Reshaping Food Systems: Key Policies and Investments

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International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Shenggen Fan Investing for Reshaping Food Systems - UN High-level Political Forum Side Event July 11, 2018

Government & Nonprofit

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
Shenggen Fan | Director General
International Food Policy Research Institute
New York, NY | July 11, 2018
RESHAPING
FOOD SYSTEMS:
Key policies and investments
United Nations High-level Political Forum
Side Event

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
Over half of SDGs relate to
food security and nutrition
The food system must be reshaped to achieve SDGs
New food system
Nutrition- & health-driven
Productive & efficient
Environmentally sustainable
& climate-smart
Inclusive
Business friendly

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
Prioritize policies for nutrition & health
Promote nutritious, sustainable, and healthy diets
• Tax nutrient-poor foods and subsidize nutrient-rich foods
‒ Divert funds to promote carbon neutral or low carbon food
production (e.g. Brazil’s carbon neutral beef)
• Taxing emissions-intensive foods (e.g. meat and dairy) could avoid
more than 100,000 deaths in 2020
Source: Tiffin and Arnoult 2010, WRI 2016, Springmann et al. 2016
Changes in prices and consumption
by food commodity (%)
Reform subsidies for agricultural inputs and staple crops
• Subsidies should not crowd out other public investments with
greater returns
• Convert funds to
‒ Support production of fruits and vegetables, and other nutrient-
rich foods
‒ Provide income support for vulnerable groups, including
smallholders, women, and youth

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
Picture sources: IRRI, New Agriculturist, and Zen Gardner
Promote evidence-based technologies
• Yield enhancing technologies (e.g. Remote sensing, precision agriculture)
• Improved, climate-resilient varieties (e.g. New Rice for Africa “NERICA”)
• Nutrition-driven and nutrition-sensitive technologies (e.g. Biofortification)
Photos: Ageitec, HarvestPlus, WEF, ICRAF
Scale up new multiple-win technologies
• Alternative proteins to reduce GHGs, environmental impact, health risks
• Gene editing for seed improvements
• Big data and analytics to lower transaction costs, improve monitoring
• Blockchain-enabled traceability
Support farmer-led innovations
• E.g. planting basins to conserve water and improve food safety
Invest in innovations to achieve multiple wins

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
Close gender gap in agriculture
• Ensure agriculture technologies benefit women
• Reform institutions to strengthen resource rights
• Enhance access to inputs and credit
Support inclusive institutions & effective governance
Source: Theis et al. 2017, Meinzen-Dick et al. 2017, Olney et al. 2016, Malapit and Quisumbing 2015
Encourage inclusive value chains
• Support inclusive marketing in food value chains, e.g. India’s improved
dairy chain
• Strengthen rural-urban linkages to aid food security, nutrition, and
livelihoods
Promote effective governance mechanisms
• Integrate and coordinate relevant sectors
• Enhance monitoring and accountability with data
• Consider a scientific platform for food systems
Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
Upcoming global learning event bringing
together decision makers, practitioners,
researchers, and other stakeholders
Cooperation and mutual learning will be key

Shenggen Fan, July 2018
To ensure human and planetary health, we
must reshape food systems –
this will require robust evidence, good
governance, and strong commitment
from the international community

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This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support. The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support. In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.

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Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.

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Reshaping Food Systems: Key Policies and Investments

1. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 Shenggen Fan | Director General International Food Policy Research Institute New York, NY | July 11, 2018 RESHAPING FOOD SYSTEMS: Key policies and investments United Nations High-level Political Forum Side Event

2. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 Over half of SDGs relate to food security and nutrition The food system must be reshaped to achieve SDGs New food system Nutrition- & health-driven Productive & efficient Environmentally sustainable & climate-smart Inclusive Business friendly

3. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 Prioritize policies for nutrition & health Promote nutritious, sustainable, and healthy diets • Tax nutrient-poor foods and subsidize nutrient-rich foods ‒ Divert funds to promote carbon neutral or low carbon food production (e.g. Brazil’s carbon neutral beef) • Taxing emissions-intensive foods (e.g. meat and dairy) could avoid more than 100,000 deaths in 2020 Source: Tiffin and Arnoult 2010, WRI 2016, Springmann et al. 2016 Changes in prices and consumption by food commodity (%) Reform subsidies for agricultural inputs and staple crops • Subsidies should not crowd out other public investments with greater returns • Convert funds to ‒ Support production of fruits and vegetables, and other nutrient- rich foods ‒ Provide income support for vulnerable groups, including smallholders, women, and youth

4. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 Picture sources: IRRI, New Agriculturist, and Zen Gardner Promote evidence-based technologies • Yield enhancing technologies (e.g. Remote sensing, precision agriculture) • Improved, climate-resilient varieties (e.g. New Rice for Africa “NERICA”) • Nutrition-driven and nutrition-sensitive technologies (e.g. Biofortification) Photos: Ageitec, HarvestPlus, WEF, ICRAF Scale up new multiple-win technologies • Alternative proteins to reduce GHGs, environmental impact, health risks • Gene editing for seed improvements • Big data and analytics to lower transaction costs, improve monitoring • Blockchain-enabled traceability Support farmer-led innovations • E.g. planting basins to conserve water and improve food safety Invest in innovations to achieve multiple wins

5. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 Close gender gap in agriculture • Ensure agriculture technologies benefit women • Reform institutions to strengthen resource rights • Enhance access to inputs and credit Support inclusive institutions & effective governance Source: Theis et al. 2017, Meinzen-Dick et al. 2017, Olney et al. 2016, Malapit and Quisumbing 2015 Encourage inclusive value chains • Support inclusive marketing in food value chains, e.g. India’s improved dairy chain • Strengthen rural-urban linkages to aid food security, nutrition, and livelihoods Promote effective governance mechanisms • Integrate and coordinate relevant sectors • Enhance monitoring and accountability with data • Consider a scientific platform for food systems Africa Agriculture Transformation Scorecard

6. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 Upcoming global learning event bringing together decision makers, practitioners, researchers, and other stakeholders Cooperation and mutual learning will be key

7. Shenggen Fan, July 2018 To ensure human and planetary health, we must reshape food systems – this will require robust evidence, good governance, and strong commitment from the international community

Editor's Notes

Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/8249939579/
New Rice for Africa (Nerica), a drought-resistant, high-yielding, protein-rich variety https://croplife.org/case-study/importance-of-herbicides-for-no-till-agriculture-in-south-america/ http://www.harvestplus.org/knowledge-market/in-the-news/driving-impact-harvestplus-annual-report-2016
https://www.ifpri.org/publication/what-happens-after-technology-adoption-gendered-aspects-small-scale-irrigation https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X1730505X#bb0300 Photo; USAID-Tanzania https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_images/5842086033/in/photolist-ovvDBA-oNHtu6-cVqUUm-oJatX8-owtGFr-bz3qYo-bvpXzQ-ejrHs6-ovzxWM-cVqV83-9UfdDg-9UfdAM-oRvKaz-8SmNDo-oqLcLW-oPLkqi-cVqWQC-9EfBhR-bJjL2H-aviThY-bhgH76-bJjKVg-gK4xFh-pj3hk8-oFmDXh-bvpXx7-oHyNS3-cVqVRW-9Ufdyn-orSTj4-or6YMa-fV7Ltm-ejxr6C-bvpXN7-bvpXKQ-ayZ2cG-bMX6Gr-bhgH9v-yDQE2S-utomRL-tyFSDy
Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/8249939579/

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