1. The document discusses different types of acid-base reaction cements including zinc phosphate cement, silicate cement, and silicophosphate cement which are based on phosphoric acid reactions.
2. It also discusses cements based on polyacrylic acid reactions including zinc polycarboxylate cement and glass ionomer cement.
3. For each cement, the document provides details on composition, setting reactions, properties, applications and related materials. It specifically focuses on the composition, manipulation, setting reactions and properties of zinc phosphate cement.
Esses efeitos dependem da regularidade com que você pratica. Embora demore algumas semanas para se manifestarem, esses benefícios o acompanharão por toda a vida.
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Cements in orthodontics (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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All details about the dental cements
Introduction
Definitions
Ideal properties
Classification
Based on Ingredients & Application(craig)
Based on Bonding mechanism(william O’Brien)
Based on setting reaction (Anusavice)
Silicate cement
Zinc phosphate cement
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
research of cement
1. ACID-BASE REACTION CEMENTSACID-BASE REACTION CEMENTS
II. Cements based on phosphoric acidII. Cements based on phosphoric acid
A.A. Zinc phosphate cementZinc phosphate cement
B.B. Silicate cementSilicate cement
C.C. Silicophosphate cementSilicophosphate cement
2. II. Cements based on phosphoric acidII. Cements based on phosphoric acid
Zinc oxide Fluro-alumino-
silicate glass
Phosphoric
acid
Silicate cementZinc-phosphate
cement
Silico-phosphate cement
3. A. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTA. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
Powder :
Zinc oxide
Magnesium oxide
Other oxides and
Fluorides may be
present
Liquid :
Phosphoric acid
30-40% Water
ZnO or Al(OH)3 as
buffering agents
COMPOSITION:
5. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
MANIPULATION:MANIPULATION:
Zinc-phosphate material is mixed onZinc-phosphate material is mixed on aa
thick,cooled glass slabthick,cooled glass slab usingusing stainless steelstainless steel
spatulaspatula (Freeze slab technique)(Freeze slab technique) toto ↑↑ W.T. andW.T. and
S.T.S.T.
Powder is added to liquid small increment byPowder is added to liquid small increment by
small increment to help insmall increment to help in buffering the acidbuffering the acid
and toand to ↑↑ W.T. and S.T.W.T. and S.T.
6. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
MANIPULATION: (Cont.d)MANIPULATION: (Cont.d)
Mixing should be done over aMixing should be done over a wide areawide area
to help in heat dissipationto help in heat dissipation ↑↑ W.T. andW.T. and
S.T.S.T.
Thin mixThin mix (by(by↑↑L/P ration)L/P ration) is used foris used for
cementation purposescementation purposes
Thick mixThick mix (by(by ↓↓L/P ratio)L/P ratio) is used asis used as
cavity basecavity base oror temp. fillingtemp. filling
7. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
MANIPULATION: (Cont.d)MANIPULATION: (Cont.d)
PrecautionsPrecautions ………………….………………….;;
1.1. Liquid bottle should beLiquid bottle should be tightly closedtightly closed (Evaporation(Evaporation
of water will reduce the reactivity of the cementof water will reduce the reactivity of the cement))
2.2. Liquid withLiquid with Cloudy appearanceCloudy appearance discardeddiscarded
3.3. Shake the powder bottleShake the powder bottle before dispensing thebefore dispensing the
correct ratio andcorrect ratio and never usenever use powder ofpowder of other cementsother cements
(e.g. ZOE…)(e.g. ZOE…) oror of other manufacturerof other manufacturer
8. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
SETTING REACTION:SETTING REACTION:
ExothermicExothermic chemical reactionchemical reaction of acid-of acid-
base typebase type
ZnO + HZnO + H3POPO4 ZnZn3(Po(Po4))2 + H+ H2OO
Set materialSet material is composed of ais composed of a matrix of zincmatrix of zinc
phosphate saltphosphate salt infiltrated withinfiltrated with non-reacted zincnon-reacted zinc
oxide particlesoxide particles that are responsible forthat are responsible for
material’s opacitymaterial’s opacity
9. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
SETTING REACTION: (Cont.d)SETTING REACTION: (Cont.d)
Control of setting timeControl of setting time
1.1. ↑↑ L/P ratioL/P ratio ↑↑ S.T.S.T.
