Episode 65 : Membrane separation processes
Membrane separation consists of different process operating on a variety of physical
principles and applicable to a wide range of separations of miscible components
These methods yield only a more concentrated liquid stream than feed. Membrane
separation processes have several advantages. These include :
Low energy alternative to evaporation in concentrating a dilute feed, particularly when the desired material is thermally labile or when the desired component is a clear liquid
The chemical and mechanical stresses on the product are minimal and since no phase change is involve the energy requirement is modest
Product concentration and purification can be achieved in a single step and the
selectivity towards the desired product is good
The method can easily be scaled up
In bioprocess industry, membrane separation is widely used because of the mild operating conditions and low energy requirements in the recovery of lactose from whey, separation of immiscible components such extracellular products (
e.g. proteins, enzymes etc) and biomass.
Membrane separation process cannot be used for feeds containing a high concentration of low molecular weight components because of high osmotic pressure or when the feed has high solid content(>25% w/v) because of pumping problems
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 65 : Membrane separation processes
Membrane separation consists of different process operating on a variety of physical
principles and applicable to a wide range of separations of miscible components
These methods yield only a more concentrated liquid stream than feed. Membrane
separation processes have several advantages. These include :
Low energy alternative to evaporation in concentrating a dilute feed, particularly when the desired material is thermally labile or when the desired component is a clear liquid
The chemical and mechanical stresses on the product are minimal and since no phase change is involve the energy requirement is modest
Product concentration and purification can be achieved in a single step and the
selectivity towards the desired product is good
The method can easily be scaled up
In bioprocess industry, membrane separation is widely used because of the mild operating conditions and low energy requirements in the recovery of lactose from whey, separation of immiscible components such extracellular products (
e.g. proteins, enzymes etc) and biomass.
Membrane separation process cannot be used for feeds containing a high concentration of low molecular weight components because of high osmotic pressure or when the feed has high solid content(>25% w/v) because of pumping problems
SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Ceo , Founder & Head of SHacademy
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
This is a descriptive note on Membrane separation. If you like this note or content please like comment and share. Your like inspires me very much .Thank you.
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions.
In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR.
As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications
Downstream processing refers to the recovery and purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal or plant tissue or fermentation broth, including the recycling of salvageable components and the proper treatment and disposal of waste.
Batch and Continuous Sterilization of Media in Fermentation Industry Dr. Pavan Kundur
Continuous sterilization is the rapid transfer of heat to medium through steam condensate without the use of a heat exchanger. ... This is more efficient than batch sterilization because instead of expending energy to heat, hold, and cool the entire system, small portions of the inlet streams are heated at a time.
Hahnemühle‘s Albet LabScience brand is a range of products designed for general filtration applications and complex filtration processes in life science and analytical applications in chemical and biological laboratories. The technical specifications of our membranes and syringe filters allow their use in areas where reproducibility and consistency are of major importance.
Quality
Our syringe filters undergo strict quality controls during and after production. The storage life of the finished products in the
warehouse is constantly monitored. Each filter holder undergoes the following five tests: bubble point, burst pressure, membrane absorption, flow rate and extractable substances. The range includes filter holders for the reliable separation of microorganisms and particles in liquids, air and other gases. Clear and sterile filtration, sample production, sterile aeration and medical applications are just some of the areas where disposable filter holders are typically used. They are available in different pore sizes and with different hydrophilic or hydrophobic membrane materials.
Our microfiltration range also includes membrane units. The first step towards successful analysis is choosing the right membrane unit. We offer you different membrane filters with pore sizes from 0.2 μm – 8 μm for particle removal or for the collection of the microorganisms to be examined from solutions. Various cellulose-based membranes and polymer materials cover a wide range of application areas, from clarification and sample preparation to sterile and air filtration to aeration and microbiological control. See our quick and easy to use guidelines on page 8f, which will help you to decide which product is perfect for you.
This is a descriptive note on Membrane separation. If you like this note or content please like comment and share. Your like inspires me very much .Thank you.
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions.
In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a solid granular material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR.
As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications
Downstream processing refers to the recovery and purification of biosynthetic products, particularly pharmaceuticals, from natural sources such as animal or plant tissue or fermentation broth, including the recycling of salvageable components and the proper treatment and disposal of waste.
Batch and Continuous Sterilization of Media in Fermentation Industry Dr. Pavan Kundur
Continuous sterilization is the rapid transfer of heat to medium through steam condensate without the use of a heat exchanger. ... This is more efficient than batch sterilization because instead of expending energy to heat, hold, and cool the entire system, small portions of the inlet streams are heated at a time.
