This document provides an abstract and contents for a study on information society and mobile communication. It discusses the definition of information society and the key characteristics, including information empowerment, information consciousness, use of information as an economic resource, and the development of the information sector. It also defines global system for mobile communication (GSM) and describes the main components of the GSM network, including the switching system, base station system, and operation and support system. It provides details on network areas like cells, location areas, and public land mobile network areas. Finally, it outlines some key specifications and characteristics of GSM, such as frequency band, duplex distance, channel separation, and access and speech coding methods.
GSM is a standard for digital cellular networks that allows subscribers to use their phones globally. It uses FDMA to divide the spectrum into channels and TDMA to divide each channel into timeslots. The network consists of MSCs, HLRs, VLRs, BSCs, BTSs and cells. The MSC handles calls and interfaces with other networks. HLRs store subscriber data and VLRs temporarily store data for subscribers in the local area. BSCs control BTSs which transmit signals to mobile devices within cells. Key identifiers include IMSI, IMEI, MSISDN and MSRN.
The document provides an overview of mobile cellular networks from 1G to 4G technologies. It discusses the basics of cellular networks including frequency bands, cells, and handoffs. It then describes the multiple access schemes used in different generations including FDMA in 1G, TDMA in 2G, and CDMA in 3G. It provides details on 2G GSM network standards, protocols, and architecture. It also summarizes the evolution from 2G to 3G UMTS and 3.5G HSPA networks as well as the 4G LTE technology including its advantages over previous standards.
Global System For Mobile Communication by Ummer &MaroofUmmer Rashid Dar
Global System For Mobile Communication
By: Ummer Rashid Dar & Maroof Bashir Bhat
M.tech (ECE) ,1st year .
Pounduchery University.
Dept.of Electronics Engineering .
605014
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a digital cellular standard developed in 1982 to provide a common standard for mobile phones across Europe. GSM specifications define the functions and interfaces of the GSM network, which includes switching systems, base station systems, and operation and support systems. The switching system performs call processing and subscriber functions, the base station system handles radio functions through base station controllers and base transceiver stations, and the operation and support system allows network operators to monitor and control the system.
Global system for mobile communication gsmDAVID RAUDALES
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) standard. It discusses the history and evolution of cellular networks leading to GSM. Key aspects of GSM covered include its development from 1982 to 1995, the GSM network elements such as the switching system, base station system, and operation and support system. The switching system manages subscriber services and includes elements like the home location register, mobile switching center, and visitor location register. The base station system handles radio functions and consists of base station controllers and base transceiver stations.
The document summarizes the architecture of the GSM network. It is divided into four main parts: the Mobile Station, the Base Station Subsystem, the Network and Switching Subsystem, and the Operation and Support Subsystem. The Mobile Station consists of the SIM card and mobile equipment. The Base Station Subsystem provides the interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem and manages radio resources. The Network and Switching Subsystem manages communications and includes databases for subscriber information. The Operation and Support Subsystem controls and monitors the entire GSM system.
This document provides an overview of Vodafone's organizational history and Mumbai network. Vodafone is the largest mobile network operator in the world, operating in 25 countries with over 300 million customers globally. The Mumbai network is one of Vodafone's widest networks in India, divided into 5 zones covering Lower Parel, Santa Cruz, Borivali, Thane, and Vashi. It utilizes Ericsson hardware and has over 2,300 cell sites and 5,900 cells to serve 28 million subscribers in the region.
GSM is a standard for digital cellular networks that allows subscribers to use their phones globally. It uses FDMA to divide the spectrum into channels and TDMA to divide each channel into timeslots. The network consists of MSCs, HLRs, VLRs, BSCs, BTSs and cells. The MSC handles calls and interfaces with other networks. HLRs store subscriber data and VLRs temporarily store data for subscribers in the local area. BSCs control BTSs which transmit signals to mobile devices within cells. Key identifiers include IMSI, IMEI, MSISDN and MSRN.
The document provides an overview of mobile cellular networks from 1G to 4G technologies. It discusses the basics of cellular networks including frequency bands, cells, and handoffs. It then describes the multiple access schemes used in different generations including FDMA in 1G, TDMA in 2G, and CDMA in 3G. It provides details on 2G GSM network standards, protocols, and architecture. It also summarizes the evolution from 2G to 3G UMTS and 3.5G HSPA networks as well as the 4G LTE technology including its advantages over previous standards.
Global System For Mobile Communication by Ummer &MaroofUmmer Rashid Dar
Global System For Mobile Communication
By: Ummer Rashid Dar & Maroof Bashir Bhat
M.tech (ECE) ,1st year .
