Reaings in Philippine History

2. BARANGAY:
Sixteenth Century
Philippine Culture and
Society
WILLIAM HENRY
SCOTT
historian

3. What did the Spaniards
actually say about the
Filipino people when they
first met them?

4. BARANGAY:
Sixteenth Century Philippine
Culture and Society

5. It is unfortunate
that we have no
early dictionaries of
Mindanao languages
like those that
detailed description
of classic Visayan
culture.

6. BARANGAY:
Sixteenth Century Philippine
Culture and Society
TRAVEL
ACCOUNTS
NAVIGATIONAL
LOGS
SERMON
BOOKS
CATECHISMS
LETTERS
REPORTS
DICTIONARIES

7. What did the
Spaniards
actually say
about the
Filipino people
when they first
met them?

8. The word “Barangay”
• Or “balangay”
• Balangi or balanghai
according to Antonio
Pigafetta
• 1976: Discovery of
ancient boat in Butuan
• The use of this word for
the smallest political
unit of Tagalog society

9. • All sixteenth century
Filipinos live on the
seacoast or navigable
lakes and streams. The
only means of
transportation were
“boats”
• Communities were
connected by water
The word “Barangay”

10. Communities were connected by
water
The word “Barangay”

11. • Filipinas after the young prince who
become king “King Philip II”.
• The colony later named “Las Islas
Filipinas”
• Called the natives “Indio”
• In short, the people of the
Philippines were called Filipinos
when they were practicing their
own culture—or to put t another
way, before they became indios.
The word “Filipino”

12. • 1-2 million inhabitants
during the time of
Spanish advent.
• Negritos and Muslim
Filipinos were considered
a separate race
Early Filipinos

13. PHYSICAL
APPEARANC
E

14. medium stare
Physical Appearance: MEN

15. medium stare
Physical Appearance: WOMEN

16. • Tooth filling as “sangka”
• One filled, the teeth were
colored in different ways.
• Red lakha ant eggs and kaso
flowers were used to color teeth
• Regular chewing of anipay made
them black or the application of
tar-based coating called tapul
gave them the appearance of
polished ebony
• Most impressive were “Pusad” or
teeth goldwork
Decorative Dentistry

17. • Spaniards called the Visayans
“Pintados” because they were
painted
• “Batuk” general term for tattoos
or “Patik” in some places
• Symbol of male valor
• Test of manhood
• Made by skillful artists who are
paid for his services
• Tattoo meanings and how were
they applied?
TATTOOING

18. • Skull shape which conforms to the
local canons of beauty
• Ancient Visayans considered broad
faces with receding foreheads and
flat noses handsome and
compressed their babies’ skull to
achieve them.
• Done with the device called
“tangad”,a comblike set of thin
rods bound to a baby’s forehead
by bandages fastened at some
point behind.
• This prevented the forward growth
of the frontal bone and directed it
backward so that the head grew
higher at the rear.
SKULL MOULDING

19. • Visayan men wore a pin
through their penis for
greater stimulation of
their sex partners.
• This pin is called
“tugbuk” and was
inserted during
childhood.
PENIS PINS

20. • It was called “tuli”.
• Uncircumcised called “pisot”.
• The operation was performed
informally with no particular
ceremony.
• Thought to serve hygienic
purposes.
Circumcision

21. • Men and women wore
earrings.
• Men with one or two
holes per lobe, as thick
as a finger.
• Women with three or
four (to accommodate
variety of ornaments).
Pierced Ears

22. • Hairstyles usually differed
between one community to the
other and could go in and out
of fashion quicky.
• Visayansin Homonhon (hair
down to their waist).
• King of Butuan ( shoulder
length)
• Men on the coast of Surigao
(Pulled their hairs back into a
knot at the nape of the neck).
• Only the Soanish influence was
greatest didthe Filipinos cut
their hair short.
Hair

23. • Made of tortoise shell, mother-of-
pearl,precious stones, giant clam
shells, and gold
• Jewelries was part of “Bahandi”or
heirloom wealth buried with ranking
datus.
Jewelry

24. Jewelry

25. FOOD &
FARMING

26. Staple Food
RICE MILLET
ROOT CROPS

27. Staple Food
SAGO PALM BANANA
FINGER
BANANA

28. Hunting
Hunted with
dogs and
nets
DOGS (Ayam)
HUNTERS (Mangangayam)
PREDICT WHETHER THE DOG IS A GOOD HUNTER (Inaya

29. Fishing
Fishing done
inshore
Fish were caught using nets, traps, and corral
at the mouth of the river

30. Domestic Animals
Seafood as the
main source of
protein
Pigs and chickens
were also raised

31. Cooking
Cooking in an a
clay kalan stove
Staple food were
boiled
Viands frequently
fried in coconut oil

32. Betel Nut An essential
relationship
before beginning
any discussion
Preparation, exchange, serving and
chewing was the most important
social actamong Visayans

33. Distilling and Drinking
TUBA
KABARAWAN
INTU PANGASI

34. TRADES &
COMMERCE

35. Ironworking
BLACKSMITH or
PANDAY SA PUTHAW

36. Woodworking
BOLO

37. Architecture
Permanent wooden
structures Cottages made of light
materials
Tree houses
DATU
ORDINARY PEOPLE
TIME OF WAR

