This document discusses IMS architecture and future developments: 1. It provides an overview of the IMS architecture, including network elements like CSCF, HSS, and application servers. 2. It discusses IMS standards and the migration path from Release 4 to Release 5. Future releases will enhance interworking, services, and access types. 3. IMS provides an IP-based control infrastructure for combining voice, video, and real-time multimedia services on a single network.

1. Release 5 architecture and beyond

2. © Siemens 2
Agenda
1. IMS
2. IMS based new services
3. Release 4 migration path to Release 5
4. 3GPP Release 6 and beyond
5. Siemens portfolio

3. © Siemens 3
1. IMS “IP Multimedia Subsystem”:
• Overview of 3GPP IMS
• Network architecture
• Network elements
• TISPAN architecture
• Access independency

4. © Siemens 4
Mobile Service Evolution
Today Tomorrow
SMS, MMS, IM, WAP
Browsing/Download
• Enhanced QoS
• Service enrichment
• Content-based charging
Pure Voice
• Voice quality improvements
• OPEX reduction
ltimedia
IP will dominate all networks and access types
Strong demand for a Multimedia control infrastructure when moving towards
real- time services (e.g. Voice, Video, Conferencing)
Today’s services will be enriched by innovative real-time multimedia services
Voice
Real-time Mu
• Combined Voice / Data Services
• Unlimited Interaction
None
Real time

5. © Siemens 5
IMS History/Roadmap in 3GPP
3GPP Release 2000:
• discussion started in 2000 after the completion of 3GPP R99.
• included the Transport/Control split, MMS, All-IP, etc.
• Release 2000 was split into 3GPP R4 and 3GPP R5.
• the All-IP system (later renamed in IMS) was assigned to R5.
3GPP Release 4:
• no IMS work was performed in this release.
3GPP Release 5:
• the IMS was introduced as part of the 3GPP R5 standard.
• the IMS architecture and key concepts were defined.
• the IMS R5 feature-set was frozen in March 2002.
• several IMS features were left for future releases.
3GPP Release 6:
• an appropriate RAB for audio calls over UMTS-PS Domain.
• external PDF, WLAN access and CS-Domain Interworking are the main topics.
• Enhanced Charging and Lawful interception.
• the IMS R6 feature set was frozen in June 2004. The R6 Stage 3 works are still ongoing but almost closed.
3GPP Release 7:
• the IMS R7 feature set definition is closed (e.g. MRF, Enhanced interworking CS and the IMS, WLAN Enhancements,
Combinational Services phase 2, Voice Call Continuity).

6. © Siemens 6
What is Release 5?
More than IMS
• The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
• TS 22.228, TS 23.002, TS 23.221, TS 23.228, TS 24.228, …
• RFC 3261, RFC 2396, RFC 2486, RFC 2806, RFC 2916, …
• Other Features
• HSDPA
• IP UTRAN
• AMR-WB (7khz codec)
• CAMEL Phase 4
• Iu Flexibility
• End-to-End QoS
• Security Enhancements
• …

7. © Siemens 7
Key IMS Standards at the 3GPP
The 3GPP IMS Standards can be found under ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/:
Architecture: TS23.002 (3GPP Network Architecture)
IMS Session Control: TS23.228 (IMS), TS24.228
(SIP Signaling Flows, informal), TS24.229 (IMS Call Control)
Security Mechanisms: TS33.102 (Security architecture),
TS33.203 (Access Security), TS33.210 (Network Security), TS31.103 (ISIM)
Regulatory issues (Lawful interception): TS33.106/TS33.107/TS33.108
IMS Charging: TS23.815 (Charging/Architecture), TS32.200 (Charging Principles),
TS32.225/TS32.235 (IMS Charging Data)
IMS Interfaces: TS29.328/TS29.329 (Sh-interface),
TS29.228/TS29.229 (Cx-, Dx-interface), TS29.207 (Go-interface)
IMS Services: TS23.141/TS24.141/TS33.141 (Presence), TS22.340/TS24.247 (Messaging),
TS24.147 (Conferencing)
IMS QoS: TS23.107/TS23.207 (QoS Concept/Architecture), TS29.208 (QoS Signaling Flows)
IMS Interworking: TS 29.163 (to CS/PSTN), TS23.234/TS24.234
(to the WLAN), TS29.962 (to SIP Clients in the Internet)

8. © Siemens 8
What is IMS ?
The 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS):
• is a Sub-domain in the 3GPP Mobile Core Network.
• was designed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
to deliver/support/control IP-based multimedia communication services.
• enables and supports the integration of
Real-Time, near-Real-Time and Non-Real-Time Services.
• supports Person-to-Person and Person-to-Machine
communications.
• Basically access independent but details should be solved.
CS-Domain
GMSC
WLAN
Network
PS-Domain
GGSN
PSTN
Internet
IMS of another
Operator
IMSSGSN
MSC
Application Servers e.g:
Presence
IM
CSCF
PoC
HSS
PDGW
Session

