance sheet is to disclose the values and nature of a company's assets and liabilities, provide information about its solvency, liquidity, and other financial details. However, balance sheets also have limitations as the values reported may not reflect current market prices.
The document outlines key changes made in Schedule VI of the Companies Act regarding the classification and disclosure of items in the balance sheet and profit and loss statement. Some of the major changes include separate disclosure of current and non-current assets/liabilities, further classification of certain items like borrowings, investments, loans and advances, and changes in the rounding off of figures based on company turnover. Specific line items like reserves and surplus, deferred tax, fixed assets are also required to be disclosed differently in the revised Schedule VI.
The document provides guidance on preparing balance sheets and profit and loss statements under the revised Schedule VI in India. It outlines the required format and key highlights for balance sheets, including current/non-current classifications of assets and liabilities. Equity and liabilities must be shown in the order of shareholders' funds, non-current liabilities, current liabilities. Assets are divided into non-current assets like fixed assets and investments, and current assets such as inventories, receivables, cash equivalents. Detailed disclosure requirements and classifications are provided for items like investments, loans, provisions.
The document discusses exposure norms set by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for banks. It defines key terms like exposure, credit exposure, investment exposure, and provides limits on a bank's exposure to individual borrowers, groups, sectors and capital markets. The limits are meant to manage credit risk and avoid high concentration in specific sectors. Exposure includes both funded and non-funded facilities. The document also discusses exemptions to the exposure limits.
The document discusses exposure norms set by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for banks. It defines key terms like exposure, credit exposure, investment exposure, and provides limits on a bank's exposure to individual borrowers, groups, sectors and capital markets. The limits are meant to manage risk and avoid high concentration of credit in any single entity. Exemptions to the limits include loans against bank deposits and exposures guaranteed by the government.
The document summarizes the key changes between the old Schedule VI and the revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act applicable from the 2011-2012 financial year. Some of the major changes include:
1) The revised Schedule VI requires financial statements to be presented only in the vertical format, whereas the old Schedule VI allowed horizontal or vertical presentation.
2) Fixed assets are now bifurcated between tangible and intangible assets under non-current assets in the revised format.
3) Borrowings are separated into non-current and current liabilities in the revised format instead of being grouped together.
4) Investments and loans & advances are no longer separate heads and are instead bifurcated between non-
Under control a practical guide to IFRS 10 final august 2012Grant Thornton
IFRS 10 establishes a single control-based consolidation model that replaces the requirements in IAS 27 and SIC-12. IFRS 10 defines control as having power over an investee, exposure or rights to variable returns, and the ability to use power to affect returns. While IFRS 10 is unlikely to affect simple majority-owned entities, it may change control assessments for special purpose entities, entities controlled through large minority holdings or potential voting rights, and principal-agent relationships.
Supplement on revised schedule vi 110512Pooja Jain
This document provides an introduction and overview of the revised Schedule VI format for financial statements that was introduced in 2011 to harmonize disclosure requirements with accounting standards.
Key highlights include:
- The revised format prescribes a vertical presentation for the balance sheet and statement of profit and loss.
- Assets and liabilities must be classified as current or non-current and presented separately.
- Additional line items and disclosures are required, such as separate presentation of tangible and intangible assets.
- Detailed comparisons are provided between the old and revised Schedule VI formats.
- The general instructions for the revised format are outlined.
Grant Thornton - IFRS News Special Edition Grant Thornton
Many commentators have long held the view that consolidating the financial statements of an investment entity and its investees does not provide the most useful information. Consolidation makes it more difficult for investors to understand what they are most interested in – the value of the entity’s investments. [December 13, 2012]
The document provides a summary of the following:
1. Budget 2012 key proposals related to direct tax, transfer pricing, indirect tax, and FEMA.
2. Key corporate law updates from MCA including extension of deadline to file DIN-4 form and introduction of 'Pay Later' option on MCA portal.
3. SEBI circulars regarding exemptions from 100% promoter holding in demat form, settlement of CDs and CPs trades through clearing corporations, and international taxation updates.
4. Recent M&A transactions that made headlines including Reliance-Network18 deal, Bharti Airtel-Zain Africa deal, and Tata Power-Welspun deal
Attached Newsletter is an attempt to cover monthly issues relevant in the context of transactions - covers SEBI, Companies Act, Income Tax, Stamp duty and other regulatory changes
Example consolidated financial statements 2012 finalGrant Thornton
The consolidated income statement summarizes the Group's revenue, expenses and profits for the year ended 31 December 2012. Total revenue was CU206.2 million, with operating profit of CU21.6 million. After accounting for finance costs, share of profits from associates, and income tax expense, profit for the year was CU12.7 million.
What is a Business Development Company (BDC)dcalaway
The document discusses ABC Corporation becoming a Business Development Company (BDC) to fund future growth. It provides an overview of what a BDC is, the benefits to investors and portfolio companies, how BDC's invest and are regulated, tax treatment, valuation of assets, management structures, and industry trends. Recent trends show the BDC model has proven resilient with dividend payments resuming and stock prices increasing for many companies.
