The document discusses process specifications and structured decisions in systems analysis and design. It describes process specifications as precise descriptions of what processes accomplish. Process specifications, structured English, decision tables, and decision trees are used to document and analyze structured decision logic. The goals of process specifications are to reduce ambiguity, obtain precise descriptions, and validate system design.
Modern database management jeffrey a. hoffer, mary b. prescott, BlackIce86
The document summarizes a grading system for a course with the following key points:
- The course grade is made up of exams (40%), a project (15%), and lab exercises (25%)
- Exams include 4 chapter exams worth 10-15% each and a SQL exam worth 10%
- The project is worth 15% and lab exercises are worth 25% of the final grade
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software serves both as a product that delivers computing potential and as a vehicle for delivering other products. The document defines what constitutes software and discusses different types of software applications. It also covers software engineering practices, including communication, planning, analysis and design modeling, construction, and principles related to each practice. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of key concepts in software engineering.
This chapter discusses the process of designing forms and reports. It outlines general guidelines for formatting forms and reports, including highlighting, color usage, displaying text, and designing tables and lists. It also covers assessing usability through factors like speed, accuracy and satisfaction. Specific guidelines are provided for designing interfaces for electronic commerce systems on the Internet, including using lightweight graphics, ensuring data integrity on forms, and implementing template-based HTML. The overall goal is to design forms and reports that are easy to use and understand.
Data flow diagrams (DFDs) graphically represent the flow of data through a system. They were originally proposed in the 1970s and became a popular business analysis technique. A DFD shows external entities, processes, data stores, and data flows. It can be used to model a system at different levels of detail. DFDs aid in defining system boundaries and communicating existing system knowledge to various audiences.
This document discusses different logic modeling techniques used to represent the internal logic and processes of a system. It describes structured English, decision tables, and decision trees. Structured English uses a modified English format to specify logic, decision tables use a matrix to link conditions and actions through rules, and decision trees use a graphical structure of decision points and paths. The document compares the techniques and concludes that while decision trees are best for determining conditions and actions and checking consistency, the analyst should be proficient in all techniques as the best choice depends on the specific modeling need.
Data flow Diagram
In this presentation we are going to briefly
Describe what is DFD.
Why Should Use DFD ?
Components of a generic DFD.
Levels of DFD.
DFD with an example (SMS Mela).
Dbms 10: Conversion of ER model to Relational ModelAmiya9439793168
The document discusses the conversion of an entity-relationship (ER) model to a relational model by describing how different ER constructs such as strong/weak entities, relationships, composite/multi-valued attributes, generalization/specialization, and aggregation map to relational schemas and tables. Strong entities become tables with their primary key and attributes, while weak entities include the primary key of their identifying entity. Relationships become tables linking the participating entity primary keys. Descriptive attributes may also be included.
System analysis and design involves analyzing business processes and requirements and designing logical systems models. Key activities include fact finding, modeling current and required systems, and producing requirements specifications and logical models. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are a common modeling technique, depicting the flow of data through a system via processes, external entities, and data stores. DFDs are drawn at different levels of detail, with level 0 providing an overview and higher levels showing more granular decompositions of processes. Proper notation, numbering, labeling, and balancing are important for effective DFDs.
Modern database management jeffrey a. hoffer, mary b. prescott, BlackIce86
The document summarizes a grading system for a course with the following key points:
- The course grade is made up of exams (40%), a project (15%), and lab exercises (25%)
- Exams include 4 chapter exams worth 10-15% each and a SQL exam worth 10%
- The project is worth 15% and lab exercises are worth 25% of the final grade
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses how software serves both as a product that delivers computing potential and as a vehicle for delivering other products. The document defines what constitutes software and discusses different types of software applications. It also covers software engineering practices, including communication, planning, analysis and design modeling, construction, and principles related to each practice. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of key concepts in software engineering.
This chapter discusses the process of designing forms and reports. It outlines general guidelines for formatting forms and reports, including highlighting, color usage, displaying text, and designing tables and lists. It also covers assessing usability through factors like speed, accuracy and satisfaction. Specific guidelines are provided for designing interfaces for electronic commerce systems on the Internet, including using lightweight graphics, ensuring data integrity on forms, and implementing template-based HTML. The overall goal is to design forms and reports that are easy to use and understand.
