The document summarizes the key components and functions of the respiratory system. It describes the basic functions of supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. It outlines the four main processes of respiration and identifies the major respiratory organs like the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It provides details on the anatomy and roles of specific structures like the nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. It also discusses aging effects and some respiratory disorders.

1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BY
SARAH PAUL
ARPITHA BABU THYKATIL
JANVI AMARDEEP JOSEPH

2. The Respiratory System
 Basic functions of the respiratory system
 Supplies body with oxygen
 Disposes of carbon dioxide
 Four processes involved respiration
 Pulmonary ventilation
 External respiration
 Transport of respiratory gases
 Internal respiration
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. Functional Anatomy of the
Respiratory System
 Respiratory organs
 Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
 Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
 Bronchi and smaller branches
 Lungs and alveoli
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. Organs of the Respiratory
System
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.1

5. The Nose
 Provides an airway for respiration
 Moistens and warms air
 Filters inhaled air
 Resonating chamber for speech
 Houses olfactory receptors
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. The Larynx
 Three functions
 Voice production
 Provides an open airway
 Routes air and food into the proper channels
 Superior opening is
 Closed during swallowing
 Open during breathing
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. The Trachea
 Descends into the mediastinum
 C-shaped cartilage rings keep airway open
 Carina
 Marks where trachea divides into two primary
bronchi
 Epithelium
 Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. The Trachea
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.7a, b

9. Bronchi
 Bronchial tree
 Extensively branching respiratory passageways
 Primary bronchi (main bronchi)
 Largest bronchi
 Right main bronchi
 Wider and shorter than the left
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Bronchi
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.8a

11. Structures of the Respiratory
Zone
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.9a

12. Structures of the Respiratory
Zone
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.9b

13. Anatomy of Alveoli and the
Respiratory Membrane
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.10b

14. Location of Lungs in Thoracic
Cavity
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.12a, b

15. Bronchopulmonary Segments
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.15 (2 of 2)

16. Blood Supply and Innervation of
the Lungs
 Pulmonary arteries
 Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
 Pulmonary veins
 Carry oxygenated blood to the heart
 Innervation
 Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral
sensory fibers
 Parasympathetic – constrict airways
 Sympathetic – dilate airways
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. Disorders of Respiratory
Structures
 Cystic fibrosis (CF) – inherited disease
 Exocrine gland function is disrupted
 Respiratory system affected by
 Oversecretion of viscous mucus
 Epistaxis – nosebleed
 Epiglottitis – inflammation and swelling of
the epiglottis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. Aging of the Respiratory System
 Number of glands in the nasal mucosa declines
 Nose dries
 Produces thickened mucus
 Thoracic wall becomes more rigid
 Lungs lose elasticity
 Oxygen levels in the blood may fall
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings