The document provides an overview of pre-Spanish civilization in the Philippines, summarizing aspects of their society, government, laws, language, arts, and industries. It describes a society organized into classes including nobles, freemen, and slaves. The basic political unit was the barangay, led by a datu. Laws were customary or written and disputes were settled in courts or through trials by ordeal. The major languages descended from Malayo-Polynesian, and oral and written literature existed. Notable arts included wood carving, weaving, and tattooing. Agriculture, fishing, and mining supported the economy.

1. PRE SPANISH
CIVILIZATION OF
OUR PEOPLE
Prepared by:Prepared by:
Kristine Joy M. ObsianaKristine Joy M. Obsiana

2. Pre-Colonial PhilippinesPre-Colonial Philippines
A. Society and Classes
B. Government
C. Law
D. Superstitions
E. Language
F. Literature
G. Arts
H. Calendar
I. Agriculture and Industries

3. SOCIETY AND CLASSES

4. SOCIETY AND CLASSES

5. SOCIETY AND CLASSES

6. NOBLES
Datu
Gat or
Lakan
Dayang
Raja

7. FREEMAN
Timagua
Timawa
Malaya
Mahadlika

9. SLAVES
1.Birth
2.Captivity in wars
3.Purchase
4.Failure to pay debts
5.Punishment for crimes

10. Type of Slaves
Aliping namamahay Alipin saguiguilid

11. In Visayans
TumatabanTumataban - worked for his master
when summoned to do so.
TumarampukTumarampuk - worked one day for his
master
AyueyAyuey - worked three days for his lord.

12. “Any member of the social classes
could go up or down the social ladder
depending upon the attendant
circumstances.” (Agoncillo 1960)

13. DID YOU KNOW?DID YOU KNOW ?
From the accounts of Antonio de Morga and
Juan de Plasencia, one gets the impression that
the so called slaves were not actually slavesso called slaves were not actually slaves in the
European sense, but dependents. Even today, in
some places such dependents exist, yet it had not
been proper to called them slaves. John leddy
Phelan in his book The Hispanization of the
Philippines (Madison, 1959), p 20, correctly points
out that “to call the pre hisponic system of labor
organization slavery, as spaniards invariably did,
is misleading. The whole arrangement had much
more common with debts peonage and share-
cropping than it did with the European of chattel
slavery.” (Agoncillo 1960:3) p. 36

14. GOVERNMENT
unit of government was the barangay,
which consisted of from 30 to 100
families. The term came from the Malay
word balangay, meaning sailboat
barangays were headed by chieftains
called datu

15. balangay

16. DatuDatu
the chief executive, legislator and judge.
govern his subject
the supreme commander in time of war
to promote their welfare and interests.

17. communitycommunity
Served their chieftains during war and
voyages
Helped him in the tilling and sowing of
the land
Helped him in the construction of his
house
They paid tributes called buwis

18. WarsWars
A man from one barangay went to
another and was murdered without and
obvious cause
Kidnapping the wives of men belonging
to one barangay
Maltreatment of men of one barangay by
men of another barangay

19. LAWS
were either customary (handed down
from generation to generation orally) or
written (promulgated from time to time
as necessity arose)
dealt with various subjects such as
inheritance, property rights, divorce,
usury, family relations, divorce,
adoption, loans, etc.
those found guilty of crimes were
punished either by fine or by death; some
punishments can be considered as
torture by modern standards

20. Legislation
before laws are made, the chief consults
with a council of elders who approved of
his plan
they are not immediately enforced until
the new legislation is announced to the
village by the umalohokan, who also
explains the law to everyone

21.  Judicial Process
 disputes between individuals were settled by a
court made up of the village chief and the
council of elders; between barangays, a board
made up of elders from neutral barangays
acted as arbiter
 the accused and the accuser faced each other
in front of the “court” with their respective
witnesses
 both took an oath to tell the truth; most of the
time, the one who presents the more witnesses
wins the case
 if the losing party contests the decision, he is
bound to lose in the end because the chief
always take the side of the winner

22. Trial by Ordeal
to determine the innocence of an accused,
he is made to go through a number of
ordeals which he must pass
examples include dipping one’s hand in
boiling water, holding a lighted candle
that must not be extinguished, plunging
into a river and staying underwater for as
long as possible, chewing uncooked rice
and spitting, etc.
among the Ifugaos, ordeal by combat was
common, i.e. bultongbultong(wrestling), alaw
(duel)

23. bultong

24. SUPERSTITIONS
Witches
 Aswang
 Mangkukulam
 Mangangaway
 Tianak
 Tikbalang

25. SUPERSTITIONS
Anting anting
Gayuma
Odom
Uiga

26. SUPERSTITIONS
The appearance of a comet is an ill omen
for it tells war, pestilence or calamity
When a pregnant woman cuts her hair,
she will give birth to a hairless child
A pregnant woman should not eat twin
bananas, otherwise she will give birth to
twins
A girl who sings before the stove while
cooking, will marry an old widow
When a cat wipes its face with its paws,