Data flow diagrams (DFDs) graphically represent the flow of data through a system. They were originally proposed in the 1970s and became a popular business analysis technique. A DFD shows external entities, processes, data stores, and data flows. It can be used to model a system at different levels of detail. DFDs aid in defining system boundaries and communicating existing system knowledge to various audiences.
This document discusses different logic modeling techniques used to represent the internal logic and processes of a system. It describes structured English, decision tables, and decision trees. Structured English uses a modified English format to specify logic, decision tables use a matrix to link conditions and actions through rules, and decision trees use a graphical structure of decision points and paths. The document compares the techniques and concludes that while decision trees are best for determining conditions and actions and checking consistency, the analyst should be proficient in all techniques as the best choice depends on the specific modeling need.
Data flow Diagram
In this presentation we are going to briefly
Describe what is DFD.
Why Should Use DFD ?
Components of a generic DFD.
Levels of DFD.
DFD with an example (SMS Mela).
Dbms 10: Conversion of ER model to Relational ModelAmiya9439793168
The document discusses the conversion of an entity-relationship (ER) model to a relational model by describing how different ER constructs such as strong/weak entities, relationships, composite/multi-valued attributes, generalization/specialization, and aggregation map to relational schemas and tables. Strong entities become tables with their primary key and attributes, while weak entities include the primary key of their identifying entity. Relationships become tables linking the participating entity primary keys. Descriptive attributes may also be included.
System analysis and design involves analyzing business processes and requirements and designing logical systems models. Key activities include fact finding, modeling current and required systems, and producing requirements specifications and logical models. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are a common modeling technique, depicting the flow of data through a system via processes, external entities, and data stores. DFDs are drawn at different levels of detail, with level 0 providing an overview and higher levels showing more granular decompositions of processes. Proper notation, numbering, labeling, and balancing are important for effective DFDs.
The document discusses the database development process, including conceptual data modeling using entity-relationship diagrams, logical and physical database design, and implementation using SQL. It also covers information systems architecture and planning, involving developing an enterprise data model and process decomposition. The prototyping and system development life cycle approaches to database development are presented, as well as the roles of various people involved. Finally, it describes the three-schema database architecture separating conceptual, external and internal schemas, and the three-tiered database location architecture separating presentation, process and data tiers.
1.1 Data Modelling - Part I (Understand Data Model).pdfRakeshKumar145431
Data modeling is the process of creating a data model for data stored in a database. It ensures consistency in naming conventions, default values, semantics, and security while also ensuring data quality. There are three main types of data models: conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual model establishes entities, attributes, and their relationships. The logical model defines data element structure and relationships. The physical model describes database-specific implementation. The primary goal is accurately representing required data objects. Drawbacks include requiring application modifications for even small structure changes and lacking a standard data manipulation language.
This document is from a textbook on database systems. It introduces fundamental concepts such as what a database is, the role of database management systems, and typical database functionality including defining schemas, loading data, querying, and concurrency control. It also discusses different types of database users and the advantages of the database approach such as data sharing and integrity enforcement. Examples of entity-relationship diagrams and database relations are provided to illustrate conceptual data modeling.
This chapter discusses supertypes and subtypes in entity relationship modeling. It defines supertypes as generic entity types that have relationships with one or more subtypes. Subtypes inherit attributes from their supertype and can have additional unique attributes. The chapter covers total and partial specialization, disjoint and overlapping subtypes, and using subtype discriminators. It also discusses modeling business rules and using entity clusters to improve readability of large models.
The document provides an overview of various software development processes and models, including traditional waterfall and iterative models as well as agile methods like Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP). It discusses key aspects of each approach such as phases, roles, meetings, practices, and values. The document aims to introduce different process options and considerations for developing software.
The document discusses Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), including what they are, their history, types, symbols, and levels (level 0, 1, and 2 DFDs). DFDs graphically represent the flow of data through an information system and can be used to visualize data processing. They were originally proposed in the 1970s and differ from flowcharts in that they define system functionality and show data paths rather than process steps. DFDs help describe system boundaries, support data flow logic, and improve conceptual clarity for developers and clients.
