The document discusses the purpose and structure of written research reports. It explains that reports can have different purposes, such as providing specific information to management, selling an idea to management, or identifying problems and solutions. The structure of an effective research report includes an executive summary, introduction, research design and methodology, data collection and analysis sections, main conclusions, and recommendations. The report also lists important elements within each section, such as problem statement, sampling, data analysis techniques, findings, and references.

1. Chapter – 14 Notes Research Methods (KJAN) Summer Quarter 2014
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The Written Report and Its Purpose:
Reports could aim at different purposes and hence the form of the written report would vary
according to the situation. It is important to identify the purpose of the report, so that it can
be tailored accordingly. If the purpose is simply to offer details on some specific areas of
interest requested by a manager , the report can be very narrowly focused and provide the
desired information to the manager in a brief format. If, on the other hand, the report is
intended to ―sell an idea‖ to management, then it has to be more detailed and convincing
as to how the proposed idea is an improvement and should be adopted. Here the emphasis
would be directed on presenting all the relevant information backed by the necessary data, to
persuade the reader to ―buy into the idea. A different form of report will be prescribed in
some cases, where a manager asks for several alter native solutions or recommendations to
rectify a problem in a given situation.
Here the researcher provides the requested information and the manager chooses from among
the alternatives and makes the final decision. In this case, a more detailed report surveying
past studies, the methodology used for the present study, different perspectives generated from
interviews and current data analyses, and alternative solutions based on the conclusions
drawn there from will have to be provided. Yet another type of report might require the
researcher to identify the problem and provide the final solution as well. That is, the researcher
might be called in to study a situation, determine the nature of the problem, and offer a
report of the findings and recommendations. Such a report has to be very comprehensive,
following the format of a full-fledged study, as detailed later in this chapter .
THE WRITTEN REPORT
The written report enables the manager to weigh the facts and arguments presented therein,
and implement the acceptable recommendations, with a view to closing the gap between
the existing state of affairs and the desired state. To achieve its goal, the written report
has to focus on the issues discussed below.
Contents of the Research Report:
Title
o The title of the report should succinctly specify what the study is all about.
Table of Contents
o The table of contents with page references usually lists the important headings and
subheadings in the report. A separate list of tables and figures should also be listed in
the table of contents.
Executive Summary
o A brief account of the research study that provides an overview, and highlights the
following: the problem statement, sampling design, data collection methods used

2. Chapter – 14 Notes Research Methods (KJAN) Summer Quarter 2014
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results of data analysis, findings, and recommendations, with suggestions for their
implementation. The executive summary (or synopsis) will be brief—usually three
pages or less in length.
Introduction
o Problem Studied
o Background Information
o Research Goals
Research Design and Methodology
o Preliminary Data Gathering
o Literature Survey
o Problem Definition
o Theoretical Framework
o Hypothesis
Data Collection
o Sampling Design
o Data collection Methods
Data Analysis
o Hypothesis Testing
o Data Analysis techniques used
o Data Interpretation
Main Conclusions
o Hypothesis Substantiated/Unsubstantiated
o Limitations
Recommendations
o Based on data analysis
References
o Immediately after the acknowledgments, starting on a fresh page, a list of the
references cited in the literature review and at other places in the report will be
given. Footnotes, if any in the text, are referencedeither separately at the end of the
report, or at the bottom of the page where the footnote occurs.
o Tables
o Graphs
Appendices
o Secondary Data
o Questionnaires
o Other Supporting Data