Restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)
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Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was an early forensic technique using differences in DNA sequences between individuals. RFLP involves digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating the fragments by size via electrophoresis, and detecting variants using radioactive probes. Differences in the patterns of fragment sizes between individuals allows for individual identification from biological samples.
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was an early DNA fingerprinting technique used in forensic investigations before PCR. It works by detecting differences in DNA fragment lengths between individuals after restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis due to natural variations in restriction enzyme cutting sites. RFLP analysis generates unique banding patterns that can be detected through radioactive probes to identify individuals by their DNA fingerprint. While requiring no prior sequence knowledge, RFLP is less precise than newer PCR-based DNA profiling techniques.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
This document discusses restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), a technique used to detect genetic variations between individuals. RFLP involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific recognition sites, followed by Southern blotting to compare the length of DNA fragments between samples and identify any differences, which can then be used for genome mapping, determining genotypes, and fingerprinting for law enforcement purposes.
Molecular markers
This document discusses several molecular marker techniques: RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP. It provides details on the basic principles, procedures, applications, and variations of each technique. RFLP detects variations in DNA fragments after restriction enzyme digestion and southern blotting. RAPD amplifies random DNA fragments using random primers and PCR. AFLP involves restriction digestion, adapter ligation, selective amplification to detect polymorphic DNA fragments. All three techniques can be used for genetic mapping, diversity analysis, and other applications.
biological markers
Biological markers can distinguish individuals and populations through phenotypic or genetic differences. They can be used for phenotyping, genotyping, disease diagnosis, forensic evidence, and marker-assisted breeding. Common biochemical markers include carbohydrates for blood typing, proteins analyzed through ELISA or gel electrophoresis, lipids, and cytological markers. DNA markers like RFLP, VNTR, STR, and SSR are widely used as they can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms and are analyzed through restriction enzyme digestion or PCR. These markers are useful for forensic analysis, disease association studies, and breeding applications.
Dna sequencing
This document discusses the history and progression of DNA sequencing technologies. It describes 1st generation Sanger sequencing using chain termination methods. 2nd generation sequencing included 454 pyrosequencing which allowed massively parallel reactions by performing bead-based emulsion PCR. Illumina later developed a method using bridge amplification. 3rd generation technologies like Pacific Biosciences' SMRT sequencing allow single-molecule, real-time sequencing without amplification by detecting fluorescent nucleotides incorporated during polymerization in nanostructures called zero-mode waveguides. Oxford Nanopore's nanopore sequencing identifies nucleotides by ionic changes as single-stranded DNA passes through biological nanopores.
Dna chips, RFLPs & dna fingerprint
Microarrays (DNA chips) allow large numbers of DNA probes to be immobilized on a solid surface like nylon or glass. They have various applications including identifying genes responsible for development, diseases, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detects length variations in DNA fragments after restriction enzyme digestion, revealing polymorphisms. DNA fingerprinting analyzes variable numbers of tandem repeats in satellite DNA, producing unique patterns that can identify individuals in forensic investigations.
Rflp presentation
This document discusses Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. RFLP is a technique used to detect genetic mutations and variations between individuals. It works by digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA into fragments of varying lengths. These fragments are then separated via gel electrophoresis and analyzed to detect any length polymorphisms between individuals, indicating genetic differences. RFLP has applications in forensics, mutation detection, and requires isolating DNA, restriction digestion, gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and DNA hybridization.
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was an early DNA fingerprinting technique used in forensic investigations before PCR. It works by detecting differences in DNA fragment lengths between individuals after restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis due to natural variations in restriction enzyme cutting sites. RFLP analysis generates unique banding patterns that can be detected through radioactive probes to identify individuals by their DNA fingerprint. While requiring no prior sequence knowledge, RFLP is less precise than newer PCR-based DNA profiling techniques.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
This document discusses restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), a technique used to detect genetic variations between individuals. RFLP involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific recognition sites, followed by Southern blotting to compare the length of DNA fragments between samples and identify any differences, which can then be used for genome mapping, determining genotypes, and fingerprinting for law enforcement purposes.