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
Chapter04 automated tools for systems developmentDhani Ahmad
This chapter discusses automated tools for systems development, known as Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools. It describes the different categories of CASE tools, including upper CASE, lower CASE, cross life-cycle CASE, and visual development tools. A key component is the CASE repository, which centrally stores diagrams, documentation, and other information generated throughout the systems development life cycle to facilitate information sharing between tools. The chapter outlines how CASE tools can support and automate activities in each phase of development.
CASE tools are programs that automate and support various phases of the software development life cycle. They include components like a central repository to store diagrams and reports, diagramming tools, documentation tools, and code generation tools. CASE tools can improve software quality, reduce errors, standardize processes, and speed up development times. Some examples of CASE tools include programming tools, documentation tools, diagramming tools, and requirement tracing tools.
This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how databases evolved from file systems to address flaws in data management. It describes what a DBMS is and its functions in managing the database structure and controlling data access. The document also summarizes different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models. It highlights advantages and disadvantages of each model.
Use case diagrams define interactions between actors and a system to achieve goals. They show functional requirements as processes and the actors that initiate them. Processes can be broken down into smaller components using <<include>> to show integral parts, or <<extend>> to show optional parts. Well-designed diagrams keep the system boundary clear and use appropriate levels of detail.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. It uses graphical notation to depict systems from initial design through detailed design. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, and state machine diagrams. UML provides a standard way to communicate designs across development teams and is supported by many modeling tools.
The software process involves specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution activities. It can be modeled using plan-driven approaches like the waterfall model or agile approaches. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Reuse-oriented processes focus on assembling systems from existing components. Real processes combine elements of different models. Specification defines system requirements through requirements engineering. Design translates requirements into a software structure and implementation creates an executable program. Validation verifies the system meets requirements through testing. Evolution maintains and changes the system in response to changing needs.
This document provides an overview of data flow diagrams (DFDs). It describes the key components of DFDs, including processes, flows, stores, and terminators. Processes represent transformations of inputs to outputs, flows represent movement of data, stores represent collections of resting data, and terminators represent external entities. The document distinguishes between physical and logical DFDs, where physical DFDs specify who carries out processes and logical DFDs specify logical activities. It notes that DFDs can be used to provide a context diagram overview of a system and then expanded through leveling to show more detail.
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints Ch5 (Navathe 4t...Raj vardhan
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Ch5 (Navathe 4th edition)/ Ch7 (Navathe 3rd edition)
Example of STUDENT Relation(figure 5.1)
Data Models [DATABASE SYSTEMS: Design, Implementation, and Management]Usman Tariq
In this PPT, you will learn:
• About data modeling and why data models are important
• About the basic data-modeling building blocks
• What business rules are and how they influence database design
• How the major data models evolved
• About emerging alternative data models and the needs they fulfill
• How data models can be classified by their level of abstraction
Author: Carlos Coronel | Steven Morris
System development life cycle - SystemDLC is the systematic approach that analyst take to analysis and design of information system
SoftwareDLC is a process followed for a software project within a software organization
The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of system and the overall development process
This document provides an outline for a lecture on functional dependencies and normalization for relational databases. It covers topics such as functional dependencies, normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF, and the process of normalization. The document defines key concepts and provides examples to illustrate the various topics.
The document discusses using data dictionaries for systems analysis. It describes the major components of a data dictionary including defining data flows, data structures, elements, and data stores. Each component is defined with specific attributes such as ID, name, description, length, format, validation criteria, and comments. The data dictionary provides documentation of a system's data and can be used to develop screens, reports, and process logic.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of systems analysts, the systems development life cycle which includes 7 phases from identifying problems to implementation and evaluation, and tools that can be used like CASE tools and object-oriented analysis and design. It also covers alternative methodologies to systems analysis.
The document discusses the database development process, including conceptual data modeling using entity-relationship diagrams, logical and physical database design, and implementation using SQL. It also covers information systems architecture and planning, involving developing an enterprise data model and process decomposition. The prototyping and system development life cycle approaches to database development are presented, as well as the roles of various people involved. Finally, it describes the three-schema database architecture separating conceptual, external and internal schemas, and the three-tiered database location architecture separating presentation, process and data tiers.