Pounduchery University.
Dept.of Electronics Engineering .
605014
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a digital cellular standard developed in 1982 to provide a common standard for mobile phones across Europe. GSM specifications define the functions and interfaces of the GSM network, which includes switching systems, base station systems, and operation and support systems. The switching system performs call processing and subscriber functions, the base station system handles radio functions through base station controllers and base transceiver stations, and the operation and support system allows network operators to monitor and control the system.
Global system for mobile communication gsmDAVID RAUDALES
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) standard. It discusses the history and evolution of cellular networks leading to GSM. Key aspects of GSM covered include its development from 1982 to 1995, the GSM network elements such as the switching system, base station system, and operation and support system. The switching system manages subscriber services and includes elements like the home location register, mobile switching center, and visitor location register. The base station system handles radio functions and consists of base station controllers and base transceiver stations.
The document summarizes the architecture of the GSM network. It is divided into four main parts: the Mobile Station, the Base Station Subsystem, the Network and Switching Subsystem, and the Operation and Support Subsystem. The Mobile Station consists of the SIM card and mobile equipment. The Base Station Subsystem provides the interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem and manages radio resources. The Network and Switching Subsystem manages communications and includes databases for subscriber information. The Operation and Support Subsystem controls and monitors the entire GSM system.
This document provides an overview of Vodafone's organizational history and Mumbai network. Vodafone is the largest mobile network operator in the world, operating in 25 countries with over 300 million customers globally. The Mumbai network is one of Vodafone's widest networks in India, divided into 5 zones covering Lower Parel, Santa Cruz, Borivali, Thane, and Vashi. It utilizes Ericsson hardware and has over 2,300 cell sites and 5,900 cells to serve 28 million subscribers in the region.
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It discusses key aspects of GSM including its history, standards, architecture, entities, interfaces, addresses and identifiers. The main points are:
- GSM is a cellular network standard used by mobile phones that aims to support international roaming, good call quality, and low terminal/service costs.
- The GSM architecture consists of mobile stations, a base station subsystem, a network switching subsystem, an operations support subsystem, and data infrastructure.
- Key entities include the mobile station, base transceiver station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register.
- GSM
This document summarizes Muzammil Khan's summer training report at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) submitted for his Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses his acknowledgments, an introduction to BSNL including its role in Indian telecommunications, and an overview of the basic functioning of telecom networks including call setup, electronic exchanges, carrier rooms, main distribution frames, and power plants. The report also provides brief introductions to topics like leased lines, intranets, corporate networks, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and GSM that Muzammil learned about during his training at BSNL.
The document summarizes an industrial visit to BSNL in Shillong. It provides details about the various sections visited including the power plant room, battery room, IP TAX room, networking room, OCB TAX room, and main distribution frame room. It describes the key components and functions of each section. The document concludes that the visit provided valuable practical exposure to the students about the working of a telephone exchange and various BSNL technologies like GSM, GPRS, WiMAX, and optical fiber transmission. It helped enhance the students' understanding beyond classroom teaching. Recommendations provided focus on improving telecom connectivity and services in India's North Eastern Region.
The document summarizes the key infrastructure and services provided by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's largest public sector telecommunication company. BSNL owns India's largest optical fiber cable network and digital microwave network. It provides various telecom services including fixed line, broadband, mobile, internet across India. The core infrastructure includes optical fiber cables, digital wavelength division multiplexing network, switching modules, communication modules, administrative modules, batteries, UPS systems, diesel generators, and main distribution frames. BSNL's telecom services portfolio covers voice, mobile, broadband, internet, IPTV, FTTH, 3G and emerging technologies.
The document provides an overview of BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited), the largest telecommunications company in India. It discusses the structure of telephone exchanges, including main components like the MDF (Main Distribution Frame) and switching room. It also covers different types of faults, protective devices, digital switching systems like OCB, and mobile technologies like GSM. Procedures for handling subscriber complaints are outlined.
The document provides an overview and acknowledgement of the author's 28-day training with Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). It introduces some key concepts in telecommunications including basic communication systems, cellular networks, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, and optical fiber. The author thanks BSNL for providing the opportunity and their trainer for support during the training period.
CEPT began developing the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network in 1982 with the objectives of pan-European roaming and compatibility with ISDN. The first commercial GSM system was implemented in Germany in 1992. GSM consists of mobile stations, base station subsystems, a network and switching subsystem, and an operation subsystem. It uses TDMA to allow multiple users to access the same radio frequency channel simultaneously. GSM has undergone 35 revisions to accommodate unexpected rapid growth in cellular services.
