Global System For Mobile Communication
By: Ummer Rashid Dar & Maroof Bashir Bhat
M.tech (ECE) ,1st year .
Pounduchery University.
Dept.of Electronics Engineering .
605014
GSM(Global system for mobile communication ) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.
Global system for mobile communication(GSM)Jay Nagar
~Introduction
~GSM Architecture
~GSM Entities
~SMS Service In GSM
~Call Routing In GSM
~PLMN Interfaces
~GSM Addresses and Identifiers
~Network aspects in GSM
~Handover
~Mobility Management
~GSM Frequency Allocation
~Authentication and Security In GSM
What is GSM?
The Global System for Mobile communications is a digital cellular communications system. It was developed in order to create a common European mobile telephone standard but it has been rapidly accepted worldwide.
Formerly it was “Groupe Spéciale Mobile” (founded in 1982)
now: Global System for Mobile Communication.
Services:
Tele-services
Bearer or Data Services
Supplementary services
Applications:
Mobile telephony
GSM-R
Telemetry System
- Fleet management
- Automatic meter reading
- Toll Collection
- Remote control and fault reporting of DG sets
Value Added Services
Advantages:
Better Quality of speech
Data transmission is supported
New services offered due to ISDN compatibility
International Roaming possible
Large market
Crisper, cleaner quieter calls
disadvantages:
Dropped and missed calls
Less Efficiency
Security Issues
conclusion
The mobile telephony industry rapidly growing and that has become backbone for business success and efficiency and a part of modern lifestyles all over the world.
In this session I have tried to give and over view of the GSM system. I hope that I gave the general flavor of GSM and the philosophy behind its design.
The GSM is standard that insures interoperability without stifling competition and innovation among the suppliers to the benefit of the public both in terms of cost and service quality.
GSM(Global system for mobile communication ) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.
Global system for mobile communication(GSM)Jay Nagar
~Introduction
~GSM Architecture
~GSM Entities
~SMS Service In GSM
~Call Routing In GSM
~PLMN Interfaces
~GSM Addresses and Identifiers
~Network aspects in GSM
~Handover
~Mobility Management
~GSM Frequency Allocation
~Authentication and Security In GSM
What is GSM?
The Global System for Mobile communications is a digital cellular communications system. It was developed in order to create a common European mobile telephone standard but it has been rapidly accepted worldwide.
Formerly it was “Groupe Spéciale Mobile” (founded in 1982)
now: Global System for Mobile Communication.
Services:
Tele-services
Bearer or Data Services
Supplementary services
Applications:
Mobile telephony
GSM-R
Telemetry System
- Fleet management
- Automatic meter reading
- Toll Collection
- Remote control and fault reporting of DG sets
Value Added Services
Advantages:
Better Quality of speech
Data transmission is supported
New services offered due to ISDN compatibility
International Roaming possible
Large market
Crisper, cleaner quieter calls
disadvantages:
Dropped and missed calls
Less Efficiency
Security Issues
conclusion
The mobile telephony industry rapidly growing and that has become backbone for business success and efficiency and a part of modern lifestyles all over the world.
In this session I have tried to give and over view of the GSM system. I hope that I gave the general flavor of GSM and the philosophy behind its design.
The GSM is standard that insures interoperability without stifling competition and innovation among the suppliers to the benefit of the public both in terms of cost and service quality.
This presentation is all about GSM (Global System for mobile Communication). All components, entities ,architecture ,advantages of GSM, future of GSM was the main focus.
Call routing for incoming and outgoing call is also included in the presentation.
Introduction to GSM - an Overview of Global System for Mobile Communicationiptvmagazine
This slideshow explains the basic components, technologies used, and operation of Global System for Mobile Communication - GSM - systems. You will discover the evolution of GSM; 1st generation analog systems, 2nd generation GSM systems (digital voice), 3rd generation multimedia, and 4th generation wideband ultra broadband systems.
You will learn the key system components and basic services that GSM systems can provide. Discover the types of GSM devices which include mobile telephones, wireless PCMCIA cards, embedded radio modules, and external radio modems. The different types of services are described including voice services, data services, and messaging services.
