The document describes the key structures and functions of the respiratory system. It discusses how respiration works by explaining that glucose and oxygen react to release energy. It then outlines the main parts of the respiratory system including the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli. It notes important characteristics of the alveoli that enable efficient gas exchange. Finally, it briefly discusses some respiratory disorders and the effects of aging on the lungs and breathing.

1. RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
BY
SARAH PAUL
ARPITHA BABU THYKATTIL
JANVI AMARDEEP JOSEPH

2.  What is respiration???
Respiration is the chemical process
whereby energy is released from glucose
or other simple substances.
Glucose + Oxygen Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water

3.  Flow of the air from the nose to the
alveolus

5. The Nose
 Provides an airway for
respiration
 Moistens and warms air
 Filters inhaled air
 Resonating chamber for speech
 Houses olfactory receptors
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. The Larynx
 Three functions
 Voice production
 Provides an open airway
 Routes air and food into the
proper channels
 Superior opening is
 Closed during swallowing
 Open during breathing
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. The Trachea
 Descends into the mediastinum
 C-shaped cartilage rings keep
airway open
 Carina
 Marks where trachea divides into
two primary bronchi
 Epithelium
 Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. The Trachea
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.7a, b

9. Bronchi
 Bronchial tree
 Extensively branching respiratory
passageways
 Primary bronchi (main bronchi)
 Largest bronchi
 Right main bronchi
 Wider and shorter than the left
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Bronchi
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.8a

11. Structures of the Respiratory Zone
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.9a

12. Anatomy of Alveoli and the
Respiratory Membrane
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.10b

13. Disorders of Respiratory Structures
 Cystic fibrosis (CF) – inherited
disease
 Exocrine gland function is
disrupted
 Respiratory system affected by
 Over secretion of viscous mucus
 Epistaxis – nosebleed
 Epiglottitis – inflammation and
swelling of the epiglottis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Aging of the Respiratory System
 Number of glands in the nasal
mucosa declines
 Nose dries
 Produces thickened mucus
 Thoracic wall becomes more
rigid
 Lungs lose elasticity
 Oxygen levels in the blood may
fall
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. The Respiratory System
 Basic functions of the
respiratory system
 Supplies body with oxygen
 Disposes of carbon dioxide

16. Structure of The Lungs

17.  Lungs are protected by the rib cage

18.  Gaseous exchange take place in lungs
through diffusion.

19.  Alveolus characteristics which allows the
efficiency of the diffusion :
Large surface area
Surrounds by network of
capillaries
Thin and elastic
Moist surface

20. The Breathing Mechanism
Inhalation : The process of taking air into
the lungs

22. Exhalation : The process of taking out air
from the lungs

24. Comparison between inhalation and
exhalation
Exhalation
Inhalation Similarities
Both involves the intercostals muscles
and diaphragm

25. Inhalation Differences Exhalation
Contracts Diaphragm Relax (dome
(flattens) shape)
Contracts External Relax
intercostals
muscles
Relax Internal Contract
intercostals
muscles

26. Inhalation Differences Exhalation
Increases Volume of thoracic cavity Decreases
Decreases Air pressure in thoracic Increases
cavity
Move upward and Ribs Move downward and
outward inward
Drawn into thoracic Flow of air Expelled from the
cavity thoracic cavity
To suck oxygen Function To expel carbon dioxide

27. Breathing Mechanism
Demonstration

28. Let’s test our mind about this subtopic!
Are you ready????
If yes , click the butterfly
If not , click the penguin

29.  Which one of the following is NOT the
respiratory organ?
A. Lung
B. Bronchus
C. Kidney
D. Alveolus

30. WELL DONE!!!

31. SORRY , THAT IS NOT THE
ANSWER

32. Nostrils Nasal Cavity Trachea ??
 The flow chart above shows the
route of air through the body.
What is components after
trachea?
A. Bronchioles
B. Diaphragm
C. Rib cage
D. Bronchus

33. CONGRATULATIONS !!

34. LET’S TRY AGAIN !

35.  What are the characteristics of alveolus to
allow the efficient diffusion of air?
I. Moist
II. Large surface area
III. Thicker wall
IV. Big
A. I only
B. I and II
C. III and IV
D. All above

36. YOUR ANSWER IS
CORRECT!

37. SORRY, YOUR ANSWER IS NOT THE
BEST ANSWER, MY DEAR

38. 
What is x?
G. Rib cage
H. Lung
I. Diaphragm
J. Intercostals muscles

39. GOOD JOB!

40. TRY AGAIN!