This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks in research. It defines key concepts like theories, variables, and relationships between concepts. Theories can be grand, middle-range, descriptive, explanatory or predictive. Theoretical frameworks are derived from existing theories and provide the rationale for relationships between variables. Conceptual frameworks assemble concepts based on their relevance to a theme without being formally tested. Conceptual maps further explain relationships between concepts supported by literature. Frameworks guide research, practice and the generation of hypotheses.

1. THEORETICAL AND
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
SEMINAR

2. INTRODUCTION
IF YOU QUESTION THE USE OF
PARTICULAR VARIABLES OR ABOUT
PARTICULAR STUDY OUT COME,THE
EXPLANATION YOU RECEIVE IS THE
EXPANSION OF RESEARCHERS
THEORY.

3. • A THEARETICAL FRAMEWORK IS THE
ANALOGUE TO THE FRAME OF
HOUSE

4. • JUST LIKE FOUNDATION
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
PROVIDES RATIONALE FOR
PREDICTIONS ABOUT RELATIONSHIP
OF VARIABLES

5. THEORY
• A THEORY IS DEFINED AS AN
INTEGRATED SET OF DEFINED
CONCEPTS AND STATEMENTS THAT
PRESENT A VIEW OF PHENOMENON
AND CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE,
EXPLAIN,PREDICT AND CONTROL
TOTAL PHENOMENON (POLIT AND
BECK)

6. TYPES OF THEORIES
• MIDDLE RANGE THEORIES
 LESS ABSTRACT
 MORE NARROW IN SCOPE
 MORE CLOSELY LINKED TO CLINICAL
PRACTICE
 USEFUL FOR CLINICIANS AND
CLINICAL RESEARCHERS

7. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
RELATED TO PARTICULAR RESEARCH
PROBLEM
EG.health promotion by penders 1987
stress adaptation model by lazarus and
folk man 1984

8. • GRAND THEORY OR MACRO THEORY
 CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO
GENERALITY
 EXPLAIN LARGE SEGMENT OF
HUMAN EXPERIENCE
EG.ROYS ADAPTATION MODEL 1991

9. • DESCRIPTIVE THEORY
 SUMMARISE THE COMMONALITIES
FOUND IN DISCRETE OBSERVATIONS
 DESCRIBES OR CLASSIFIES
SPECIFIC DIMENSIONS OR
CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS,
SITUATIONS OR EVENTS

10. • EXPLANATORY THEORIES
 RELATION AMONG DIMENSIONS
 TESTED BY USING CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH

11. • PREDICTIVE THEORIES
 PREDICT PRECISE RELATION SHIPS
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUPS
 TESTED THROUGH EXPERIMENTAL
AND QUASI EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

12. NATURE OF THEORIES
• THEORIES ARE ABSTRACT
EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
MORE GENERAL THINGS

13. • GENERATED AS A RESULT OF
RESEARCH
SPECIFIC INSTANCES DISCOVERED
DURING THE STUDY ARE USED BY
THE RESEARCHER TO DEVELOP
MORE ABSTRACT IDEAS ABOUT THE
PHENOMENONE OF INTEREST

14. • THEORIES GUIDE NURSING
PRACTICE
THEORIES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED
IN NURSING TO EXPLAIN
PHENOMENA IMPORTANT TO
CLINICAL PRACTICE.EG:HEALTH
PROMOTION MODEL

15. • THEORIES ALLOW RESEARCH TO
KNIT TOGETHER OBSERVATION AND
FACTS IN TO AN ORDERLY SCHEME
OR SYSTEM

16. • THEORIES PROVIDES A BASIS FOR
PREDICTING THE OCCURRENCE OF
PHENOMENA
• THEORIES PROVIDES A MECHANISM
FOR LOGICALLY ARRIVING AT NEW
STATEMENTS FROM THE ORIGINAL
PREPOSITION.

17. • THEORIES CAN GUIDE RESEARCHER
AND GENERATE IDEA FOR RESEARCH
• THEORIES CAN GUIDE
RESEARCHERS UNDERSTANDING OF
NOT ONLY THE NATURAL
PHENOMENA,BUT ALSO WHY THEY
OCCUR.

18. ELEMENTS OF THEORY
 CONCEPT
RELATIONAL STATEMENTS
CONCEPTUAL MAPS

19. • CONCEPT
A CONCEPT IS A TERM THAT
ABSTRACTLY DESCRIBES AND
NAMES AN OBJECT OR
PHENOMENONE,THUS PROVIDING IT
WITH SEPARATE IDENTITY OR
MEANING.

20. • EG: ANXIETY
• TWO TERMS CLOSELY RELATED TO
CONCEPT ARE CONSTRUCT AND
VARIABLE.