Molecular markers
This document discusses several molecular marker techniques: RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP. It provides details on the basic principles, procedures, applications, and variations of each technique. RFLP detects variations in DNA fragments after restriction enzyme digestion and southern blotting. RAPD amplifies random DNA fragments using random primers and PCR. AFLP involves restriction digestion, adapter ligation, selective amplification to detect polymorphic DNA fragments. All three techniques can be used for genetic mapping, diversity analysis, and other applications.
biological markers
Biological markers can distinguish individuals and populations through phenotypic or genetic differences. They can be used for phenotyping, genotyping, disease diagnosis, forensic evidence, and marker-assisted breeding. Common biochemical markers include carbohydrates for blood typing, proteins analyzed through ELISA or gel electrophoresis, lipids, and cytological markers. DNA markers like RFLP, VNTR, STR, and SSR are widely used as they can detect single nucleotide polymorphisms and are analyzed through restriction enzyme digestion or PCR. These markers are useful for forensic analysis, disease association studies, and breeding applications.
Dna sequencing
This document discusses the history and progression of DNA sequencing technologies. It describes 1st generation Sanger sequencing using chain termination methods. 2nd generation sequencing included 454 pyrosequencing which allowed massively parallel reactions by performing bead-based emulsion PCR. Illumina later developed a method using bridge amplification. 3rd generation technologies like Pacific Biosciences' SMRT sequencing allow single-molecule, real-time sequencing without amplification by detecting fluorescent nucleotides incorporated during polymerization in nanostructures called zero-mode waveguides. Oxford Nanopore's nanopore sequencing identifies nucleotides by ionic changes as single-stranded DNA passes through biological nanopores.
Dna chips, RFLPs & dna fingerprint
Microarrays (DNA chips) allow large numbers of DNA probes to be immobilized on a solid surface like nylon or glass. They have various applications including identifying genes responsible for development, diseases, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detects length variations in DNA fragments after restriction enzyme digestion, revealing polymorphisms. DNA fingerprinting analyzes variable numbers of tandem repeats in satellite DNA, producing unique patterns that can identify individuals in forensic investigations.
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This document discusses Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. RFLP is a technique used to detect genetic mutations and variations between individuals. It works by digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, which cut the DNA into fragments of varying lengths. These fragments are then separated via gel electrophoresis and analyzed to detect any length polymorphisms between individuals, indicating genetic differences. RFLP has applications in forensics, mutation detection, and requires isolating DNA, restriction digestion, gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, and DNA hybridization.
Rflp wrt Restriction enzymes and pcr
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restriction endonuclease and pcr modern approaches
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DNA fingerprinting
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Dna sequencing.
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Restriction enzymes are endonucleases found in bacteria and archaea that provide defense against viruses by selectively cutting invading viral DNA. Over 3,000 restriction enzymes have been identified, with some being commercially available. They recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the phosphodiester bonds within or near the recognition site. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analyzes patterns from cleavage of DNA with restriction enzymes to differentiate organisms. RFLPs have forensic and medical applications such as paternity testing and disease detection.
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This document provides information about molecular marker techniques RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA). RFLP is a non-PCR based technique that involves digesting genomic DNA with restriction enzymes, separating fragments via gel electrophoresis, and detecting variations. RAPD is a PCR-based technique that uses random primers to amplify random DNA segments, which are then separated and visualized. Both techniques can be used for genetic mapping, germplasm characterization, and other applications. Key differences between the two techniques include RFLP detecting fewer loci but being more reliable, requiring larger DNA quantities, and using species-specific probes.
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Tittagudi 606 106, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email id: drgsmanikandan@gmail.com
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1. Genetic markers are broadly grouped into classical markers (morphological, cytological, biochemical) and DNA/molecular markers. Molecular markers detect polymorphisms through techniques like RFLP, SSLP, AFLP, etc.
2. Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can detect polymorphisms through insertions, deletions, point mutations, and other variations. An ideal marker is co-dominant, evenly distributed in the genome, highly reproducible, and detects high levels of polymorphism.
