Reproductive system of frog
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Male frogs have testes and accessory reproductive organs that allow them to reproduce. The testes produce sperm which travels through the vas deferens, Bidder's canal, and urethral duct to the cloaca. The cloaca is a chamber where sperm, urine, and feces exit to the outside. Female frogs have ovaries and oviducts as their reproductive organs. The ovaries contain developing eggs during breeding season. The oviduct is a coiled tube that receives eggs from the ovaries and leads to the cloaca, where eggs are laid and exit the body. Both male and female frogs use the cloaca as a shared chamber to deposit and remove reproductive and waste products.
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Gonads:
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The reproductive organs are developed from the intermediate mesoderm.
The permanent organs of the adult are preceded by a set of structures which are purely embryonic, and which with the exception of the ducts disappear almost entirely before the end of fetal life.
These embryonic structures are the mesonephric ducts (also known as Wolffian ducts) and the paramesonephric ducts, (also known as Müllerian ducts). The mesonephric duct remains as the duct in males which gives rise to seminal vesical, epididymes and vas deferens, and the paramesonephric duct as that of the female.
Importantly its sex chromosome dependence, late embryonic/fetal differential development, complex morphogenic changes, long time-course, hormonal sensitivity and hormonal influences make it a system prone to many different abnormalities.
Gonads:
Gonads Produce eggs and sperm cells, transport and sustain egg and sperm cells, nurture developing offspring, and produce hormones.
The gonads, ovary or testis, also develop in the intermediate mesoderm.
They originally form as swellings that lie just ventral to the anterior mesonephric kidney.
A mullarian duct also develops in the intermediate mesoderm near the mesonephric duct.
Due to fusion or failure of 1st ridge to differentiate, some vertebrates (agnathans, some female lizards & crocodilians, & most female birds) have a single testis or ovary.
Hormones cause differentiation of early gonads into either testes or ovaries.
As males develop the mesonephric duct makes connection with the testis as the primary sperm conducting duct, and the mullerian duct is lost.
Female reproductive system
The document describes the major internal and external female reproductive organs and their functions. The internal organs include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and cervix. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes carry eggs to the uterus, the uterus supports pregnancy and childbirth, and the vagina and cervix are involved in sexual intercourse, menstruation and birth. The external organs include the vulva, clitoris, labia, Bartholin's glands and breasts. They enable sperm entry, protect the internal organs and in the case of breasts, enable lactation after childbirth.
Evolution of Urinogenital Ducts.pptx
The urinary system includes the kidneys and the ducts that carry away their product, urine. The genital system includes the gonads and their ducts that carry away the products they form, sperm or eggs. Embryologically, urinary and reproductive organs arise from the same or
adjacent tissues and maintain close anatomical association
throughout the organism’s life.
General feature of male & female Ascaris, comparison of Ascaris ,Life cycl...
Ascaris is a roundworm parasite that inhabits the small intestine of humans. It has a complex lifecycle involving sexual reproduction between male and female worms in the intestine to produce eggs, which are passed in feces and ingested by new hosts. Inside the new host, the eggs hatch and larvae migrate through various organs before maturing into adult worms in the intestine.
Evolution of Urinogenital Ducts
The document summarizes the evolution of kidneys and urino-genital ducts in vertebrates. It describes how the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros kidney systems develop and how their associated ducts give rise to the male and female reproductive tracts. It explains that in females, the Müllerian ducts form the oviducts, while in males the mesonephric ducts form parts of the reproductive system or are reduced. The kidneys and ducts show adaptations for waste excretion, sperm transport, and supporting embryo development across vertebrate groups.
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Sheep, goat, pig poultry.pptx
The document summarizes the anatomy and development of the female reproductive system. It describes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and their structure and function. It also discusses the embryonic development of the gonads, genital ducts, and external genitalia in both males and females. Key hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands that regulate the reproductive system are also outlined.