Hahnemühle‘s Albet LabScience brand is a range of products designed for general filtration applications and complex filtration processes in life science and analytical applications in chemical and biological laboratories. The technical specifications of our membranes and syringe filters allow their use in areas where reproducibility and consistency are of major importance.
Quality
Our syringe filters undergo strict quality controls during and after production. The storage life of the finished products in the
warehouse is constantly monitored. Each filter holder undergoes the following five tests: bubble point, burst pressure, membrane absorption, flow rate and extractable substances. The range includes filter holders for the reliable separation of microorganisms and particles in liquids, air and other gases. Clear and sterile filtration, sample production, sterile aeration and medical applications are just some of the areas where disposable filter holders are typically used. They are available in different pore sizes and with different hydrophilic or hydrophobic membrane materials.
Our microfiltration range also includes membrane units. The first step towards successful analysis is choosing the right membrane unit. We offer you different membrane filters with pore sizes from 0.2 μm – 8 μm for particle removal or for the collection of the microorganisms to be examined from solutions. Various cellulose-based membranes and polymer materials cover a wide range of application areas, from clarification and sample preparation to sterile and air filtration to aeration and microbiological control. See our quick and easy to use guidelines on page 8f, which will help you to decide which product is perfect for you.
Sdal air health and social development (jan. 27, 2014) finalkimlyman
The American Institutes for Research (AIR) and Virginia Tech are collaborating to explore and develop new approaches to combining, manipulating and understanding big data. The two are also looking at how big data analytics can help answer questions critical to solving issues in education, workforce, health, and human and social development. They held two workshops on January 7 and 27, 2014- the first on Education and Workforce Analytics and the second on Health and Social Development Analytics.
Perusahaan anak memiliki lebih dari satu jenis atau golongan saham yang beredar
Laba/Rugi dari transaksi antar anak perusahaan yang berafiliasi (inter-company profit)
Pembelian saham langsung dari perusahaan anak
Saham bonus (Stock Deviden) dari perusahaan anak
Pemilikan obligasi (surat berharga lainnya) antar perusahaan berafiliasi
Why do some reconstruction programs reduce political instability while others do not? Conflict studies literature provides limited insight into this policy problem by failing to see the unique complexities behind infrastructure as a public good. Key is acknowledging that although infrastructure tends to remain stationary, its consequences are anything but fixed. I argue that infrastructure’s consequences shifts as times passes with both short and long term consequences. To analyze the effect of infrastructure in post-conflict situations, this research is a geospatial study on 33 cases where post-conflict reconstruction was needed. This research uses a unique longitudinal dataset built using GIS that combines data in PRIO-grid format on conflict event and infrastructure proximity and access. Supplementing the quantitative results is a case study into Ethiopia’s reconstruction following their Civil War. This research demonstrates how conflict morphs after infrastructure provision and how disconnected peripheries increase conflict risks over time--both of which have policy implications in regards to reconstruction, foreign aid, national infrastructure policy, and urban planning. In conclusion, this research advocates for a new theoretical approach that incorporates infrastructure's long-term qualities and role in shaping society alongside the normative goal of political stability.
Det sies at man skal gi råd i kun to situasjoner: 1. Når det er snakk om liv og død - 2. Når de blir etterspurt.
Situasjon 1 oppstår heldigvis svært sjelden. Situasjon 2 oppstår dessverre også ganske sjelden.
Jeg er neppe den hvasseste gründeren i landet, selv om jeg har startet fire selskap på fire år. Men mine 20+ år i arbeidslivet har allikevel hele tiden dreid seg om oppbygging av avdelinger, divisjoner og selskaper.Jeg tar sjansen på å dele essensen av opp- og nedturer med dere her.
Entry to Young Glory, September. Reclaim the fat. How to tackle obesity from the perspective of the collective, not pointing the finger at the individual.
Financil Contracts (FCs) specify rights and obligations that parties are legally
bind.Hence effective management of FCs is vital.Domain Specific Language (DSL)
approach provides a method of defining rights and obligations of contracts using fixed
and precisely defined set of combinators and observables.As a result, any contract can
be composed using fixed set of symbols, the contract management becomes efficient and effective.The Haskell Contract Combinator Library (HCCL) is the driving forcebehind the DSL approach in finance sector
This presentation is about the Membrane Separation Processes mostly used in Food and Chemical Industries. The presentation discusses about the Mechanisms and Food Industry Applications of Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis.
Membrane based water purification technology(ultra filteration,dialysis and e...Sanjeev Singh
This is made by keeping in mind needy students who want to know water purification technology.This slide contain brief description about membrane,ultra filtration,dialysis,electro dialysis.For further topic check my updates regularly....... .At last i would like to thanks those students who downloaded this slide.
