Agricultural research aims to increase food production through creating new organisms and altering existing ones to develop products that benefit plants and animals. This could help boost crop and livestock yields, improve soil productivity, reduce losses from disease and insects, and allow for more efficient farming equipment. However, there are also risks like increased antibiotic resistance, new diseases, fewer family farms, and greater environmental impacts. Overall, agricultural research has provided benefits like higher-yielding and more nutritious foods, though it has led to farm consolidation with fewer producers.