Presentation on Reverse Osmosis including Process
Osmosis,Reverse Osmosis,Uses of RO Technology,Removal,Advantages,Disadvantage, by Rahul Rathod, Nagpur
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Decentralized Wastewater SystemsBuzzards Bay Coalition
A presentation about membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for on-site wastewater systems. Presented by Michael Moreau from J&R Sales and Service during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2011 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
Presentation on Reverse Osmosis including Process
Osmosis,Reverse Osmosis,Uses of RO Technology,Removal,Advantages,Disadvantage, by Rahul Rathod, Nagpur
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Decentralized Wastewater SystemsBuzzards Bay Coalition
A presentation about membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for on-site wastewater systems. Presented by Michael Moreau from J&R Sales and Service during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2011 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
Cross Flow or Tangential Flow Membrane Filtration (TFF) to Enable High Solids...njcnews777
Cross Flow or Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) Membrane Plants are used in Desalination, Brackish Groundwater Treatment, High Chloride Surface Water Treatment, Waste Water Treatment Plant Effluent Reuse, Biopharmaceutical, Food & Protein Applications for removal of undesired constituents and harvesting of desireable products. Cross flow membrane filtration technology has been used widely in industry globally. Filtration membranes can be polymeric or ceramic, depending upon the application. The principles of cross-flow filtration are used in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration. When purifying water, it can be very cost effective in comparison to the traditional evaporation methods. Techniques to improve performance of cross flow filtration include:
Backwashing: In backwashing, the transmembrane pressure is periodically inverted by the use of a secondary pump, so that permeate flows back into the feed, lifting the fouling layer.
Clean-in-place: Clean-in-place systems are typically used to remove fouling from membranes after extensive use. The CIP process may use detergents, reactive agents such as sodium hypochlorite and acids and alkalis such as citric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Concentration: The volume of the fluid is reduced by allowing permeate flow to occur. Solvent, solutes, and particles smaller than the membrane pore size pass through the membrane, while particles larger than the pore size are retained, and thereby concentrated. In bioprocessing applications, concentration may be followed by diafiltration.
Diafiltration: In order to effectively remove permeate components from the slurry, fresh solvent may be added to the feed to replace the permeate volume, at the same rate as the permeate flow rate, such that the volume in the system remains constant. This is analogous to the washing of filter cake to remove soluble components. Dilution and re-concentration is sometimes also referred to as "diafiltration."
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatmentwwwtwastewater
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane filtration process with a suspended growth bioreactor. It is a very advanced technology and is now widely used
for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Industrial Effluent Treatment by Modern Techniques.pptEr. Rahul Jarariya
Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society.
Cross Flow or Tangential Flow Membrane Filtration (TFF) to Enable High Solids...njcnews777
Cross Flow or Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) Membrane Plants are used in Desalination, Brackish Groundwater Treatment, High Chloride Surface Water Treatment, Waste Water Treatment Plant Effluent Reuse, Biopharmaceutical, Food & Protein Applications for removal of undesired constituents and harvesting of desireable products. Cross flow membrane filtration technology has been used widely in industry globally. Filtration membranes can be polymeric or ceramic, depending upon the application. The principles of cross-flow filtration are used in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration. When purifying water, it can be very cost effective in comparison to the traditional evaporation methods. Techniques to improve performance of cross flow filtration include:
Backwashing: In backwashing, the transmembrane pressure is periodically inverted by the use of a secondary pump, so that permeate flows back into the feed, lifting the fouling layer.
Clean-in-place: Clean-in-place systems are typically used to remove fouling from membranes after extensive use. The CIP process may use detergents, reactive agents such as sodium hypochlorite and acids and alkalis such as citric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Concentration: The volume of the fluid is reduced by allowing permeate flow to occur. Solvent, solutes, and particles smaller than the membrane pore size pass through the membrane, while particles larger than the pore size are retained, and thereby concentrated. In bioprocessing applications, concentration may be followed by diafiltration.
Diafiltration: In order to effectively remove permeate components from the slurry, fresh solvent may be added to the feed to replace the permeate volume, at the same rate as the permeate flow rate, such that the volume in the system remains constant. This is analogous to the washing of filter cake to remove soluble components. Dilution and re-concentration is sometimes also referred to as "diafiltration."
Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatmentwwwtwastewater
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane filtration process with a suspended growth bioreactor. It is a very advanced technology and is now widely used
for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
Industrial Effluent Treatment by Modern Techniques.pptEr. Rahul Jarariya
Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society.
This presentation is about the Membrane Separation Processes mostly used in Food and Chemical Industries. The presentation discusses about the Mechanisms and Food Industry Applications of Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. Presented By:
Shah Utsav & Soni Nikita
Department of Textile Processing Technology
Dr. S. & S. S. Ghandhy College of Engg. & Tech.,
Majura Gate, Surat.
REVERSE OSMOSIS
“An ideal system of water softening”
1
2. In early days simple forms of membranes are
used.
Like sieves & cheesecloth membranes.
Earlier separation & membranes are based on
particle size.
But, now membrane technology have focused on
differences in solution and diffusion rates also.