Development and congenital anomalies of urogenital system
The document discusses development and congenital anomalies of the urogenital system. It begins by explaining how the urinary and genital systems develop from a common ridge in the embryo and open into a common channel, the cloaca. It then describes the development of the three kidney systems - pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. Next, it discusses anomalies that can occur, including anomalies of form (agenesis, hypoplasia, supernumerary kidneys), position (malrotation, ectopic kidneys), and fusion (horseshoe kidney, crossed fused renal ectopia, cake kidney). It concludes by covering congenital cystic renal diseases and the approach to differentiating them using ultrasound findings
Embryology of liver
The liver develops from the endoderm of the foregut. During the 4th week, the hepatic diverticulum buds off from the foregut and divides into the pars hepatica and pars cystica. The pars hepatica gives rise to the liver parenchyma of hepatocytes and bile ducts. It expands between the layers of the septum transversum mesenchyme. The pars cystica develops into the gallbladder and cystic duct. By week 8, the basic structure of the liver and biliary tree is established.
Reproductive system of Ascaris lumbricoides
The reproductive systems of male and female Ascaris lubricoides worms are described. The male system includes a single coiled testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, and two penial spicules. The female system includes two long coiled ovaries, oviducts, uteri which store fertilized eggs, and a vagina. Gametes are formed through a process called telogony, where gametogonia bud off from the gonads and differentiate into gametocytes as they move through zones of proliferation, growth, and maturation.
embryologyofliver-170215140438.pptx
The liver develops from the endoderm-derived hepatic diverticulum which forms the liver bud in the fourth week of development. The liver bud expands and differentiates into the pars hepatica, which develops into the major structures of the liver including hepatocytes and bile ducts, and the pars cystica, which forms the gallbladder and cystic duct. Precise regulation of signaling molecules and transcription factors is required for the differentiation of hepatoblasts and arrangement of liver cells into their functional structures.
Urinogenital System in Frog 1.pptx
The urinogenital system of frogs is responsible for both excretion and reproduction. In males, the key structures are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, testes, and cloaca. The ureters carry both urine and sperm from the kidneys to the cloaca. In females, the ovaries and oviducts are involved in reproduction, while the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder perform excretion. Both sexes possess kidneys containing nephrons that filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is stored in the urinary bladder and released via the cloaca.
Urinogenital System in Frog 1.pptx
The urinogenital system in frogs is responsible for both excretion and reproduction. In males, the key structures are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, testes, and cloaca. The ureters carry both urine and sperm in males. In females, the ovaries and oviducts are involved in reproduction, while the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder perform excretory functions. The cloaca acts as a common chamber for the excretory and reproductive systems in both sexes. Kidneys are supplied with blood via the renal portal veins and renal arteries, and contain nephrons that filter waste from the blood into urine.
Reproductive system of earthworm-Male reproductive part and female reproducti...
Reproductive system of earthworm-Male reproductive part and female reproductive part,cocoon formation
Prefinal%20OBG.pptx
The female genital tract develops from the indifferent stage into ovaries and internal/external genitalia. The internal genitalia include ovaries that produce eggs and hormones, fallopian tubes for fertilization, a uterus for implantation, and vagina for delivery. The external genitalia are clitoris, labia minora and majora, and vestibule. The ovaries, uterus and upper vagina develop from Mullerian ducts while the lower vagina develops from urogenital sinus. The genital tract has clinical implications like cysts, cancer, prolapse, infections and complications of childbirth.
HAP 8 semester 2 PCI FIRST YEAR BPHARMACY
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the organs involved in both systems, including the testes, ovaries, ducts, and external genitalia. It explains sperm and egg production, hormone regulation, and fertilization. Key concepts covered are the structures of the testes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina, as well as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and the menstrual cycle.
10.development of urogenital system
The document summarizes the development of the urogenital system. It describes how the urinary and genital systems develop from a common intermediate mesoderm and cloaca. The three kidney systems - pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros - develop sequentially. The metanephros forms the permanent kidney. The urinary bladder, urethra, and genital structures like the uterus, vagina, and external genitalia also develop from the intermediate mesoderm and urogenital sinus. The kidneys ascend to their final position in the lumbar region during development.