21. • CONSTRUCT
VERY GENERAL MEANING IMAGE OR
IDEA SPECIFICALLY INVENTED FOR A
RESEARCH
ASSOCIATED WITH ANXIETY
EMOTIONAL RESPONSES MIGHT BE
THE CONSTRUCT

22. • VARIABLE
IT IS A MEASURABLE AND SUGGESTS
THAT NUMERICAL VALUES OF THE
TERM ARE ABLE TO VARY FROM ONE
INSTANCE TO ANOTHER
A VARIABLE RELATED TO ANXIETY
MIGHT BE PALMAR SWEATING

23. CONSTRUCT
CONCEPT
VARIABLE
EMOTIONAL
RESPONSE
ANXIETY
PALMAR
SWEATING

24. • RELATIONAL STATEMENT
AN EXISTANCE STATEMENTS
DECLARES THAT A GIVEN
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CONCEPT
OCCUR.
IT CLARIFIES THE TYPE OF RELATION.
HIGH LEVELS OF STRESS ARE
RELATED TO DECLINING LEVELS OF
HEALTH

25. ALSO KNOWN AS PROPOSITIONS
• GENERAL PROPOSITIONS
• SPECIFIC PROPOSITIONS
• HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for
a phenomenon.low level of abstraction

26. • HEIRARCHIAL ARRANGEMENT OF RELATIONAL
STATEMENTS ACCORDING TO VARYING LEVEL OF
ABSTRACTION
GENERAL
PREPOSITION
SPECIFIC
PREPOSITIONS
HYPOTHESIS

27. MODELS
• A MODEL IS A CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK OR TOOL USED TO
REPRESENT AND UNDERSTAND A
COMPLEX PHENOMENA OR
SITUATION

28. • A SET OF STATED PRINCIPLES ABOUT
NURSING WHICH GIVES
PROFESSIONALS A WAY OF
FORMULATING PLAN OF
CARE,ASSESSING THE SUCCESS AND
ADDRESSING ANY PROBLEMS WHICH
ARISE FROM.

29. CONCEPTUAL MODELS
• CONCEPTUAL MODELS,CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK,CONCEPTUAL
SCHEMES ARE A LESS FORMAL
MEANS OF ORGANISING PHENOMENA
THAN THEORIES.
• CONCEPTS ASSEMBLED ACCORDING
TO THEIR RELEVANCE TO A COMMON
THEME

30. • NOT FORMALLY TESTED
• SPRING BOARD FOR GENERATING
HYPOTHESIS

32. FRAME WORK
• OVERALL UNDERPININGS OF THE
STUDY
• IF THE STUDY IS BASED ON A
THEORY THE FRAME WORK IS A
THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
• IF IT’S ROOTS ARE IN A SPECIFIED IN
CONCEPTUAL MODEL, THE FRAME
WORK IS A CONCEPTUAL FRAME
WORK

33. IMPLICIT FRAMEWORK
• RUDIMENTARY IDEAS FOR THE
FRAME WORK ARE EXPRESSED IN
THE INTRODUCTION OR LITERATURE
REVIEW
• LINKAGES AMONG VARIABLES FOUND
IN PREVIOUS STUDIES ARE
DISCUSSED

34. • STOPS WITHOUT FULLY
DEVELOPING THE IDEAS

35. FRAME WORK FOR
PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• LACK CLEARLY DEFINED
FRAMEWORK
• LESS ABSTRACT
• CONCEPTS IN THIS STUDIES ARE
LIKE CARDIAC OUT
PUT,DYSPNEA,WOUND
HEALING,BLOOD PRESSURE,TISSUE
HYPOXIA etc

36. FRAME WORK BASED ON MIDDLE
RANGE THEORY
• TEST THE VALIDITY OF MIDDLE
RANGE THEORY
• MIDDLE RANGE THEORIES FROM
NURSING AND FROM OUTSIDE BOTH
ARE USING

37. FRAME WORKS DERIVED FROM
QUALITATIVE STUDIES
• USED AS A BASIS FOR CLINICAL
PRACTICE
• AS AN A OUTCOME OF STUDY

38. FRAME WORK INCLUDING
CONCEPTUAL NURSING MODELS
• BUILDING A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
RELATED TO PARTICULAR
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
• DO NOT HAVE WELL ESTABLISHED
RESEARCH TRADITION

39. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK
• IT PRESENTS LOGICALLY
CONSTRUCTED CONCEPTS TO
PROVIDE GENERAL EXPLANATION OF
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
CONCEPT OF THE RESEARCH STUDY
WITHOUT USING SINGLE EXISTING
THEORY.

40. • RESEARCHER’S OWN EXPERIENCES
• PREVIOUS RESEARCH FINDINGS
• CONCEPT OF SEVERAL THEORIES

41. steps
• Identify the key variables used in the
subject area of your study.
• Draw out key variables within something
you have already written about the subject
area i.e. literature review
• . Take one key variable and then
brainstorm all the possible things related
to the key variable.

42. • After all the variables have been defined,
focus on number of relationships they can
form with each other to determine the
inter-relationships between all

44. THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
• BROAD GENERAL EXPLANATION OF
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
CONCEPT OF THE RESEARCH STUDY
BASED ON EXISTING THEORY

47. CONCEPTUAL MAP
• CONCEPT IS A TERM THAT
ABSTRACTLY DESCRIBE AND NAME
AN OBJECT OR PHENOMENA
• LITERARY EXPLANATION AND MAP
THAT IS SUPPORTED BY REFERENCE
FROM LITERATURE