The document provides a checklist for complying with Schedule VI (revised) of the Companies Act, 1956 for preparing annual financial statements. The checklist covers the format requirements for the balance sheet, profit and loss account, and additional disclosures. Key sections include requirements for presenting shareholders' equity and liabilities, non-current and current assets, revenues, expenses, and notes. The objective is to ensure the financial statements provide the information required by law.
PPT on Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 analysis the jargons, processes, access, limitations, opportunities, etc. A bried comparison with US Bankruptcy Code has also been stated and addressing issues like cross border insolvency amongst others issues. Also, the probe of recently notified transfer of pending proceedings has been made in the presentation.
Article by CA. Sudha G. Bhushan on Debentures Indian FDI PolicyTAXPERT PROFESSIONALS
This document summarizes the key differences between fully/mandatorily convertible debentures and non-convertible/optionally convertible debentures from an Indian FDI policy perspective. Fully convertible debentures are considered equity and fall under FDI guidelines, while optionally convertible debentures are considered debt and fall under external commercial borrowing regulations. The document outlines regulatory frameworks, maximum amounts, compliance requirements, and taxation implications for each debenture type.
FASB/IASB Joint Projects - presented by McGladrey at 2011 NYSSCPA Private Com...Brian Marshall
The document discusses the progress of several joint projects between the FASB and IASB, including revenue recognition, financial instruments, and leases. For revenue recognition, the boards have completed redeliberations and are determining if re-exposure is needed before finalizing the new standard. For financial instruments, the boards continue work on impairment, hedge accounting, and other issues. For leases, the boards are redeliberating the proposed model to require balance sheet recognition of lease assets and liabilities for most leases.
The document discusses financial instruments and related topics including definitions of financial assets and liabilities, types of financial risks, derivatives, compound financial instruments, categories of financial assets and liabilities, and disclosure requirements. It provides examples to illustrate concepts such as swaps, splitting compound instruments, and fair value measurement categories. The goal is to help students understand the important aspects of accounting for financial instruments under IFRS standards.
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcripttscdzuip
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcriptynfqplhm
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Revised schedule VI
1. Mar 10, 2012
REVISED SCHEDULE VI OF
THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956
1 A Comparison with Old Schedule VI
2. EFFECTIVE DATE
Mar 10, 2012
Financial Year commencing on or after 01-
April-2011
2
3. (REVISED SCHEDULE VI) V/S (ACT
& AS)
Mar 10, 2012
‘Act & AS’ will prevail
Provisions given in the Companies Act, 1956 & AS specified by
the Accounting Standard Rules of 2006, has precedence over
Revised Schedule VI to the extent the disclosure requirements /
treatment of the revised schedule VI is not consistent with the
provisions or the AS.
Disclosure as per Revised Schedule VI is in
addition to other accounting / disclosure
requirements.
3
4. CURRENT AND NON-CURRENT
ASSET
Mar 10, 2012
Current
(a) it is expected to be realized in, or is intended for sale
or consumption in, the company’s normal operating
cycle;
(b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded;
(c) it is expected to be realized within twelve months
after the reporting date; or
(d) it is cash or cash equivalent unless it is restricted
from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for
at least twelve months after the reporting date.
Non-Current
All other assets shall be classified as non-current.” 4
5. CURRENT AND NON-CURRENT
LIABILITY
Mar 10, 2012
Current
(a) it is expected to be settled in the company’s normal
operating cycle;
(b) it is held primarily for the purpose of being traded
(c ) it is due to be settled within twelve months after
the reporting date; or
(d) the company does not have an unconditional
right to defer settlement of the liability for at least
twelve months after the reporting date. Terms of a
liability that could, at the option of the counterparty,
result in its settlement by the issue of equity
instruments do not affect its classification.
Non-Current
5
All other liabilities shall be classified as non-current
7. FORMAT OF BALANCE SHEET
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Horizontal or Vertical Vertical Only
7
8. EQUITY
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Earlier no separate disclosure on Money received against share
the face of balance sheet warrants
Earlier no separate disclosure on Share application money pending
the face of balance sheet allotment
8
9. DEPOSIT LIABILITY
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Deposit liability – no distinction To be disclosed under the long-
between long term and short term borrowings unless it has
term. current maturity in which case to
be grouped under short term
borrowings.
9
10. FIXED ASSETS
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
No bifurcation required into To be shown under non-current
tangible & intangible assets. assets and it has to be bifurcated
in to Tangible & intangible
assets.
Tangible
Intangible
CWIP
Intangible under development
10
11. BORROWINGS
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Short term & long term Long term borrowings to be
borrowings are grouped together shown under non-current
under the head Loan funds sub- liabilities and short term
head Secured / Unsecured borrowings to be shown under
current liabilities with separate
disclosure of secured / unsecured
loans.
Period and amount of
continuing default as on the
balance sheet date in repayment
of loans and interest to be 11
separately specified
12. FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATION
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Included in current liabilities Included in Non-current
liabilities.
However, short term maturities
of Fin Lease obligation to be
grouped under current liabilities
only.