Development of the female reproductive system
The female reproductive system develops from indifferent gonads that are initially the same in males and females. In the absence of the SRY gene, the gonads develop into ovaries containing primordial follicles. The paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the uterus and fallopian tubes, while the mesonephric ducts regress. The vagina develops from sinovaginal bulbs, and external genitalia are feminized under the influence of estrogen to form the clitoris and labia.
Reproductive system of scoliodon
The document describes the male and female reproductive systems of the dogfish (Scoliodon). In males, the main organs are the testes, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles. The claspers are modified pelvic fins used for fertilization. In females, the ovaries release eggs into the oviducts, where shell glands secrete egg casings and fertilization occurs internally via the male's claspers. The dogfish is ovoviviparous - eggs develop into live young in the uterus, nourished initially by a yolk sac that later forms a placenta.
Human Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system consists of internal and external organs. The internal organs include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries contain ovarian follicles which produce eggs. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus and allow eggs to travel to the uterus. The uterus provides a nourishing environment for a developing fetus. The vagina leads to the external genitals, which include the labia and clitoris. The female reproductive system is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, including FSH and LH, which stimulate egg production and development.
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Reproductive system of frog
- 2. In frog sexes are separate. Male and female frogs can be morphologically distinguished. The male frog have vocal cords which enable them to make a croaking noise to attract the females during the rainy, breeding season. FEMALE MALE
- 3. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF MALE FROG In the male frog the principal reproductive organs are a pair of testes and the accessory reproductive organs are : 1. Vasa Efferentia, 2. Bidder's Canal, 3. Collecting Tubules, 4. Urinogenital Ducts, 5. Cloaca and 6. Cloacal Aperture.
- 4. Male reproductive organs consists of a pair of yellowish ovoid testes, which are found adhered to the upper part of kidneys by a double fold of peritoneum called mesorchium. Vasa efferentia are 10-12 in number and after arising from testes run through the mesorchium and enter the kidneys of their side. In kidneys, these open into Bidder's canal, which finally communicates with the urinogenital duct. This duct emerges from the kidneys and finally opens into thecloaca. The cloaca is a small, median chamber that is used to pass faecal matter, urine and sperms to the exterior.
- 5. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF FEMALE FROG In the female frog the principal reproductive organs are a pair of ovaries and the accessory reproductive organs are : 1. A pair of Oviducts, 2. Cloaca and 3. Cloacal Aperture.
- 6. Ovary In the young frog each ovary is small, flat and lobulated. In adult frog this is the same case during the period of year other than breeding season. The ovary is enveloped by mesovarium, a thin layer of peritoneum. Several hollow sac-like structures form the ovary. The lobulated appearance of the ovary due to those structures. Initially the color of the ovary is yellowish with small black spots. The lumen of the ovary is part of the coelom. It is filled with coelomic fluid. During the breeding season the wall of the ovary becomes studded with a large number of ovarian follicles. Each Ovarian Follicle contains a developing Egg. The ovarian follicles project towards the lumen of ovary. Such an ovary greatly enlarges. It attains black color with light yellow spots.
- 7. Each oviduct is a long narrow and highly coiled tube. It is divided into three parts in accordance with its structure and functions 1. Oviducal Funnel, 2. Oviduct 3. Ovisac. The anterior end of the oviduct forms a wide and fringed oviducal funnel. The ovoiducal funnel is located on the dorsal side of the lung. The margin and inner surface of the oviducal funnel is lined by ciliated epithelium. The oviducal funnel leads into the oviduct. This oviduct is straight and thin-walled for a short distance. Thereafter it becomes highly coiled and thick-walled. This coiled oviduct runs posteriorly along the outer side of the kidney. The hinder portion of the oviduct becomes very thin walled. It is sac-like and is called ovisac. The ovisac opens of the posterior end in the dorsal wall of the cloaca by its individual apertures lying anteriorly to the openings of ureters. The cloaca opens to the exterior by a cloacal aperture at the posterior end of the body.