Responsibility accounting deals with planned and actual accounting information about inputs and outputs for organizational responsibility centers. There are four types of responsibility centers: revenue centers measure outputs in monetary terms but not costs; expense centers measure expenses but not revenues; profit centers measure performance in terms of profit; and investment centers hold managers responsible for asset use and profit as well as return on investment. Techniques for measuring responsibility center performance include variance analysis, volume of profit, return on investment, management by objectives, and balanced scorecard systems.

1. Responsibility
Accounting

2. • The management accounting construct that
deals with both planned and actual
accounting information about the inputs and
outputs of a responsibility center is called
responsibility accounting.
• It involves a continuous flow of information
that corresponds to the continuous flow of
inputs into and outputs from an
organisations responsibility centers.

3. Responsibility centers
• Each organisational unit is headed by a
manager who is responsible for the work done
by the unit, therefore , each unit is called a
responsibility center.
• There are 4 types of responsibility centers:
1. Revenue centers
2. Expense centers
3. Profit centers
4. Investments centers

5. Revenue centers
• If a responsibility center manager is
held responsible for the outputs of the
center as measured in monetary terms
but is not responsible for the costs of
the goods or services that the center
sells, then the responsibility center is a
revenue center.
The Reservations
Department of an airline.

6. Expense centers
• If the control system measures the
expenses incurred by a responsibility
center but does not measure its
outputs in terms of revenues, then
the responsibility center is called an
expense center.
The Paint Department
in an automobile plant.

7. Profit centers
• Profit is the difference between revenue and expense.
• If performance of the responsibility center is measured in
terms of profit then it is a profit center.
• A profit center resembles a business in miniature.
• It is a good training ground for general management
responsibility.
• This concept has made possible the decentralization of
profit responsibility in large companies.
Company-owned restaurant in
a fast-food chain.

8. Investment centers
• An investment center is a responsibility
center in which the manager is held
responsible for the use of assets as well
as for profit.
• The manager is expected to earn a
satisfactory return on the assets employed
in the responsibility center.
A division of a
large corporation.

9. Techniques for measurement
• Variance analysis
• Volume of profit
• Return on investment or residual
income
• Management by objective
(nonmonetary measure)
• Balanced score card systems
(nonmonetary measure)

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