2.2. ↑↑ Mixing RateMixing Rate ↓↓ S.T.S.T.
3.3. ↑↑ Particle sizeParticle size ↑↑ S.T.S.T.
4.4. ↑↑ TemperatureTemperature ↓↓ S.T.S.T.
5.5. ↑↑ Buffering of the liquidBuffering of the liquid ↑↑ S.T.S.T.
6.6. Presence of moisturePresence of moisture ↓↓ S.T.S.T.
10. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
CHARACTERS:CHARACTERS:
1. Biological properties:
Fresh mix of zinc phosphate cement is highly
acidic (pH 1.6-3.6) due to presence of strong
phosphoric acid causes pulp irritation
In deep cavity, cavity liner should be used
beneath
Thin mix is more irritant than thick mix
Set material becomes neutral within 48 hrs
11. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
CHARACTERS: (Cont.d)CHARACTERS: (Cont.d)
2. Interfacial properties:
Zinc phosphate cement shows no chemical
bonding either to tooth structure or
restoration surfaces (Mechanical retention
and physical adhesion)
3. Chemical properties:
Cement shows some degree of solubility , and
it is dependant on L/P ratio (thin mix ↑
solubility)
12. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
CHARACTERS: (Cont.d)CHARACTERS: (Cont.d)
4. Mechanical properties:
Zinc phosphate cement is stronger than ZOE
(So it can be used for final cementation and as
cavity bases), but it is weaker than glass
ionomer and silico-phosphate cements
5. Esthetic properties:
Set cement is opaque (due to presence of non-
reacted ZnO particles), so it can not be used for
cementing ceramic restorations
13. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
CHARACTERS: (Cont.d)CHARACTERS: (Cont.d)
5. Thermal properties:
Has low thermal diffusivity used as cavity bases
under metallic restorations
6. Film thickness:
As low as 15 µm can be used for final cementation
7. Practicability:
Needs well-trend operator due to its short S.T.
Material is successfully used for a long time
15. ZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENTZINC-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
RELATED MATERIALS:RELATED MATERIALS:
Either copperEither copper (Copper cement)(Copper cement) or silver saltor silver salt
(Silver cement)(Silver cement) is added to cement powderis added to cement powder
Resultant materials haveResultant materials have bactericidal effectbactericidal effect
They can be used forThey can be used for filling 1ry teethfilling 1ry teeth andand
cementing orthodontic bandscementing orthodontic bands
16. B. SILICATE CEMENTB. SILICATE CEMENT
Results from theResults from the reaction of phosphoric acidreaction of phosphoric acid
with fluoro-alumino-silicate glass powderwith fluoro-alumino-silicate glass powder
This type of cement was used asThis type of cement was used as estheticesthetic
restorativerestorative long time agolong time ago
ItsIts drawbacksdrawbacks (Acidity, solubility, shrinkage,(Acidity, solubility, shrinkage,
discolorationdiscoloration,…),…) andand thethe development of newdevelopment of new
materialsmaterials ((Composite resin, Glass ionomer,..Composite resin, Glass ionomer,..))