This document provides a table of contents for chapters in a book or document on telecommunications networks. It includes chapters on BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited), basic telecom networks, leased lines, intranets, corporate networks, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, GSM, and optical fiber transmission. The table of contents lists topics like call setup, electronic exchanges, carrier rooms, main distribution frames, power plants, managed leased line networks, intranet applications, and features of corporate networks. It also includes figures and tables related to the topics.
The document describes the architecture of a GSM network. It is divided into three main subsystems: the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) which handles call connectivity and mobility management; the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) which handles radio communication; and the Network Management Subsystem (NMS) which handles operations and maintenance. The key components of the NSS are the Home Location Register (HLR), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Visitor Location Register (VLR), and Authentication Center (AUC). The BSS contains the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The NMS contains components like the Operation and Support System.
The document provides an overview of BSNL's summer training program. It discusses the company profile, telephone exchanges, main distribution frames, types of faults and protective devices. It also describes the OCB digital switching system, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network architecture, different types of media used, and the procedure for handling subscriber complaints. The key components of a telephone exchange discussed are the switch room, operations room, input/output processor room, power plant room, and battery room.
GSM is an open digital cellular technology that uses TDMA and operates at frequencies between 850-1900MHz. It has four main components - the network switching subsystem (NSS), base station subsystem (BSS), mobile station (MS), and operation support subsystem (OSS). The NSS handles call and mobility management through the mobile switching center (MSC). The BSS handles traffic and signaling between the mobile phone and NSS through the base transceiver station (BTS) which is controlled by the base station controller (BSC). User information is stored in the home location register (HLR) and visitor location register (VLR).
This document is a seminar report on GSM architecture submitted by a student, G. Koteswararao, to partially fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It includes an abstract, introduction, and sections on the history of GSM technology, GSM system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, network and switching subsystems, and operating subsystems. It also discusses mobility management, traffic and control channels, cell selection, authentication, and call control in GSM networks.
Implementation Of Bss And Nss In Mobile CommunicationRajan Kumar
The document discusses the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) in mobile communications. The BSS connects the mobile station to the NSS and consists of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The NSS includes the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), and Visitor Location Register (VLR). Together, the BSS and NSS provide critical functions such as mobility management, call control, and short message services that enable mobile communication.
1) 3G networks combine developments in cellular networks, fixed-line networks, and the internet to provide flexible access to any service regardless of location.
2) First generation networks provided analog voice calls with low quality and security. Second generation networks like GSM introduced digital cellular and allowed data services.
3) A GSM network includes mobile stations, a base station subsystem with base transceiver stations and base station controllers, a network switching subsystem with mobile switching centers, home and visitor location registers, and connections to public switched telephone networks.
The document describes the architecture of GSM networks. It discusses the key components including the mobile station, base station subsystem (BSS), and network subsystem (NSS). The mobile station consists of mobile equipment and a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. The BSS comprises base transceiver stations and a base station controller. The NSS combines switches like the mobile switching center with databases like the home location register and visitor location register that track subscriber locations and identities.
This document provides an overview of broadband and wireless communication technologies. It begins with definitions of broadband and a brief history of the development of the Internet. It then discusses GSM technology including its definition, history, and architecture. It also covers antenna types including omni-directional and directional antennas. The document aims to introduce concepts related to broadband networks and wireless communications.
This document provides a summary of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecommunications company. It discusses that BSNL is the world's seventh largest telecom company and its responsibilities include improving existing telecom services, expanding rural services, and building customer confidence. It offers various telecom services across India such as wireless, mobile, internet, broadband, and voice over IP. The document also provides an overview of BSNL's telecommunication network including telephone exchanges, main distribution frames, and switch rooms.
BSNL provides cellular mobile services using GSM technology. It divides the service area into geographical areas served by radio cells. Each cell contains a base station that transmits and receives calls using radio channels. BSNL's network consists of the base station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register and visitor location register which work together to route calls and track the location of mobile users. The network allows for seamless handover of calls as users move between different cells.
The meeting discussed plans for an upcoming film project. They decided the target audience would be 15-35 year olds. Potential filming locations included a house, gym, and classroom. Props such as a basketball, briefcase, and stationary were considered. All group members reported being up to date on assigned tasks and upcoming work was reviewed.
The document outlines an economics lesson plan for an elementary gifted classroom where students hold a bake sale. It involves students surveying favorite cookies, holding a bake-off, selling cookies, and donating profits to charity. It also lists additional economics education resources for K-2 and 3-5 grade levels including videos, books, and classroom simulations.
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It discusses key aspects of GSM including its history, standards, architecture, entities, interfaces, addresses and identifiers. The main points are:
- GSM is a cellular network standard used by mobile phones that aims to support international roaming, good call quality, and low terminal/service costs.