1.1 Data Modelling - Part I (Understand Data Model).pdfRakeshKumar145431
Data modeling is the process of creating a data model for data stored in a database. It ensures consistency in naming conventions, default values, semantics, and security while also ensuring data quality. There are three main types of data models: conceptual, logical, and physical. The conceptual model establishes entities, attributes, and their relationships. The logical model defines data element structure and relationships. The physical model describes database-specific implementation. The primary goal is accurately representing required data objects. Drawbacks include requiring application modifications for even small structure changes and lacking a standard data manipulation language.
This document is from a textbook on database systems. It introduces fundamental concepts such as what a database is, the role of database management systems, and typical database functionality including defining schemas, loading data, querying, and concurrency control. It also discusses different types of database users and the advantages of the database approach such as data sharing and integrity enforcement. Examples of entity-relationship diagrams and database relations are provided to illustrate conceptual data modeling.
This chapter discusses supertypes and subtypes in entity relationship modeling. It defines supertypes as generic entity types that have relationships with one or more subtypes. Subtypes inherit attributes from their supertype and can have additional unique attributes. The chapter covers total and partial specialization, disjoint and overlapping subtypes, and using subtype discriminators. It also discusses modeling business rules and using entity clusters to improve readability of large models.
The document provides an overview of various software development processes and models, including traditional waterfall and iterative models as well as agile methods like Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP). It discusses key aspects of each approach such as phases, roles, meetings, practices, and values. The document aims to introduce different process options and considerations for developing software.
The document discusses Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), including what they are, their history, types, symbols, and levels (level 0, 1, and 2 DFDs). DFDs graphically represent the flow of data through an information system and can be used to visualize data processing. They were originally proposed in the 1970s and differ from flowcharts in that they define system functionality and show data paths rather than process steps. DFDs help describe system boundaries, support data flow logic, and improve conceptual clarity for developers and clients.
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
Chapter04 automated tools for systems developmentDhani Ahmad
This chapter discusses automated tools for systems development, known as Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools. It describes the different categories of CASE tools, including upper CASE, lower CASE, cross life-cycle CASE, and visual development tools. A key component is the CASE repository, which centrally stores diagrams, documentation, and other information generated throughout the systems development life cycle to facilitate information sharing between tools. The chapter outlines how CASE tools can support and automate activities in each phase of development.
CASE tools are programs that automate and support various phases of the software development life cycle. They include components like a central repository to store diagrams and reports, diagramming tools, documentation tools, and code generation tools. CASE tools can improve software quality, reduce errors, standardize processes, and speed up development times. Some examples of CASE tools include programming tools, documentation tools, diagramming tools, and requirement tracing tools.
This document provides an overview of databases and database management systems (DBMS). It discusses how databases evolved from file systems to address flaws in data management. It describes what a DBMS is and its functions in managing the database structure and controlling data access. The document also summarizes different database models including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, and object-oriented models. It highlights advantages and disadvantages of each model.
Use case diagrams define interactions between actors and a system to achieve goals. They show functional requirements as processes and the actors that initiate them. Processes can be broken down into smaller components using <<include>> to show integral parts, or <<extend>> to show optional parts. Well-designed diagrams keep the system boundary clear and use appropriate levels of detail.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. It uses graphical notation to depict systems from initial design through detailed design. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, and state machine diagrams. UML provides a standard way to communicate designs across development teams and is supported by many modeling tools.
The software process involves specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution activities. It can be modeled using plan-driven approaches like the waterfall model or agile approaches. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Reuse-oriented processes focus on assembling systems from existing components. Real processes combine elements of different models. Specification defines system requirements through requirements engineering. Design translates requirements into a software structure and implementation creates an executable program. Validation verifies the system meets requirements through testing. Evolution maintains and changes the system in response to changing needs.