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This document discusses genetic and molecular markers. It defines genetic markers as any phenotypic difference controlled by genes that can be used to study inheritance or selection of linked genes. Molecular markers are readily detectable DNA sequences whose inheritance can be monitored. The document describes different types of molecular markers including protein markers, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, microsatellites, SNPs, VNTRs and STRs. It provides details on how each marker type is detected and analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages, and applications in genetics research.
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Email id: drgsmanikandan@gmail.com
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2. Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can detect polymorphisms through insertions, deletions, point mutations, and other variations. An ideal marker is co-dominant, evenly distributed in the genome, highly reproducible, and detects high levels of polymorphism.
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1. DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine an organism's characteristics. DNA is organized into genes located on chromosomes within cells.
2. The document discusses several techniques used for DNA fingerprinting, including microsatellites, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA.
3. DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify plant species and strains, helping to standardize herbal drugs and ensure quality. It has applications in forensics, ancestry tracing, and tracing the evolution of plants and microorganisms.
AFLP.doc
AFLP is a DNA fingerprinting technique that detects polymorphisms across the entire genome. It combines restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methods. The AFLP process involves digesting genomic DNA with restriction enzymes, ligating adapters to the fragments, selectively amplifying subsets of fragments via PCR using adapter-specific primers with attached selective nucleotides, and separating the amplified fragments on a gel. This technique generates 50-100 restriction fragments per sample and is highly reproducible, sensitive, and applicable to any organism, making it widely used for developing polymorphic markers and genetic maps.
TYPES OF MOLECULAR MARKERS,ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Types of molecular markers (genetics)
ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
What is a genetic marker?
RFLP: Restriction fragment length polymorphism
AFLP: Amplified fragment length polymorphism
RAPD: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
ISSR: Inter simple sequence repeat
STR: Short tandem repeats
SCAR: Sequence characterized amplified region
SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism
SSR: Simple sequence repeat
Molecular markers
Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be easily detected and whose inheritance can be monitored. They are based on natural polymorphisms and allow studying the inheritance of genes. Common types of molecular markers include RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, and SNPs. RFLPs use restriction enzymes to detect differences in fragment lengths. RAPDs use random primers to detect sequence polymorphisms. AFLPs selectively amplify restriction fragments to detect length differences. SSRs detect variability in simple sequence repeats. Molecular markers are useful for applications like gene mapping, phylogenetic studies, and analyzing genetic diversity.
Molecular markers used in biotechnology
this presentation is about the molecular markers as we all know the molecular markers are the DNA sequences it can be easily detected and its inheritance is easily monitored.so the main basics of the molecular markers is the polymorphic nature so it can used as molecular markers.and this will gives you the idea about AFLP, RFLP, RAPD, SNPS,ETC.
Genetic mapping and sequencing
This document discusses gene mapping and sequencing. It defines key terms like gene, genome, and gene mapping. It describes different types of gene mapping including linkage mapping and physical mapping. It also discusses various genetic markers used in mapping like RFLPs, SNPs, AFLPs, RAPDs, SSLPs, microsatellites, and minisatellites. Details are provided on techniques like RFLP analysis, RAPD, AFLP, and their advantages and limitations. The document also covers Sanger sequencing, the chain termination method, and the chemical cleavage method developed by Maxam and Gilbert.
DNA FINGERPRINTING
DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify individuals based on variations in their DNA sequences. It involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments at specific sequences, which are then separated by size using gel electrophoresis. The pattern of fragment sizes is unique to each individual and can be used to identify a person, determine paternity, solve criminal cases, diagnose genetic disorders, and develop cures. The document provides details on the different types of tandem repeats like satellites, minisatellites, and microsatellites that contribute to variations between individuals, as well as the basic process and applications of DNA fingerprinting.
molecular markers
DNA polymorphisms can be used as genetic markers. Molecular markers include non-PCR based markers like RFLPs and PCR-based markers like microsatellites, minisatellites, and SNPs. RFLPs detect differences in restriction fragment lengths that can be used to identify carriers of genetic diseases or match DNA samples in criminal cases. Microsatellites and minisatellites are variable tandem repeats that provide many alleles for identification. Together these marker types allow DNA fingerprinting for individual identification.