- The GSM architecture consists of mobile stations, a base station subsystem, a network switching subsystem, an operations support subsystem, and data infrastructure.
- Key entities include the mobile station, base transceiver station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register.
- GSM
This document summarizes Muzammil Khan's summer training report at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) submitted for his Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses his acknowledgments, an introduction to BSNL including its role in Indian telecommunications, and an overview of the basic functioning of telecom networks including call setup, electronic exchanges, carrier rooms, main distribution frames, and power plants. The report also provides brief introductions to topics like leased lines, intranets, corporate networks, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and GSM that Muzammil learned about during his training at BSNL.
The document summarizes an industrial visit to BSNL in Shillong. It provides details about the various sections visited including the power plant room, battery room, IP TAX room, networking room, OCB TAX room, and main distribution frame room. It describes the key components and functions of each section. The document concludes that the visit provided valuable practical exposure to the students about the working of a telephone exchange and various BSNL technologies like GSM, GPRS, WiMAX, and optical fiber transmission. It helped enhance the students' understanding beyond classroom teaching. Recommendations provided focus on improving telecom connectivity and services in India's North Eastern Region.
The document summarizes the key infrastructure and services provided by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's largest public sector telecommunication company. BSNL owns India's largest optical fiber cable network and digital microwave network. It provides various telecom services including fixed line, broadband, mobile, internet across India. The core infrastructure includes optical fiber cables, digital wavelength division multiplexing network, switching modules, communication modules, administrative modules, batteries, UPS systems, diesel generators, and main distribution frames. BSNL's telecom services portfolio covers voice, mobile, broadband, internet, IPTV, FTTH, 3G and emerging technologies.
The document provides an overview of BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited), the largest telecommunications company in India. It discusses the structure of telephone exchanges, including main components like the MDF (Main Distribution Frame) and switching room. It also covers different types of faults, protective devices, digital switching systems like OCB, and mobile technologies like GSM. Procedures for handling subscriber complaints are outlined.
The document provides an overview and acknowledgement of the author's 28-day training with Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). It introduces some key concepts in telecommunications including basic communication systems, cellular networks, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, and optical fiber. The author thanks BSNL for providing the opportunity and their trainer for support during the training period.
CEPT began developing the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network in 1982 with the objectives of pan-European roaming and compatibility with ISDN. The first commercial GSM system was implemented in Germany in 1992. GSM consists of mobile stations, base station subsystems, a network and switching subsystem, and an operation subsystem. It uses TDMA to allow multiple users to access the same radio frequency channel simultaneously. GSM has undergone 35 revisions to accommodate unexpected rapid growth in cellular services.
This document provides a table of contents for chapters in a book or document on telecommunications networks. It includes chapters on BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited), basic telecom networks, leased lines, intranets, corporate networks, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, GSM, and optical fiber transmission. The table of contents lists topics like call setup, electronic exchanges, carrier rooms, main distribution frames, power plants, managed leased line networks, intranet applications, and features of corporate networks. It also includes figures and tables related to the topics.
The document describes the architecture of a GSM network. It is divided into three main subsystems: the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) which handles call connectivity and mobility management; the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) which handles radio communication; and the Network Management Subsystem (NMS) which handles operations and maintenance. The key components of the NSS are the Home Location Register (HLR), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Visitor Location Register (VLR), and Authentication Center (AUC). The BSS contains the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The NMS contains components like the Operation and Support System.
The document provides an overview of BSNL's summer training program. It discusses the company profile, telephone exchanges, main distribution frames, types of faults and protective devices. It also describes the OCB digital switching system, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network architecture, different types of media used, and the procedure for handling subscriber complaints. The key components of a telephone exchange discussed are the switch room, operations room, input/output processor room, power plant room, and battery room.
GSM is an open digital cellular technology that uses TDMA and operates at frequencies between 850-1900MHz. It has four main components - the network switching subsystem (NSS), base station subsystem (BSS), mobile station (MS), and operation support subsystem (OSS). The NSS handles call and mobility management through the mobile switching center (MSC). The BSS handles traffic and signaling between the mobile phone and NSS through the base transceiver station (BTS) which is controlled by the base station controller (BSC). User information is stored in the home location register (HLR) and visitor location register (VLR).
This document is a seminar report on GSM architecture submitted by a student, G. Koteswararao, to partially fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It includes an abstract, introduction, and sections on the history of GSM technology, GSM system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, network and switching subsystems, and operating subsystems. It also discusses mobility management, traffic and control channels, cell selection, authentication, and call control in GSM networks.