This document provides an overview of data flow diagrams (DFDs). It describes the key components of DFDs, including processes, flows, stores, and terminators. Processes represent transformations of inputs to outputs, flows represent movement of data, stores represent collections of resting data, and terminators represent external entities. The document distinguishes between physical and logical DFDs, where physical DFDs specify who carries out processes and logical DFDs specify logical activities. It notes that DFDs can be used to provide a context diagram overview of a system and then expanded through leveling to show more detail.
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints Ch5 (Navathe 4t...Raj vardhan
The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints
Ch5 (Navathe 4th edition)/ Ch7 (Navathe 3rd edition)
Example of STUDENT Relation(figure 5.1)
Data Models [DATABASE SYSTEMS: Design, Implementation, and Management]Usman Tariq
In this PPT, you will learn:
• About data modeling and why data models are important
• About the basic data-modeling building blocks
• What business rules are and how they influence database design
• How the major data models evolved
• About emerging alternative data models and the needs they fulfill
• How data models can be classified by their level of abstraction
Author: Carlos Coronel | Steven Morris
System development life cycle - SystemDLC is the systematic approach that analyst take to analysis and design of information system
SoftwareDLC is a process followed for a software project within a software organization
The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of system and the overall development process
This document provides an outline for a lecture on functional dependencies and normalization for relational databases. It covers topics such as functional dependencies, normal forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF, and the process of normalization. The document defines key concepts and provides examples to illustrate the various topics.
The document discusses using data dictionaries for systems analysis. It describes the major components of a data dictionary including defining data flows, data structures, elements, and data stores. Each component is defined with specific attributes such as ID, name, description, length, format, validation criteria, and comments. The data dictionary provides documentation of a system's data and can be used to develop screens, reports, and process logic.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of systems analysts, the systems development life cycle which includes 7 phases from identifying problems to implementation and evaluation, and tools that can be used like CASE tools and object-oriented analysis and design. It also covers alternative methodologies to systems analysis.
The document discusses database design and normalization. It covers topics such as the objectives of effective databases including data sharing, accuracy, and availability. It describes approaches to data storage as individual files or a database. The concepts of entities, relationships, attributes, and keys are explained. The three steps of data normalization are outlined as removing repeating groups, ensuring non-key attributes depend on the primary key, and removing transitive dependencies.
This document provides an overview of systems analysis and design. It discusses the role of the systems analyst, the systems development life cycle which includes 7 phases from identifying problems to implementing and evaluating the system, and tools used in analysis and design like CASE tools and object-oriented analysis. It also covers alternative methodologies and highlights that information is a key organizational resource that must be carefully managed.
The document discusses data storage and database design. It covers topics like normalization, entity-relationship modeling, database structures, and ensuring data integrity. The objectives of data storage design are to ensure data availability and accuracy, efficient storage and retrieval, and useful information integration for decision making. There are two approaches: storing data in individual files or a centralized database. Databases aim to share data across users and applications while maintaining accuracy, consistency, and availability.
This document discusses analyzing systems using data dictionaries. It defines key concepts like data flows, structures, elements and stores. It provides examples of how to define each of these components in a data dictionary, including describing data flows, structures, elements and stores. The purpose of a data dictionary is to document the data in a system to aid in analysis and development.
The document discusses concepts related to data dictionaries, including defining data flows, structures, elements, and stores. It provides examples of how each component would be defined in a data dictionary, including the level of detail needed for accurate documentation and analysis. Specific symbols and notations are presented for representing data structures algebraically and defining element attributes like name, length, type, validation rules, and more. The data dictionary is described as a key tool for analyzing a system's data and ensuring consistency across users and applications.
The document discusses quality assurance approaches for software engineering systems, including total quality management, structured walkthroughs, top-down and modular design, documentation techniques, and testing procedures. It emphasizes designing systems with a top-down modular approach, documenting software, and thoroughly testing programs, links, and the full system using both test and live data to ensure quality.
The document provides an overview and planning considerations for upgrading an Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) to release R12. It outlines key steps such as assembling a project team, allocating sufficient time and resources, deciding on an upgrade versus reimplementation approach, planning for customization upgrades, and developing a robust testing strategy to minimize downtime.