27. LANGUAGE
• there are more than one hundred languages in
the Philippines, eight of which are considered
major languages. They are: Tagalog, Iloko,
Pangasinan, Pampangan, Sugbuhanon,
Hiligaynon, Samarnon or Samar-Leyte, and
Magindanao
• these languages are descended from
Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian language
• the differences might be accounted for the
need to forming new words and phrases to fit
the new environment
• many of the words or terms in Filipino
languages were derived from Malayan

29. Malay Tagalog English
abu abo ash
aku ako I
alang halang across
alangan alangan Half-hearted
alun alon waves
anam anim six
amok hamok attack;struggle
babi baboy pig

30. “There is no single or general
language of the Filipinos extending
throughout the islands, but all of them ,
though there are many different
tongues, are so much alike that they
may be learned and spoken in a short
time.”
--Father Pedro Chirino 1604

31. LITERATURE
ORALORAL
WRITTENWRITTEN
Poetry
Bugtong
Salawikain
Myths
Legends
awit
Poetry
Bugtong
Salawikain
Myths
Legends
awit
Darangan
Bantugan
Ilim
Hudhud
Darangan
Bantugan
Ilim
Hudhud

32. ARTS
bahay kubo
Bahay sa dagat
Kweba
Canoe
Karakoa

33. ARTS
TattooTattoo were also
fashionable for
some pre-colonial
Filipinos; they
also exhibit a
man’s war record
SculptureSculpture
(clay, stone, wood
and gold)
weaponsweapons

34. first glimpse can be seen in primitive
tools and weapons that were polished
along the lines of leaves and petals of
flowers
can also be seen in beads, amulets,
bracelets, and other ornaments made of
jade, red cornelian, and other stones
dyed and ornamented their barkcloth
with designs of attractive colors

35. in the Iron Age, aside from armlets,
bracelets, rings, and headbands, tattoos
also became fashionable; metals and
glass also came into use; weaving
became a preoccupation for women;
weapons were manufactured with
designs on their handles; pottery with
incised designs were made; and carvings
made of wood, bone, ivory or horn were
also done not only for the use of the
living but also of the dead

36. utensils
gangsa

37. Igorot
shields

38. CALENDAR
BISAYAN - 12 months and 356 days a
year.
- 30 days except on the last
which contained 26 days.
IFUGAO - 13 months and 356 days a
year
- 28 days each month except
the 13month which
contains 29 days.
- tumunoh- tumunoh

39. AGRICULTURE AND
INDUSTRIES
 Fishing
 Mining
 Lumbering
 Weaving
 Metal work
 Making tools and
weapon
 Manufacturing of wines
 Raising of poultry and
stock
 Tuning
 Ship building

40. AGRICULTURE AND
INDUSTRIES
• main source of livelihood
• rice,coconutscoconuts, sugar cane, cotton,
hemp, bananasbananas, oranges, and many
species of fruits and vegetables were
grown
• done in two ways : kainginkaingin system
(slash and burn) and tillagetillage

43. agricultural productivity was enhanced
by use of irrigation ditches like those
found in the Ifugao Rice Terraces.Ifugao Rice Terraces.
landholding was either public (less
arable land that could be tilled freely by
anyone) and private (rich and cultivated
lands belonging to nobles and datus)
some rented land and paid in gold or in
kind

45. Ifugao Rice Terraces, acclaimed by
poets as the “Eight Wonder of the world”
built more than 2,000 years ago by
hardly Ifugaos, using only their bare
hands and crude stone tools along the
massive slopes of the mountains.
DID YOU KNOW ?

46. the daily fare consisted of rice and boiled
fish, or sometimes pork or venison,
carabao or wild buffalo meat
fermented the sap of palm trees and
drank it as liquor called tuba

47. Livestock
Pre-colonial Filipinos raised chickens,
pigs, goats, carabaos, and small native
ponies

48. Fishing
 Was a thriving industry for those who live in
the coast or near rivers and lakes
 Various tools for fishing such as nets, bow andbow and
arrowarrow, spear, wicker basket, hooks and lines,
corrals and fish poisons were used.
 Pearls fisheries also abound in Sulu.
Fishing with
bow & arrow

49. Mining
• Comparatively developed before the
coming of the Spaniards.
• The ancients mined gold in many parts
of the archipelago and were traded
throughout the country and with other
countries.

50. Lumbering and Shipbuilding
were flourishing
industries
Filipinos were said
to be proficient in
building ocean-going
vessels

51. Weaving
 home industry that was
dominated by women
using crude wooden
looms, textiles such as
sinamay from hemp,
medrinaque from
banana, cotton, linen,
and silk, were woven

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53. Kristine joy M.Kristine joy M.
obsianaobsiana