Cross Flow or Tangential Flow Membrane Filtration (TFF) to Enable High Solids...njcnews777
Cross Flow or Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) Membrane Plants are used in Desalination, Brackish Groundwater Treatment, High Chloride Surface Water Treatment, Waste Water Treatment Plant Effluent Reuse, Biopharmaceutical, Food & Protein Applications for removal of undesired constituents and harvesting of desireable products. Cross flow membrane filtration technology has been used widely in industry globally. Filtration membranes can be polymeric or ceramic, depending upon the application. The principles of cross-flow filtration are used in reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration. When purifying water, it can be very cost effective in comparison to the traditional evaporation methods. Techniques to improve performance of cross flow filtration include:
Backwashing: In backwashing, the transmembrane pressure is periodically inverted by the use of a secondary pump, so that permeate flows back into the feed, lifting the fouling layer.
Clean-in-place: Clean-in-place systems are typically used to remove fouling from membranes after extensive use. The CIP process may use detergents, reactive agents such as sodium hypochlorite and acids and alkalis such as citric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Concentration: The volume of the fluid is reduced by allowing permeate flow to occur. Solvent, solutes, and particles smaller than the membrane pore size pass through the membrane, while particles larger than the pore size are retained, and thereby concentrated. In bioprocessing applications, concentration may be followed by diafiltration.
Diafiltration: In order to effectively remove permeate components from the slurry, fresh solvent may be added to the feed to replace the permeate volume, at the same rate as the permeate flow rate, such that the volume in the system remains constant. This is analogous to the washing of filter cake to remove soluble components. Dilution and re-concentration is sometimes also referred to as "diafiltration."
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Microfiltration
The microfiltration process is a membrane solids separation technique that
can be used to remove particles and suspended solids from for colloidal and
suspended solutions.
Two distinct flow configurations are commonly employed for microfiltration
systems, Cross Flow Microfiltration and Dead End Microfiltration.
3. • Particle size in the range of 0.05-10 microns. On molecular weigh basis , the particles
are separated or rejected. Passage of particles through membrane is usually a
function of particle geometry (i.e; particles shape and size).
• Microfiltration is suited to separate larger sizes, such as suspended solids, particulates,
and microorganisms and reduction of turbidity . Commercially available
microfiltration membranes are made from a variety of materials including organic
polymers, such as polypropylene, ceramics and metal alloys. systems are operated at
much lower feed pressures than reverse osmosis or ultra filtration due to the greater
effective pore size.
4. The Dead-end Process
• The complete feed flow is forced through
the membrane and cumulated solids are
trapped on the surface of the membrane
until backwashing is performed.
• During backwashing, accumulated solids are
flushed away from the membranes and are
collected for disposal. Backwash volumes
typically represent roughly 2 to 5 percent of
the total influent feed stream.
5. Factors influencing performance are;
• Raw water characteristics
• Trans-membrane pressure
• Temperature
• Regular monitoring and maintenance.
Pretreatment
A self backwashing 100 um strainer is often necessary to protect the membranes and
moderate particulate loading. Depending on the raw water, a coagulant such as ferric
chloride may be added to form pin flocs and help improve rejection.
6. Cross-Flow Microfiltration:
With cross-flow filtration a constant turbulent flow along the membrane surface prevents the
accumulation of matter on the membrane surface. The membranes used in this process are
commonly tubes with a membrane layer on the inside wall of the tube. The feed flow
through the membrane tube has an elevated pressure as driving force for the filtration
process and a high flow speed to create turbulent conditions.
7. • The process is referred to as "cross-flow", because the feed flow and filtration flow
direction have a 90 degrees angle. Cross-flow filtration is an excellent way to filter
liquids with a high concentration of filterable matter. In cross-flow microfiltration
(CFMF), the suspension is pumped tangentially over the filtration medium.
• Clear liquid permeates the filtration medium and is recovered as the permeate,
while the solids accumulate at the filtration barrier to form a fouling layer, or cake.
• The cake, constituting an increase in hydraulic resistance, decreases the permeate
flux.
• The tangential suspension flow tends to limit the growth of the cake termed as
sweeping.
• Correspondingly, after an initial rapid decrease, the permeate flux levels off and
either attains a steady-state, or exhibits a slow, long-term decline with time.
8. Examples of micro filtration applications
They are;
• Cold sterilization of beverages and pharmaceuticals
• Clearing of fruit juice, wines and beer Separation of bacteria from water (biological
wastewater treatment)
• Separation of oil/ water emulsions
• Pre-treatment of water for nano filtration or Reverse Osmosis
• fermentation, broth clarification
• pre-treatment of water for nanofiltration