limited its uselimited its use
17. C. SILICO-PHOSPHATE CEMENTC. SILICO-PHOSPHATE CEMENT
It is aIt is a hybridhybrid ofof silicatesilicate andand zinc phosphatezinc phosphate
cementscements
Powder :Powder : Mixture of zinc oxide and alumino-Mixture of zinc oxide and alumino-
silicate glasssilicate glass
Liquid:Liquid: Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid
Applications:Applications:
1.1. Luting agentLuting agent
2.2. Filling of 1ry teethFilling of 1ry teeth
3.3. Die materialDie material
18. ACID-BASE REACTION CEMENTSACID-BASE REACTION CEMENTS
II. Cements based on polyacrylic acidII. Cements based on polyacrylic acid
(polyalkenoate cements)(polyalkenoate cements)
A.A. Zinc polycarboxylate cementZinc polycarboxylate cement
B.B. Glass-Ionomer cementGlass-Ionomer cement
19. Cements based on poly-acrylic acidCements based on poly-acrylic acid
(polyalkenoate cements)(polyalkenoate cements)
Zinc oxide Fluro-alumino-
silicate glass
Poly-
acrylic
acid
Glass-Ionomer
cement
Zinc-
polycarboxylate
cement
20. CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-
ACRYLIC ACIDACRYLIC ACID
CHARACTERS OF PAA:CHARACTERS OF PAA:
1. Viscous acid with higher molecular
weight than that of phosphoric acid
2. Has lower acidity (higher pH) than
phosphoric acid
3. Provide chemical adhesion with natural
tooth structure, base metal alloys, and tin
plated Noble metal alloys
21. CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-
ACRYLIC ACIDACRYLIC ACID
ADHESION OF PAA-BASED CEMENTSADHESION OF PAA-BASED CEMENTS
TO TOOTH STRUCTURETO TOOTH STRUCTURE
Several postulations were drawn;Several postulations were drawn;
Smith DC (1968):Smith DC (1968): ((The inventor of polycarboxylates)The inventor of polycarboxylates)
ChelationChelation with Cawith Ca++++
of hydroxyapatiteof hydroxyapatite
Beech DR (1973):Beech DR (1973):
StrongStrong ionic bondsionic bonds between polyacrylate andbetween polyacrylate and
surface Casurface Ca++++
of apatiteof apatite
22. CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-
ACRYLIC ACIDACRYLIC ACID
ADHESION OF PAA-BASED CEMENTSADHESION OF PAA-BASED CEMENTS
TO TOOTH STRUCTURE (Cont.d)TO TOOTH STRUCTURE (Cont.d)
Wilson AD (1974):Wilson AD (1974): ((The inventor of glass ionomerThe inventor of glass ionomer ))
Initial adhesion is achieved by formation ofInitial adhesion is achieved by formation of
strong hydrogen bondingstrong hydrogen bonding, then, then replaced withreplaced with
ionic bondsionic bonds after a period of timeafter a period of time
Wilson et al. (1983):Wilson et al. (1983):
Polyacrylic ions enter the molecular structure ofPolyacrylic ions enter the molecular structure of
hydroxyapatite,hydroxyapatite, displacing and replacingdisplacing and replacing
phosphate ionsphosphate ions
23. CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-CEMENTS BASED ON POLY-
ACRYLIC ACIDACRYLIC ACID
ADHESION OF PAA-BASED CEMENTSADHESION OF PAA-BASED CEMENTS
TO TOOTH STRUCTURE (Cont.d)TO TOOTH STRUCTURE (Cont.d)
Wilson and McLean (1988):Wilson and McLean (1988):
Bonding of PAA toBonding of PAA to collagencollagen !!!!!! (bond to enamel(bond to enamel
is better than bond to dentine)is better than bond to dentine)
Geiger et al. (1993):Geiger et al. (1993):
Formation of intermediateFormation of intermediate layer of Carbonato-layer of Carbonato-
apatiteapatite between cement and dentinebetween cement and dentine
28. ZINC-POLYCARBOXYLATEZINC-POLYCARBOXYLATE
CEMENTCEMENT
MANIPULATION: (Cont.d)
Polycarboxylate cement adhere to stainless
steel instrument, so any metallic instrument
should be cleaned while cement still unset
To achieve better bonding to tooth structure;
1. Tooth surface should be cleaned and dried from
saliva
2. Mixed cement should be applied to tooth
structure as fresh as possible
29. ZINC-POLYCARBOXYLATEZINC-POLYCARBOXYLATE
CEMENTCEMENT
SETTING REACTION:
Chemical reaction of acid-base type
Zinc oxide + PAA → Zinc-polycarboxylate
Set material: composed of zinc-polycarboxylate
matrix with un-reacted zinc oxide particles
dispersed in providing the cement its opacity
Speed of the reaction is affected by temperature,
P/L ratio, powder particle size, and mixing rate.