Implementation Of Bss And Nss In Mobile CommunicationRajan Kumar
The document discusses the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) in mobile communications. The BSS connects the mobile station to the NSS and consists of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The NSS includes the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), and Visitor Location Register (VLR). Together, the BSS and NSS provide critical functions such as mobility management, call control, and short message services that enable mobile communication.
1) 3G networks combine developments in cellular networks, fixed-line networks, and the internet to provide flexible access to any service regardless of location.
2) First generation networks provided analog voice calls with low quality and security. Second generation networks like GSM introduced digital cellular and allowed data services.
3) A GSM network includes mobile stations, a base station subsystem with base transceiver stations and base station controllers, a network switching subsystem with mobile switching centers, home and visitor location registers, and connections to public switched telephone networks.
The document describes the architecture of GSM networks. It discusses the key components including the mobile station, base station subsystem (BSS), and network subsystem (NSS). The mobile station consists of mobile equipment and a subscriber identity module (SIM) card. The BSS comprises base transceiver stations and a base station controller. The NSS combines switches like the mobile switching center with databases like the home location register and visitor location register that track subscriber locations and identities.
This document provides an overview of broadband and wireless communication technologies. It begins with definitions of broadband and a brief history of the development of the Internet. It then discusses GSM technology including its definition, history, and architecture. It also covers antenna types including omni-directional and directional antennas. The document aims to introduce concepts related to broadband networks and wireless communications.
This document provides a summary of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecommunications company. It discusses that BSNL is the world's seventh largest telecom company and its responsibilities include improving existing telecom services, expanding rural services, and building customer confidence. It offers various telecom services across India such as wireless, mobile, internet, broadband, and voice over IP. The document also provides an overview of BSNL's telecommunication network including telephone exchanges, main distribution frames, and switch rooms.
BSNL provides cellular mobile services using GSM technology. It divides the service area into geographical areas served by radio cells. Each cell contains a base station that transmits and receives calls using radio channels. BSNL's network consists of the base station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register and visitor location register which work together to route calls and track the location of mobile users. The network allows for seamless handover of calls as users move between different cells.
The meeting discussed plans for an upcoming film project. They decided the target audience would be 15-35 year olds. Potential filming locations included a house, gym, and classroom. Props such as a basketball, briefcase, and stationary were considered. All group members reported being up to date on assigned tasks and upcoming work was reviewed.
The document outlines an economics lesson plan for an elementary gifted classroom where students hold a bake sale. It involves students surveying favorite cookies, holding a bake-off, selling cookies, and donating profits to charity. It also lists additional economics education resources for K-2 and 3-5 grade levels including videos, books, and classroom simulations.
The document contains contact information for Scot Moncur including an email address and phone number repeated in various locations. The document also lists Scot Moncur's name and contact information associated with different events, organizations, and topics. It concludes by providing Scot Moncur's name and contact information again alongside a message about letting his past benefit your future.
The document is a vocabulary list for a medieval unit with definitions for common terms from that time period. It includes words like armor, bow, castle, knight, lance, shield, and sword. Students are to match each term with its definition from the word bank. The list provides background knowledge on key people, places, and objects from the Middle Ages to help understand stories like King Arthur.
This document discusses how a variety of social, political, and economic factors influence individuals' mobility and access to space. It examines how mobility is shaped by one's health, gender, class, race, citizenship status, and access to economic resources. Infrastructure, transportation systems, and the built environment also play a role in dictating how people can move through and access both urban and rural areas. The document explores how information technologies can promote or inhibit mobility and how cultural practices influence individuals' sense of belonging and comfort in different spaces.
The document describes a round of a game with 4 slides and questions worth a total of 10 points. The first slide describes a very thick man, the second a guy using a gadget in his spacecraft, the third a jerk who obeys, and the fourth guys known for another guy's famous work. Players must determine the theme connecting all four slides for additional points.
The document discusses Singapore's National Business Continuity Management (BCM) program. It outlines the importance of BCM for ensuring organizational resilience, describes Singapore's role as a global hub with associated business risks, provides an overview of the national BCM program and standards, and discusses supports available for enterprises to implement BCM. Key goals are to enhance Singapore's reputation as a trusted and reliable hub and boost the nation's overall resilience through corporate preparedness.
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network. It discusses:
1. The key features of GSM that have led to its popularity, including international roaming, low-cost devices, high quality speech, and support for new services.
2. The different areas that make up a GSM network, including cells, location areas, MSC/VLR service areas, and public land mobile networks (PLMNs).