12
13. DEPOSIT ASSET
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Lease deposits are part of loans Lease deposits to be disclosed as
& advances long term loans & advances
under the head non-current
assets unless they are of current
nature
13
14. INVESTMENTS
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Both current & non-current Current and non-current
investments to be disclosed investments are to be disclosed
under the head investments separately under current assets
& non-current assets
respectively.
Investments carried at other
than cost should be separately
disclosed and the basis of its
valuation to be disclosed
14
15. LOANS & ADVANCES
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Loans & Advance are disclosed Loans & Advances to be broken
along with current assets up in long term & short term and
to be disclosed under non-current
& current assets respectively.
Loans & Advance to related
parties to be disclosed separately.
15
16. NET WORKING CAPITAL
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Current assets & Liabilities are Assets & Liabilities are to be
Netted off and Net Working bifurcated in to current & Non-
Capital amount is shown current and to be shown
separately. Hence, net working
capital will not be appearing in
Balance sheet.
16
17. DEFERRED TAX ASSETS /
LIABILITIES
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Deferred Tax assets / liabilities Deferred Tax assets / liabilities
to be disclosed separately to be disclosed under non-current
assets / liabilities as the case
may be.
Not to be disclosed as current.
17
18. CASH & BANK BALANCES
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Bank balance to be bifurcated in - Bank balances in relation to
scheduled banks & others earmarked balances,
-held as margin money against
borrowings,
-deposits with more than 12
months maturity,
each of the above to be shown
separately.
18
19. LOSS
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Debit balance in profit and loss To be shown as negative figure
account to be shown under the under the head Surplus.
head Miscellaneous expenditure Therefore, reserve & surplus
& losses. balance can go negative.
19
20. SUNDRY CREDITORS
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Creditors to be broken up in to No mention of micro & small
micro & small suppliers and enterprise disclosure.
other creditors.
However, it is continued to be
disclosed under Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
Development (MSMED) Act,
2006.
20
21. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Current maturities of long term Current maturities of long term
debt need not be disclosed on the debt to be disclosed under other
face separately. current liabilities.
Current maturities of finance Current maturities of finance
lease obligation need not be lease obligation to be disclosed
disclosed on the face separately. hereunder separately.
21
23. SEPARATE LINE ITEM
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Any item under which expense Any item of income / expense
exceeds one per cent of the total which exceeds one per cent of the
revenue of the company or Rs. revenue from operations or Rs.
5,000 which ever is higher; shall 1,00,000, which ever is higher; to
be disclosed separately be disclosed separately
23
24. REVENUES
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Sales for each class of goods to be Quantitative details are done
separately shown indicating the away with.
quantities of such sales -
(Quantitative sales
24
25. PURCHASES AND CONSUMPTION
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Required both value and Disclosure of quantitative
quantitative disclosure in respect details of goods purchased is no
of Raw Materials and traded longer required.
goods.
However, values to be classified
under broad heads.
As per ICAI exposure draft on Revised Schedule VI – Quantitative
details disclosure is not required.
25
26. EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Earlier not required separately Employee stock option expense to
be shown separately
26
27. FINANCE COST
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Interest Cost • Interest Expenses
• Company’s Debentures • Other borrowing costs
• On Fixed Loans • Gain / Loss on foreign currency
• Paid to Managing Director / translations / transactions
Manager (finance cost portion only – forex
fluctuation on interest paid in
foreign currency)
27
29. ROUNDING OFF
Mar 10, 2012
Old Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
Turnover of less than Rs. 100 Crs Turnover of less than Rs. 100 Crs
- R/off to the nearest Hundreds, - R/off to the nearest Hundreds,
thousands or decimal thereof thousands, lakhs or millions or
decimal thereof
Turnover of Rs. 100 Crs or more Turnover of Rs. 100 Crs or more -
but less than Rs. 500 Crs - R/off R/off to the nearest lakhs,
to the nearest Hundreds, millions or crores, or decimal
thousands, lakhs or millions or thereof
decimal thereof
Turnover of Rs. 500 Crs or more -
R/off to the nearest Hundreds,
thousands, lakhs, millions or 29
crores, or decimal thereof
30. COMPARATIVES
Mar 10, 2012
Comparatives has to be compliant with Revised
Schedule VI and amounts need to be given for the
financial year 2010-11 in the revised Schedule VI
format.
First set of financials compliant with revised
Schedule VI will be for the year 2011-12
30
31. INTERIM FINANCIAL REPORTING
Mar 10, 2012
Companies presenting Companies presenting
Condensed interim financial Complete set of financial
statements statements
Company need not comply with Company should comply with
Revised Schedule VI Revised Schedule VI
requirements requirements from Financial
year 2012-13 and onwards only.
31
32. AUDITOR’S APPROACH -
SUGGESTED
Mar 10, 2012
Verify audit evidence which goes to substantiate
the expected timelines of realisation of assets or
settlement of liabilities to ensure proper
bifurcation between current and non-current.
Ask the clients in advance to be prepared with
the new format requirements with necessary
backup / supporting.
Make use of tailored procedures / disclosure 32
checklists to ensure complete disclosure.
33. TAKE AWAY
Mar 10, 2012
Current and Non-Current
33