2
4. Different Membrane-based processes
Micro-filtration
operates on a particle size range of 0.10 µm to
0.15 µm.
Ultra-filtration
operates on a particle size range of 0.15 µm to
5xl0-2 µm
Nano-filtration
operates on a particle size range of 5xl0-2 µm to
5x10-3 µm
Reverse osmosis
operates on a particle size range of 5xl0-3 µm to
10-4 µm.
4
6. 6
Other Filtration processes Reverse Osmosis
separation is made by a
sieving mechanism
separation is made by a
osmosis mechanism
membrane passes smaller
particles and retains larger
ones
membrane passes only
solvent and retains the
solute
used to separate the
suspended particles
used to separate the
dissolved solid particles as
well as suspended solids
6
7. Why Reverse Osmosis….?
➢Water being a universal solvent & contains one or more
group of impurities.
➢The term water purification refers to leaving all kinds of
impurities behind.
➢There are number of methods for water purification.
➢These methods removed one impurity or a selected group
of impurities from treated water.
➢Only three scientifically recognized methods of water
purification:
(1)Reverse osmosis[RO]
(2)Freeze-thawing
(3)Distillation
7
8. ➢By the RO process:
(1) 93 to 99% reduction
of Pb+2,(PO4)-3,Ag+,
Zn+2, SO4
-2,Cr+6,
Fe+2,Mg+2 ions.
(2) 90 to 98% reduction
of SO2
-,Na+ ions.
(3) 85 to 95% reduction
of NO3
- ions.
(4) 70 to 80% reduction
of arsenic.
(5) Also remove
microbiological
contaminants like
viruses and bacteria.
8
9. Osmosis:
➢Osmosis is the natural tendency to balance the
chemical potential of liquid on both sides of the
membrane.
➢Flow always moves from lower to highly
concentrated side.
➢The concentration difference of liquid is
responsible for movement of flow.
➢The semi-permeable membrane does not
allow different particles from it but allows only
pure solvent to move.
9
10. Reverse Osmosis:
➢It is a process in which high pressure greater than
natural osmotic pressure is applied on the high
concentration side of the membrane.
➢Additional high pressure forcing the water to travel
through the membrane from higher to lower
concentrated chamber.
➢Thus, reverse osmosis is ‘reversing’ the natural
tendency of water flow.
➢That is why it is called Reverse Osmosis.
➢suspended as well as dissolved impurities are not
passes through ultra-fine pore size membrane.
10
13. Membrane
• A membrane is a selective barrier for
separation process.
• Purification of fluid is done by
combination of membrane and diffusion
mechanisms.
• Membranes can separate particles and
molecules as per particle size and
molecular weights.
13
14.
15. Features of the RO Membrane
It is of thin film of polymeric material having several
wound.
High water permeability and a highly impermeable to
impurities.
Must be stable over a wide range of pH and
temperature.
Resistant to attack by chemicals like free chlorine and
by bacteria.
Feed water quality, pretreatment conditions and
stability of operation are affect the Efficiency.
The pore size for R.O membrane is around 0.0001
microns.
15
17. Types of Reverse Osmosis Membranes:
(1) Cellulosic
(2) Fully aromatic polyamide
(3) Thin film composite
17
18. INDUSTRIAL WATER
PURIFICATION
RURAL WELL WATER
PURIFICATION
MUNICIPAL WATER
PURIFICATION
MEDICAL DEVICE
MANUFACTURING
SEA WATER
DESALINATION
WASTE WATER
RECYCLING
BRACKISH WELL WATER
DESALINATION
CAR-WASHES
"SPOT-FREE RINSE"
FOOD PRODUCTS
And
COSMETIC PRODUCTS
REVERSE OSMOSIS APPLICATIONS
LABORATORY
WATER PURIFICATION
BOTTLED DRINKING
WATER PRODUCTION
PHARMACEUTICAL
WATER PURIFICATION
Reverse
Osmosis
Applications
18 18
19. Important Parameters
• The following parameters are consider:
1. Osmotic and operating pressure
2. Concentrate disposal
3. Filtrate recovery
If the operating pressure is low then net filtrate flow
rate across the membrane would be minimal or equal
to zero.
Thus operating pressure is set at higher value in order
to maintain economical filtrate flow rate.
19
20. Single Pass RO & Double Pass RO System
(1 stage & 2 stage)
In 1 stage RO system, feed enters RO system as one
stream and leaves as concentrate and permeate.
In 2 stage, concentrate from 1st becomes the feed
water to the 2nd stage. Permeate water from 1st stage
is collected and mixed with permeate water from 2nd
stage.
20
24. Limitations
✓ It required carbon pre-filters because chlorine and
Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOC’s) are smaller than
water molecules & can’t be filtered by RO membrane.
✓ RO systems can produced only 15 gallon/day purified
water. So, this process is fairly slow.
✓ The maintenance of RO system must be done regularly.
✓ The RO membrane should be replaced every 2-3 years.
✓ Due to high pressure requirement RO is usually not
applicable for concentrated solutions.
✓ The RO process usually cannot be applied without
pretreatment.
24