3. The main components of the GSM network architecture, which are the mobile station, base station subsystem (BSS), network and switching subsystem (NSS), and operation and support subsystem (OSS). The BSS handles communication with
The mobile station consists of the mobile equipment and subscriber identity module (SIM) card, the base station system provides radio connectivity between mobile stations and switching equipment and includes base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the core network components include the mobile switching center for call routing, home location register for subscriber data, visitor location register for temporary subscriber data, and equipment identity register for validating mobile equipment.
presentation on gsm architecture and fixed assignmentFabiha Ain
The document provides an overview of GSM architecture and fixed assignment schemes. It discusses the key elements of GSM architecture including the network switching subsystem, base station subsystem, mobile station, and operations and support system. It then covers three fixed assignment schemes - frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and code division multiple access (CDMA) - and describes how channel access is allocated based on frequency, time, or code under each scheme.
The GSM network architecture consists of four major elements: the mobile station, the base station subsystem, the network switching subsystem, and network coverage. The base station subsystem includes base transceiver stations that communicate directly with mobile stations and base station controllers that manage radio resources. The network switching subsystem contains elements like the mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and authentication center that provide core network functionality and control. Together these elements allow mobile users to connect to the network and have their calls routed and managed across the coverage area.
GSM is a digital cellular network standard that allows users to roam internationally. It has a modular architecture consisting of mobile stations, base station subsystems, and network switching subsystems. The mobile station includes a mobile equipment and SIM card. The base station subsystem comprises base transceiver stations and base station controllers. The network switching subsystem contains mobile switching centers, home and visitor location registers, and authentication centers that manage subscriber data and authentication. GSM uses cellular networks of hexagonal cells connected to base station controllers and switching centers to provide coverage over wide geographic areas.
This document contains questions and answers related to mobile computing and wireless communication standards and technologies. It covers topics such as characteristics of communication devices, cellular systems, GSM, Bluetooth, wireless LAN standards, and more. There are a total of 31 questions provided along with their answers in point form.
The document provides an overview of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technologies and architecture. It discusses the objectives of explaining the GSM architecture and its subsystems. The key components of GSM architecture include the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the networking switching subsystem containing elements like the home location register, visitor location register, and authentication center. The document also outlines the history and evolution of GSM standards, advantages like worldwide connectivity and mobility, and applications including mobile telephony and automatic meter reading.
Problems on understanding old radiomobile technologies? Do you need something fast and useful for refreshing your knowledgs? Have a look on this document! Very easy and customized for everybody...from beginners to advanced engineers!
This document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It discusses how GSM uses a combination of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to maximize channel usage. It also describes the key components of GSM including the mobile station, base station subsystem, network switching subsystem, and operation and support subsystem. Additionally, it covers functions like frequency reuse, handovers, short message service, speech coding, and call routing in GSM networks.
Global system for mobile communication(GSM)Jay Nagar
~Introduction
~GSM Architecture
~GSM Entities
~SMS Service In GSM
~Call Routing In GSM
~PLMN Interfaces
~GSM Addresses and Identifiers
~Network aspects in GSM
~Handover
~Mobility Management
~GSM Frequency Allocation
~Authentication and Security In GSM
The document summarizes the key elements of the GSM network architecture, including the mobile station (MS), base station subsystem (BSS), network and switching subsystem (NSS), and operation and support subsystem (OSS). The BSS handles communication with mobile devices and includes base transceiver stations (BTS) and base station controllers (BSC). The NSS provides core network functions and includes mobile switching centers (MSC), home location registers (HLR), visitor location registers (VLR), and other elements. The OSS monitors and controls the overall network.
Mobile computing basics include cells which are geographic units for cellular systems represented as hexagons, with base stations at the center. Cell clusters group cells where frequencies are not reused. Spectrum is limited, so frequencies must be reused across cells to increase capacity while avoiding interference. Noise sources include thermal, intermodulation, crosstalk, and impulse noise. GSM and CDMA are cellular standards, with GSM using SIM cards for storage and CDMA using internal memory.
Gsm technology. final seminar reportdocxchandan verma
This document is a student project submission on GSM technology. It provides an overview of GSM system architecture including mobile stations, base station subsystems, and network switching subsystems. It also describes radio link aspects, multiple access techniques, traffic channels, mobility management functions, and services provided by GSM networks. The project was submitted by Gourav Kaushal to Bahra University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in electronics and communication engineering.
The GSM system architecture is divided into three major systems: the Switching System (SS), the Base Station System (BSS), and the Operation and Support System (OSS). The SS handles call processing and subscriber functions and includes the MSC, HLR, VLR, and other registers. The BSS handles radio functions and includes the BSC and BTS. The OSS manages errors, configuration, faults, and performance across the network. Key interfaces include the A interface between MSC and BSS, the B interface between MSC and VLR, and the Um interface between MS and BTS.