Molecular markers
This document discusses various types of molecular markers that can be used for genetic analysis, including DNA polymorphisms. It describes different types of molecular markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), short tandem repeats (STRs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It provides details on how several of these markers like microsatellites, minisatellites and RFLPs can be detected and analyzed to develop DNA fingerprints for purposes such as forensics, pedigree analysis and genetic mapping.
RFLP
This document discusses Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, which is a technique used to differentiate organisms by analyzing patterns in their DNA after digestion with restriction enzymes. RFLP analysis can be used for various applications like determining paternity, detecting mutations, and genetic mapping. The process involves digesting DNA with restriction enzymes, running the fragments on a gel, transferring the DNA to a membrane, and using probes to detect polymorphisms and produce an autoradiogram showing differences in fragment patterns. As an example, the document describes using PCR-RFLP to rapidly screen for a BRCA2 mutation by taking advantage of a restriction site change caused by the mutation.
Molecular markers- RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SNP etc.
Molecular markers are identifiable DNA sequences used to locate genes associated with specific traits or genetic conditions.
A molecular marker is a specific gene fragment present at a specific position called ‘locus’ (pleural loci) in the genome of a cell.
In the pool of unknown DNA or in a whole chromosome, these molecular markers help in identification of particular sequence of DNA at particular location.
molecular markers_by dr neelesh kapoor svpuat.pptx
Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to detect genetic variation between individuals. There are several types of molecular markers including restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Molecular markers have various applications including measuring genetic diversity, fingerprinting, marker-assisted selection, and identification of genotypes. They provide powerful tools for genetic analysis in plants and animals.
DNA FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF DRUGS OF NATURAL ORIGIN AN...
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This document discusses DNA fingerprinting techniques for identifying herbal drugs, including those of natural origin. It describes several DNA-based marker techniques like RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and ISSR that can generate unique DNA profiles to distinguish between plant species and identify adulteration. The document also provides a case study on using RAPD-PCR and six primer pairs to generate DNA fingerprints to identify the herbal plant Exacum lawii. The results found unique DNA banding profiles that can be used to authenticate Exacum lawii.Molecular markers
Molecular markers are DNA sequences that can be used to identify differences between individuals. They are found at specific locations in the genome and can be used to track inheritance of traits. Common types include RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, and SNPs. RFLPs detect differences in fragment lengths after restriction enzyme digestion and probing. RAPDs use random PCR primers to amplify polymorphic loci. AFLPs combine restriction digestion and PCR to detect multiple loci. SSRs are co-dominant markers based on differences in repeated microsatellite sequences. Molecular markers are powerful tools for genetic mapping, diversity analysis, fingerprinting, and marker-assisted selection.
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using molecular marker technology in studying genetic diversity
using molecular marker technology in studying genetic diversity
Role of biomarkers and dna fingerprinting in herbal drug standardisation
Role of biomarkers and dna fingerprinting in herbal drug standardisation
TYPES OF MOLECULAR MARKERS,ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
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GENE (Genetic )Markers.docx RAPD AFLP RFLP SSSR SNP ESR
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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)
- 1. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
- 2. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism or RFLP was one of the first methods used in forensic investigations, preceding PCR. It is based on the differences in DNA sequences on homologous chromosomes that result in different patterns of restriction fragment length (DNA segments) after restriction enzyme digestion in DNA molecules of different individuals.
- 3. In RFLP, the extracted DNA is digested with specific restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognise and cut the DNA at precise points to produce a collection of DNA fragment of precisely defined lengths. The millions of fragments produced can then be separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels with the smaller fragments migrating farther than the larger fragments.
- 5. One or more of these RFLP fragments can be detected and analysed using nucleic acid probes that are radioactively labelled.
- 6. The RFLP method takes advantage of the polymorphisms present in the genetic code of individuals. The pattern of fragment sizes will differ for each individuals tested. The main advantage of RFLP analysis over PCR- based protocols is that no prior sequence information, nor oligonucleotide synthesis, is required.
- 7. Sent to Teacher Anna Cao Directed by Dom no.2 Baye no.33 Yasothonpittayakom School
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