38. Boat Building
Baroto (Spanish called
as canoa)

39. Pottery
Baroto (Spanish called
as canoa)

40. Goldworking

41. Weaving

42. Textiles
Abaca cloth gapas pinayusan

43. Domestic Trade

44. Domestic Trade

45. International Commerce

46. RELIGION

47. Nature Spirits
New moon
Starts and
constellations
River gods

48. The Unseen World
Gods and
goddesses
(diwata)
deities
Ancestor
spirits

49. The Spirit Underworld
tiktik
aswang
yawa
binaliw
Omens and
divination

50. Literature &
Entertainmen
t

51. The Alphabet
Only speciments
are the
signature of
BERNARDINO
DIMABASA and
MARIA MUTIA

52. Literature
Only speciments
are the
signature of
BERNARDINO
DIMABASA and
MARIA MUTIA

53. Literature
Spanish account are
unanimous in saying
that Filipinos did not
use their alphabet for
literary compositions
or record keeping.
Instead they used
their script only for
letters and messages
KABUNGAW AND BUBUNG GINBUNA

54. Epics
Is thought to have originated in
the stories of Indo-European
tribal bards regaling a band of
warriors gathered around a
campfire with tales that
glorified approved standards of
male conduct
DATUNG SUMANGA & BUGBONG HUMASANUN

55. Folklore
The First Man and Woman Why the Bat is Called Stupid

56. Folklore
The Tortoise and the Monkey Pusong of Magtaon
Parapat
Bingi of
Lawan

57. Musical Instruments
SMALL
LUTE
BAMBOO
ZITHER
NOSE FLUTE
RED JEW’S
HARP

58. Vocal Music
Always singing
except when
they are sick or
asleep

59. Dancing
With the exception
of funerals, all
Visayan feasts
sponsored by Datus
were accompanied
by dancing and gong
playing

60. Games and Gambling
SUNGKA SABUNG

61. Nature
Science

62. Environment
“banwa” a word
which meant
mountain,
countryside,
terrain, climate,
and homeland

63. Health and Hygiene
A feature of Filipino life
which always attracted
Spanish attention was
their personal cleanliness.
Upper-class Visayans
wanted to have a pleasing
body odor.
Father Colin thought that
the reason Filipinos
settled along streams and
riverbanks was their
fondness for..
BATHING

64. Ailments
Visayans suffered
skin diseases as one
of their most
common complaints.
NUGAS
ALIPUNGA
BUYOOK
ALATAY

65. Treatments
MASSAGE
SWEATING
MEDICINES
COUNTER SORCERY
Propitiation of supernatural beings

66. Timekeeping
Visayans divided the
daylight hours into a
dozen or more specific
times according to the
position of the sun

67. Social
Organization

68. Social Class
datu timawa Oripun

69. DATU
• The word “DATU”means an
incumbent ruler both political and
social class
• Married within their rank
• Also took secondary wives
• Authority arose from his lineage
• Power depended upon his wealth,
number of slaves and subjects,
and his reputation for physical
prowess.

70. DATU
• Expected to govern his people,
settle their disputes, protect them
from enemies, and lead them in
battle.
• In return of these responsibilities,
he received labor and tribute from
his people.
• These advantages enabled them
to specialize their activities,
perfect skills and accumulate
wealth.

71. TIMAWA
• Spanish dictionaries define
“Timawa” as “freeman”
• Originally offsprings or decendants
of a datu’s commoner wives or slave
concubines.
• Paid tribute or transfer their
allegiance to some other datu.
• Won their tattoos beside the datu in
battle.
• Open marriage negotiations for their
sons

72. TIMAWA
• Men of consequence in the
community.
• They could lend or borrow money,
enter business partnerships, and
acquire slaves of their own.
• Commoners or people in between.

73. ORIPUN
• Status is dependent on birthright,
inheritance or acquired debt,
commuted penal sentence, or by
victimization by the more
powerful.
• Foreign captives or acquired from
human sacrifice.
• Bore children of the same class.
• Redeemend or tinubos oripon
could be transferred from one to
another.

74. Weapons &
War

75. Swords and Daggers

76. SWORD AND DAGGERS
• Bladed weapons were an ordinary
part of Visayan male costume,
atleast a dagger or a spear.
• Visayan life was sufficiently
warlike.
• “Gubat”, a general term for
warfare.

77. What did the Spaniards
actually say about the
Filipino people when they
first met them?

78. What did the Filipinos
actually say about the
Spaniards when they first
met them?

79. The culture and society
of the sixteenth century
Philippines explains our
current culture and
society.

80. The disparity is to be
accounted for by the
profound changes which
occurred in the
Philippine society
culture during the past
four centuries.

81. These similarities give
impressive testimony to
the community of the
Philippine culture across
centuries.

82. Naturally, this common
heritage did not survive
intact the imposition of
colonial authority.

83. The disparity is to be
accounted for by the
profound changes which
occurred in the
Philippine society
culture during the past
four centuries.

84. Filipinos who have
grown up under Spanish
domination considered
themselves a different
people from those who
have not.

85. It is precisely this
SOCIAL AMNESIA
which today stigmatizes
as cultural minorities
those Filipinos who
resisted colonial
acculturation.

86. -END OF SLIDE-
Thank you for listening!