1) GSM is a cellular network standard developed in 1991 that is widely used in Europe and Asia. It uses FDMA to separate frequencies and TDMA to divide each frequency into time slots to allow multiple calls over the same frequency.
2) The GSM architecture consists of mobile stations, a base station subsystem to connect to mobile devices, and a network subsystem to switch calls. Each component has several elements like the BTS, BSC, MSC, HLR, and VLR.
3) Frequency reuse allows a limited number of frequencies to service many users by dividing a region into cells and assigning each a unique set of frequencies to avoid interference between cells.
GSM(Global system for mobile communication ) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.
This document provides an overview of module 2 which focuses on GSM mobile services and cellular architecture. It discusses the basic concepts and principles of computing and cellular infrastructure including system architecture, radio interface, protocols, localization, calling, handover and security. It provides details on the GSM system infrastructure, components, protocols and interfaces. It also discusses GPRS system and protocol architecture, UTRAN, UMTS core network and improvements to the core network.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
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Mobile and information society
1. BIL 604 Management Information Technologies
Ilyas Hussein
Information Society and Mobile Communication
Depertment of Computer Enigneering
Anadolu University
Eskisehir-Turkey
Ekim, 2014
2. ABSTRACT
BIL 604 Management Information Technologies
Information Society and Mobile Communication
Ilyas Hussein
Anadolu University
Graduate School of Sciences
Dept. Computer Engineering
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Yasar HOSCAN
2014, 15 pages
In this study, the issue of Information Society and Mobile Communication is explained in detail.
With the start of Information Society and how Mobile Communication are used and whats the
fundamentals of communication and how it work.
Keywords: Information Society and Mobile Communication and its Fundamentals .
3. Contents
Abstract................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 2
CONTENTS.........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF FIGURES........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.DEFINITION
1.2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SOCIETY ....................................
1.3. CHARACTERISTIC OF INFORMATION SOCIETY ........................................
2. MOBILE COMMUNICATION
2.1. DEFINITION.........................................................................................................
2.2. GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION(GSM) ......................
2.3. THE SWITCHING SYSTEM ...............................................................................
2.4. THE BASE STATION SYSTEM(BSS)................................................................
2.5. THE OPERATION AND SUPPORT SYSTEM ...................................................
2.6. GSM NETWORK AREAS ...................................................................................
3.1 SPECIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR GSM...........................................................
3.2 GSM SUBSCRIBER SERVICES.............................................................................................
4. RESULT
RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................
INDEX OF FIGURES
Fig 2.1 GSM Network Elements
Fig 2.2 Network Areas
Fig 2.3 Location Areas
Fig 3.1 MSC /VLR Service Areas
Fig 3.2 PLMN Network Areas
4. What is Information Society ?
1.1.Definition
An “Information Society” is a society where the creation, distribution, use, integration &
manipulation of information is a significant economic, political & cultural activity.
1.2. The development of the information society
This concept originally born in Japan in 1960’s & then spread around the world.
Japanese economist Fritz Machlup was one of the first few people who developed this concept.
The aim of the “Information Society” is to gain competitive advantage internationally, through
using Information Technology in a creative & productive way.
Some people called this as “Post-Industrial Society ”, because Industrial Society also affected the
growth of the Information Society.
5. 1.3. Characteristics of information society
I. Information Empowerment
II. Information Consciousness
III. Use of information as economic resource
IV. Development of an Information sector & emergence of Information Industry.
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
2.1.DEFINITION
Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital
cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to reate
a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-
European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz.
2.2 THE GSM NETWORK
GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions
and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The reason for this is to
limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy
equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the
switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system
(OSS). The basic GSM network elements are shown in figure 4.1
6. Fig 4.1 GSM Network Elements
2.3. The Switching System
The switching system (SS) is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber-related
functions. The switching system includes the following functional units.
home location register (HLR)—The HLR is a database used for storage and management of
subscriptions. The HLR is considered the most important database, as it stores permanent data
about subscribers, including a subscriber's service profile, location information, and activity
status. When an individual buys a subscription from one of the PCS operators, he or she is
registered in the HLR of that operator.
mobile services switching center (MSC)—The MSC performs the telephony switching functions
of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. It also performs
such functions as toll ticketing, network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others.
visitor location register (VLR)—The VLR is a database that contains temporary information
about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is
7. always integrated with the MSC. When a mobile station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR
connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later, if the
mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed for call setup without
having to interrogate the HLR each time.
authentication center (AUC)—A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption
parameters that verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC
protects network operators from different types of fraud found in today's cellular world.
equipment identity register (EIR)—The EIR is a database that contains information about the
identity of mobile equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile
stations. The AUC and EIR are implemented as stand-alone nodes or as a combined AUC/EIR
node.