9. © Siemens 9
3GPP Core Network:
Overview of functional entities
Core Net
Access
Net
(E)RAN
Multi Media Domain
PS Domain
CS Domain
TDM/ATM
MSC GMSC
Iu-cs
MGW
CS-GW
MSC-Server
VoIP/VoATM
GMSC-Server
Iu-ps
E-SGSN IP E-GGSN IP
MGCF
MRF
Mm
Mm
MGW
HSS
CSCF
AS
UTRAN
PSTN/
ISDN
Multimedia
IP Network
/PDN

10. © Siemens 10
IMS R5 Architecture
3GPP IMS Release 5 standard
Network Entities and Reference Points
CS-Domain
-or-
PSTN
-or-
Legacy
-or-
External
PS-Domain
CSCF
CSCF
MRF-C
Mr
Cx
Sh
Gr
Mm
Mw
Mn
Gc
Mg
Gn
Iu
BGCF
Mi
Mk
Mj
Go
Gm
SLF
Dx
„Mb/Gi-Cloud“
PDF
MRF-P
Mp
ISC
Uu
Operator 2
Si
IMS Terminal
(TE and MT)
UTRAN /
GERAN
Multimedia
IP
Networks
MGCF
MGW
IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS)
Applications
Services
AS
OSA-SCS
IM-SSF
HSS
HLR
Sh
Note: the reference points for Charging,
Core Network Security,
Lawful Interception are not shown
BGCF
GGSN
CAP
SGSN

11. © Siemens 11
IMS Interfaces and Protocols
3GPP IMS Release 5 standard Protocols
• the IMS uses the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP – RFC 3261) for call control.
Note: the reference points for Charging,
Core Network Security,
Lawful Interception are not shown
CS-Domain
-or-
PSTN
-or-
Legacy
-or-
External
PS-Domain
CSCF
CSCF
MRF-C
Mr
Cx
Sh
Gr
Mm
Mw
Mn
Gc
Mg
Gn
Iu
BGCF
Mi
Mk
Mj
Go
Gm
SLF
Dx
„Mb/Gi-Cloud“
PDF
MRF-P
Mp
ISC
Uu
Operator 2
Si
IMS Terminal
(TE and MT)
UTRAN /
GERAN
Multimedia
IP
Networks
MGCF
MGW
IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS)
Applications
Services
AS
OSA-SCS
IM-SSF
HSS
HLR
Sh SIP TCP UDP
HTTP Others
ISUP/
BICC
TDM
RTPSIP
DIA
SIP SIP
SIP
H248
SIP
Diameter
MAP‘SIP
CAPOSA
Diameter
CAP
MAP
SIP
COPS
DIA
BGCF
CAP
GGSN
SGSN

12. © Siemens 12
Key IMS Network Elements
Not shown:
- Charging Entities
- Security Entities
- Lawful Interception Entities
- DNS/ENUM, …
CSCF (Call Session Control Function)
PDF (Policy Decision Function)
HSS (Home Subscriber Server)
HLR (Home Location Register)
SLF (Subscription Locator Function)
MRF-C (Multimedia Resource Function - Controller)
MRF-P (Multimedia Resource Function - Processor)
BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function)
MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function)
MGW (Media Gateway)
SGW (Signaling Gateway)
AS (Application Server)
IM-SSF (IP Multimedia Service Switching Function)
OSA-SCS (OSA Service Capability Server)

13. © Siemens 13
Classical IMS Usage Scenario
IMS as unified Voice- and Data Network
• enable multi-component communication services that integrate
voice/video/data and real-time/non-real-time service components
• enable the operator to control and charge these services
• enable a single IP based network infrastructure for voice- and
data services in the future, instead of different infrastructures for
Transport, Control, Supplementary Services, Charging and
Network Management
IMS
HSS
CSCF
Application Servers
Multi-component IMS Service
Voice Service Component
Video Service Component
Data Service Component
WLANWLAN
SGSN
Node
B
RNC
UTRAN
Iu-PS Gn
GGSNPS-Domain
IMS Client
SGSN BTSBSC
RAN
Gn
IMS Client
SGSN
Node
BRNC
UTRAN
Iu-PSGn
PS-Domain
IMS Client
GGSN

14. © Siemens 14
Future positioning of IMS from the 3GPP point of view
Positioning for near-term
Work together with UMTS PS domain, GPRS or WLAN complimentary to circuit switched
• Focused on new IP and SIP based applications
• Focused on integrating web content, presence information and combinational services
to the CS calls.
• Be prepared for other access types (e.g. xDSL or WiMAX)
Medium to long-term
Work together with all possible standardized access types for:
• Offer CS services over IMS (including Mobile IP Centrex and CAMEL)
• Capability to slowly take over voice from the CS Domain