This chapter discusses how an organization's style impacts information systems analysis and design. It covers key topics like organizational environment, levels of management, and culture. Organizations can be open or closed systems, and have different management levels - operations, middle, and strategic. Each level has a distinct focus, structure, and information needs. Understanding an organization's culture is also important, as culture is communicated through verbal symbols like language and nonverbal symbols like shared artifacts and rituals. Context-level data flow diagrams and entity-relationship diagrams are analyzed as tools to understand an organization's systems and data.
The document discusses various methods for observing decision makers and their office environments, including structured observation techniques. It describes approaches like time sampling and event sampling for observing decision makers, as well as methods for recording observations such as checklists, scales, and playscripts. A key technique discussed is STROBE, which provides a standardized framework for analyzing seven elements of a decision maker's office environment and how they may influence decision making. The document outlines how to apply STROBE through analysis of photographs, checklists, and comparing observations to narratives.
This document defines data warehousing and data marts. It discusses the need for data warehousing to provide an integrated view of information from multiple sources. Various data warehouse architectures are described, including the two-level, independent data mart, dependent data mart with operational data store, and logical data mart architectures. The extract, transform, load process is explained. Dimensional data modeling using star schemas is also covered.
This document provides an introduction to database concepts, including definitions of key terms like data, database, and information. It discusses disadvantages of traditional file processing approaches like data redundancy and lack of data sharing. The document introduces database management systems and their advantages over file processing, such as improved data integrity and sharing. It also outlines components of the database environment and different types of database applications.
This chapter discusses designing distributed and internet systems. It covers key topics like client/server architecture, local area networks, distributed databases, and middleware. It compares file server and client/server environments. It also discusses designing systems for local area networks and client/server architectures. Additional topics include standards for internet systems, online transaction processing, online analytical processing, data warehousing, and three-tier architectures.
The document discusses various methods for gathering and analyzing data during systems analysis, including sampling techniques, investigating hard data sources, and examining qualitative documents and archival records. It describes sampling as a process for systematically selecting representative elements from a population. The key types of sampling discussed are convenience, purposive, simple random, and complex random (including stratified and cluster) sampling. It also provides steps and formulas for determining appropriate sample sizes for attributes and variables.
The document discusses various methods for gathering and analyzing data during systems analysis, including sampling techniques, investigating hard data sources, analyzing qualitative documents, and examining archival records. It describes sampling as a process for systematically selecting representative elements from a population. The key types of sampling discussed are convenience, purposive, simple random, and complex random sampling. It also provides steps for determining appropriate sample sizes for attributes and variables.
This document discusses how to create a data governance dashboard by connecting it to Trillium Software's data quality platform. It recommends including business rule metadata, the rules library, decision points, and time series analysis in the dashboard. It demonstrates how to use the OLE DB provider to abstract the platform's architecture and define tables to retrieve metrics, rules results, metadata, and more. Connecting the dashboard to the repository in this way allows efficient ongoing monitoring of data quality.
This document discusses data extraction and transformation in an ETL process. It covers extracting changed data from modern systems using techniques like timestamps and triggers, as well as extracting from legacy systems using log tapes. The document also discusses major types of transformations including format revision, merging information, and date/time conversion. Finally, it provides examples of data content defects seen in source systems.
The document discusses the database environment and advantages of a database management system (DBMS). It describes how a DBMS provides a central repository of shared data that applications can access. This reduces data redundancy, improves data sharing and integrity, and increases development productivity compared to file-based data storage. The document provides examples of database applications from personal to enterprise-wide and outlines the typical components involved, from CASE tools to end users.
This document discusses managing data as a critical organizational resource. It covers why data needs to be managed, including that organizations rely on data and replacing or reconciling inconsistent data can be costly. Technical aspects of data management include data modeling to map business data needs, different database architectures like relational and multidimensional, and tools for managing data like database management systems. The document also discusses managerial issues in data management, such as principles of separating data from applications and having data standards, as well as policies around data ownership, administration, and roles of database administrators.
This document discusses object-oriented systems analysis and design and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It covers key concepts in object-oriented programming like classes, objects, encapsulation, and inheritance. It also describes UML modeling techniques including use case diagrams, class diagrams, CRC cards for modeling responsibilities and collaborations, and the five-layer model for object-oriented analysis and design. The document provides an overview of structuring techniques and relationships used to design object-oriented systems.