Learn about the physical and logical radio channel structures of the GSM system along with the basic frame and slot structures. The operation of the GSM radio channels are explained including channel coding, modulation types, speech coding, RF power control, and mobile assisted handover. GSM radio channel have 8 time slots per frame and that some of these are used for signaling (control channels) and others are used for user traffic (voice and data).
This presentation is all about GSM (Global System for mobile Communication). All components, entities ,architecture ,advantages of GSM, future of GSM was the main focus.
Call routing for incoming and outgoing call is also included in the presentation.
Introduction to GSM - an Overview of Global System for Mobile Communicationiptvmagazine
This slideshow explains the basic components, technologies used, and operation of Global System for Mobile Communication - GSM - systems. You will discover the evolution of GSM; 1st generation analog systems, 2nd generation GSM systems (digital voice), 3rd generation multimedia, and 4th generation wideband ultra broadband systems.
You will learn the key system components and basic services that GSM systems can provide. Discover the types of GSM devices which include mobile telephones, wireless PCMCIA cards, embedded radio modules, and external radio modems. The different types of services are described including voice services, data services, and messaging services.
Learn about the physical and logical radio channel structures of the GSM system along with the basic frame and slot structures. The operation of the GSM radio channels are explained including channel coding, modulation types, speech coding, RF power control, and mobile assisted handover. GSM radio channel have 8 time slots per frame and that some of these are used for signaling (control channels) and others are used for user traffic (voice and data).
UNIT III
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover-Security-GSM SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and service data mgt –-Mobile Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks –GPRS –Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing
• There are many types of cellular services; before delving into details, focus on basics (helps navigate the “acronym soup”)
• Cellular network/telephony is a radio-based technology; radio waves are electromagnetic waves that antennas propagate
• Most signals are in the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Global System For Mobile Communication by Ummer &Maroof
1. GSM – GLOBAL SYSTEM
FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
By Maroof Bashir Bhat
(Reg.no.19304011) &
Ummer Rashid Dar
(Reg.no.19304025)
M.Tech 1st year (ECE)
Department of electronics engineering
Pondicherry university
Pudducherry,605014
2. DISCUSSION TOPICS
• History
• Building Blocks
• System Architecture
• Features (Basic and Advanced)
• Advantages of GSM
• Future – what’s next
3. HISTORY
• Early 80’s Europe was experiencing rapid growth
in the analog cellular telephone systems
• 1982 Conference of European Posts and
Telegraphs (CEPT) GSM (Groupe Special Mobile)
group was formed to study and develop a pan-
European public land mobile system
• GSM mandate was to develop a standard to be
common for the countries that created it – provide
service to the entire European continent
4. HISTORY
contd.
• GSM criteria –
– Good subjective speech quality
– Low terminal and service cost
– Support for international roaming – one system for all of Europe
– Ability to support handheld terminals
– Support for range of new services and facilities
– Enhanced Features
– ISDN compatibility
– Enhance privacy
– Security against fraud
5. HISTORY
contd.
• Late 1980’s GSM work was transferred to the
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
(ETSI) and SGM (Special Mobile Group) was
created
• Document the functionality and interaction of every
aspect of the GSM network
• 1987 ETSI oversees the creation of GSM MoU
(Memorandum of Understanding) Association
6. HISTORY
contd.
• Formal objective of the GSM MoU Association is the
promotion and evolution of the GSM systems and GSM
platforms
• Concepts of a published international standard and a
constantly evolving common standard are unique to GSM
• Work groups throughout the world specifically designed to
allow interested parties to meet and work on finding
solutions to systems enhancements that will fit into
existing programs of GSM operators
7. HISTORY
contd.
• Phase I of GSM specifications was published in 1990
• International demand was so great that the system name
was changed from Groupe Special Mobile to Global
Systems for Mobile Communications (still GSM)
• Commercial service started in mid-1991
• 1992 first paying customers were signed up for service
• By 1993 there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries
• Early 1994 there were 1.3 million subscribers worldwide
• By 1996 there were more than 25 million subscribers
worldwide
• By October 1997 it had grown to more than 55 million
subscribers worldwide
8. Building Blocks
• AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone System
• TACS – Total Access Communication System
• NMT – Nordic Mobile Telephone System
9. Building Blocks
contd.
AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone System
• analog technology
• used in North and South America and
approximately 35 other countries
• operates in the 800 MHz band using FDMA
technology
10. Building Blocks
contd.
TACS – Total Access Communication System
• variant of AMPS
• deployed in a number of countries
• primarily in the UK
11. Building Blocks
contd.
NMT – Nordic Mobile Telephone System
• analog technology
• deployed in the Benelux countries and Russia
• operates in the 450 and 900 MHz band
• first technology to offer international roaming – only within
the Nordic countries
12. System Architecture
• Mobile Station (MS)
Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
• Base Station Subsystem (BBS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
• Network Subsystem
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AUC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
13. System Architecture
Mobile Station (MS)
The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:
1. Mobile Equipment (ME)
2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
14. System Architecture
Mobile Station (MS) contd.
Mobile Equipment
• Produced by many different manufacturers
• Must obtain approval from the standardization
body
• Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International
Mobile Equipment Identity)
15. System Architecture
Mobile Station (MS) contd.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
• Smart card containing the International Mobile
Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
• Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other
subscribed services
• Encoded network identification details
• Protected by a password or PIN
• Can be moved from phone to phone – contains key
information to activate the phone
16. System Architecture
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts
that communicate across the standardized Abis
interface allowing operation between components
made by different suppliers
1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
2. Base Station Controller (BSC)
17. System Architecture
Base Station Subsystem (BSS) contd.
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
• Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell
• Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station
• Speech and data transmissions from the MS are
recoded
• Requirements for BTS:
ruggedness
reliability
portability
minimum costs
18. System Architecture
Base Station Subsystem (BSS) contd.
Base Station Controller (BSC)
• Manages Resources for BTS
• Handles call set up
• Location update
• Handover for each MS
19. System Architecture
Network Subsystem
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
• Switch speech and data connections between:
Base Station Controllers
Mobile Switching Centers
GSM-networks
Other external networks
• Heart of the network
• Three main jobs:
1) connects calls from sender to receiver
2) collects details of the calls made and received
3) supervises operation of the rest of the network components
20. System Architecture
Network Subsystem contd.
• Home Location Registers (HLR)
- contains administrative information of each subscriber
- current location of the mobile
• Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
- contains selected administrative information from the HLR
- authenticates the user
- tracks which customers have the phone on and ready to
receive a call
- periodically updates the database on which phones are
turned on and ready to receive calls
21. System Architecture
Network Subsystem contd.
• Authentication Center (AUC)
- mainly used for security
- data storage location and functional part of the network
- Ki is the primary element
• Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
- Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment Identity)
- Made up of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List
and the Gray List
- Optional database
23. Basic Features Provided by GSM
• Call Waiting
- Notification of an incoming call while on the handset
• Call Hold
- Put a caller on hold to take another call
• Call Barring
- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls
• Call Forwarding
- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined by the user
• Multi Party Call Conferencing
- Link multiple calls together
24. Advanced Features Provided by
GSM
• Calling Line ID
- incoming telephone number displayed
• Alternate Line Service
- one for personal calls
- one for business calls
• Closed User Group
- call by dialing last for numbers
• Advice of Charge
- tally of actual costs of phone calls
• Fax & Data
- Virtual Office / Professional Office
• Roaming
- services and features can follow customer from market to market
25. Future -- UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telephone System
• Reasons for innovations
- new service requirements
- availability of new radio bands
• User demands
- seamless Internet-Intranet access
- wide range of available services
- compact, lightweight and affordable terminals
- simple terminal operation
- open, understandable pricing structures for the whole spectrum of
available services
26. Advantages of GSM
• Crisper, cleaner quieter calls
• Security against fraud and eavesdropping
• International roaming capability in over 100 countries
• Improved battery life
• Efficient network design for less expensive system expansion
• Efficient use of spectrum
• Advanced features such as short messaging and caller ID
• A wide variety of handsets and accessories
• High stability mobile fax and data at up to 9600 baud
• Ease of use with over the air activation, and all account information
is held in a smart card which can be moved from handset to
handset