2.4. The Base Station System (BSS)
All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which consists of base station controllers
(BSCs) and the base transceiver stations (BTSs).
BSC—The BSC provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS.
It is a high-capacity switch that provides functions such as handover, cell configuration data, and
control of radio frequency (RF) power levels in base transceiver stations. A number of BSCs are
served by an MSC.
BTS—The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio
equipment (transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of
BTSs are controlled by a BSC.
2.5. The Operation and Support System
The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching
system and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system
(OSS). The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls
the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized,
regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network.
An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance
activities of different operation and maintenance organizations.
2.6. GSM NETWORK AREAS
The GSM network is made up of geographic areas. As shown in 4.2, these areas include cells,
location areas (LAs), MSC/VLR service areas, and public land mobile network (PLMN) areas.
8. Fig 4.2 Network Areas
The cell is the area given radio coverage by one base transceiver station. The GSM network
identifies each cell via the cell global identity (CGI) number assigned to each cell. The location
area is a group of cells. It is the area in which the subscriber is paged. Each LA is served by one
or more base station controllers, yet only by a single MSC (fig 4.3). Each LA is assigned a
location area identity (LAI) number.
Fig 4.3 Location Areas
An MSC/VLR service area represents the part of the GSM network that is covered by one MSC
and which is reachable, as it is registered in the VLR of the MSC (fig 4.4).
9. Fig 4.4 MSC /VLR Service Areas
The PLMN service area is an area served by one network operator(fig 4.5).
Fig 4.5 PLMN Network Areas
3.1 SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR GSM
The specifications and characteristics for GSM
frequency band—The frequency range specified for GSM is 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (mobile station
to base station).
duplex distance—The duplex distance is 80 MHz. Duplex distance is the distance between the
uplink and downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHz apart.
channel separation—The separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200
kHz.
modulation—Modulation is the process of sending a signal by changing the characteristics of a
carrier frequency. This is done in GSM via Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK).
transmission rate—GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps.
access method—GSM utilizes the time division multiple access (TDMA) concept. TDMA is a
technique in which several different calls may share the same carrier. Each call is assigned a
particular time slot.
10. speech coder—GSM uses linear predictive coding (LPC). The purpose of LPC is to reduce the
bit rate. The LPC provides parameters for a filter that mimics the vocal tract. The signal passes
through this filter, leaving behind a residual signal. Speech is encoded at 13 kbps.
3.2. GSM SUBSCRIBER SERVICES
There are two basic types of services offered through GSM: telephony (also referred to as
teleservices) and data (also referred to as bearer services). Telephony services are mainly voice
services that provide subscribers with the complete capability (including necessary terminal
equipment) to communicate with other subscribers. Data services provide the capacity necessary
to transmit appropriate data signals between two access points creating an interface to the
network. In addition to normal telephony and emergency calling, the following subscriber
services are supported by GSM:
dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF)—DTMF is a tone signaling scheme often used for various
control purposes via the telephone network, such as remote control of an answering machine.
GSM supports full-originating DTMF.
facsimile group III—GSM supports CCITT Group 3 facsimile. As standard fax machines are
designed to be connected to a telephone using analog signals, a special fax converter connected
to the exchange is used in the GSM system. This enables a GSM–connected fax to communicate
with any analog fax in the network.
short message services—A convenient facility of the GSM network is the short message service.
A message consisting of a maximum of 160 alphanumeric characters can be sent to or from a
mobile station. This service can be viewed as an advanced form of alphanumeric paging with a
number of advantages. If the subscriber's mobile unit is powered off or has left the coverage area,
the message is stored and offered back to the subscriber when the mobile is powered on or has
reentered the coverage area of the network. This function ensures that the message will be
received.
cell broadcast—A variation of the short message service is the cell broadcast facility. A message
of a maximum of 93 characters can be broadcast to all mobile subscribers in a certain geographic
area. Typical applications include traffic congestion warnings and reports on accidents.
voice mail—This service is actually an answering machine within the network, which is
controlled by the subscriber. Calls can be forwarded to the subscriber's voice-mail box and the
subscriber checks for messages via a personal security code.
fax mail—With this service, the subscriber can receive fax messages at any fax machine. The
messages are stored in a service center from which they can be retrieved by the subscriber via a
personal security code to the desired fax number.