The document discusses various topics related to successfully implementing an information system including client/server computing, network types, groupware, training, security, organizational metaphors, and evaluation approaches. It provides details on distributed systems, advantages and disadvantages of client/server models, different network configurations (hierarchical, star, ring, bus), groupware functions, sources of training, conversion strategies, and approaches to evaluating websites and information systems.
This document discusses designing accurate data entry procedures. It covers topics like effective coding, types of codes, guidelines for coding, validation methods, and check digits. Specific code types discussed include simple sequence codes, alphabetic derivation codes, classification codes, block sequence codes, cipher codes, significant digit subsets, mnemonic codes, and function codes. Guidelines provided for effective coding include keeping codes concise, stable, unique, sortable, uniform, allowing modification and making them meaningful. Validation methods and using check digits to validate numeric fields are also summarized.
The document discusses various aspects of designing user interfaces, including types of interfaces like menus, forms, and graphical user interfaces. It covers important principles for interface design like minimizing user actions, providing feedback, and ensuring consistent standards. The document also addresses related topics such as queries, web searches, data mining, and ergonomic considerations.
The document discusses guidelines for designing effective input systems, including forms, screens, and web pages. It provides tips for keeping inputs simple, consistent, and attractive. Form design guidelines include proper flow, logical grouping, and clear captions. Screen design divides the screen into headings, body, and comments. Web inputs should use common GUI elements like text boxes and provide clear instructions. The goal is to make inputs easy to use while collecting accurate and necessary information.
The document discusses designing effective output systems. It covers major topics like designing output, output technologies, and factors in choosing technologies. It provides guidelines for designing different types of output like reports, screens, websites, and more. Key considerations include choosing the right technology based on users, purpose, and other factors. The document emphasizes designing output that is meaningful, accurate and easy to understand.
The document provides guidance for systems analysts on creating effective systems proposals and presentations. It discusses including items like a cover letter, executive summary, and recommendations in the proposal. Tables, graphs, and figures should be used to support the proposal, with labels and titles. Presentations should be delivered loudly and clearly while making eye contact, and presentation software allows adding multimedia elements if used properly. Tips are provided for overcoming anxiety during oral presentations.
The document discusses the steps for preparing a systems proposal, which includes determining hardware and software needs, identifying costs and benefits, and selecting the best alternative. It describes evaluating current hardware and software, estimating needs, and comparing options to buy, lease or rent. Methods for identifying and forecasting costs and benefits include break-even analysis, payback, cash flow analysis and present value. The document provides guidance on assessing hardware and software performance and selecting an evaluation method based on the project.
This document discusses decision support systems and methods for semi-structured decision making. It describes how decision support systems can help organize information, present alternatives, and support the intelligence, design and choice phases of decision making. The document also outlines various decision support system methods including the weighing method, analytic hierarchy processing, expert systems and recommendation systems.
This document discusses prototyping and rapid application development (RAD) methods for systems analysis and design. It describes different types of prototypes including patched-up prototypes, scale models, full-scale models, and selected feature prototypes. RAD is presented as an object-oriented approach involving requirements planning, design workshops, and implementation phases. Benefits and disadvantages of prototyping and RAD are provided.
This document discusses the use of questionnaires in systems analysis and design. It covers major topics like question types, scales, validity and reliability, formatting questionnaires, and administering questionnaires. Specifically, it describes open-ended and closed questions, different types of scales (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio), ensuring validity and reliability, formatting questions clearly, and methods of distribution like mailing, web, or in-person. The goal is to gather meaningful information from stakeholders in a standardized way.
The document discusses various techniques for conducting interviews during the systems analysis and design process. It covers topics such as open-ended vs closed questions, structured vs unstructured interviews, recording interviews, and Joint Application Design (JAD) sessions. The key aspects of planning, conducting, and documenting interviews are presented across multiple sections.
This chapter discusses determining feasibility and managing analysis and design activities for systems projects. It covers initiating projects, determining feasibility through technical, economic and operational assessments, planning activities using tools like Gantt charts and PERT diagrams, and managing project teams. Project scheduling and tracking critical paths are important for completing projects on time.