15. © Siemens 15
Key IMS Network Elements
HSS/UMS – Home Subscriber Server
• is the database for user related information.
• provides authentication support (e.g. the Authentication Vectors).
• stores the IMS User Profiles that includes e.g.:
• the User Identification, Numbering, Addressing information
(SIP URI, TEL-URI, IMSI, MSISDN, ...)
• the Service Provisioning/Authorization Information (Filter Criteria).
• the User Mobility Information (S-CSCF address).
• the Charging Server Information (CCF-, ECF address).
IMS
HSS/UMS Functions:
• User Identification data
• Mobility Mgmt (S-CSCF)
• Authentication Data
• Filter Criteria
• Charging Info
• …
I-/S-CSCF
Cx
Application
Server
Sh
Si
IM-SSF
CS/PS Domain
HSS
SGSN
(G)MSC
GGSN
SCP
GMLC
HLR Functions:
• Mobility Mgmt
• Authentication Data
• SuppService Settings
• Routing Info
• PDP Type, APN, ..
• MSISDN
• QoS / Charging Info
• Privacy Settings
• .....
D,C
Gr
Gc
Lh

16. © Siemens 16
Key IMS Network Elements
SIP based Interface
Diameter based Interface
CSCF – Call Session Control Function
• can be viewed as a SIP based Multimedia Session Controller.
• includes the three Roles: S-CSCF, I-CSCF, P-CSCF.
IMS Application Servers
HSS
Cx
Mw
Mg
Mi
Mj
Gm
ISC
Proxy-CSCF
(P-CSCF)
Serving-CSCF
(S-CSCF)
Interrogating-CSCF
(I-CSCF)
Sh
Cx
Mw
Mw
BGCF
MGCF
IMS Terminal Gq
PDF
I-CSCF
- First contact point for the UE
- Forwarding of SIP messages
- Generation of Charging CDRs
- Integrity and Confidentiality
Protection Support
- QoS Authorization Support
- Local Service Support
- Lawful Interception Support
- SIP Header Compression
- First contact point into
an operator‘s network.
- Forwarding of SIP messages
- Assignment of S-CSCFs
- Generation of Charging CDRs
- Topology Hiding Support
- Acts as SIP Registrar
- Performs the IMS User Authentication
- Loads IMS User Profiles from the HSS
- Performs Session Control
- Performs Service (AS) Control
- May behave as SIP-Proxy or SIP-UA
- Address Translation Support
- Generation of Charging CDRs
- Lawful Interception Support

17. © Siemens 17
Key IMS Network Elements
SIP based Interface
Diameter based Interface
MGCF – Media Gateway Control Function
SGW – Signaling Gateway
IMS-MGW – IMS Media Gateway
• provide the IMS Interworking to/from the PSTN/CS-Domain.
MGCF:
- performs the signaling conversion SIP ISUP/BICC over SCTP/IP.
- controls the MGW via H.248 (Mn reference point).
- generates Charging CDRs for Interoperator Charging.
MGW:
- performs the IMS Bearer traffic conversion e.g. Voice/RTP/UDP/IP Voice/TDM.
- may perform transcoding e.g. AMR G.711. May provide Tones/Announcements.
S-CSCF
HSS
Mg
Mi
Mj
ISC
Sh
Cx BGCF
MGCF SGW
ISUP, BICC
over SS7
Voice over
TDM, ATM
Voice over IP
MGW
PSTN /
CS-Domain
ISUP, BICC
over IP
Mn
SIP Signaling
SGW:
- performs the signaling transport conversion from/to
ISUP/BICC over SCTP/IP ISUP/BICC over SS7.
IMS Terminal

18. © Siemens 18
Key IMS Network Elements
BGCF – Breakout Gateway Control Function
• is responsible for selecting the MGCF that controls
the IMS Interworking to the PSTN/CS-Domain.
• the selection could e.g. be based on operator policy / Number Plan.
• the Local Breakout and the Remote Breakout are defined.
• the BGCF generates Charging CDRs.
SIP based Interface
Diameter based Interface
S-CSCF
HSS
Mg
Mi
Mj
ISC
Sh
Cx BGCF
MGCF,
SGW
BGCF
Mj
Mk
Remote Breakout
in another Operator Network
Local Breakout
in the local Operator Network
MGCF,
SGW
PSTN /
CS-Domain
PSTN /
CS-Domain
ISUP, BICC ISUP, BICC
Voice over TDM, ATM Voice over TDM, ATM
Voice over IP
MGW MGW
Voice over IP

19. © Siemens 19
Key IMS Network Elements
IMS Application Servers (AS):
• provide SIP-based IMS services (e.g. Presence, PoC,
Instant Messaging, Supplementary Services, etc. ).
• may act as SIP-UA, SIP-Proxy, SIP B2BUA.
• are invoked by the S-CSCF via the SIP-based ISC interface.
• Different AS types are defined in TS 23.002:
• IM-SSF (IP Multimedia Service Switching Function)
• OSA-SCS (OSA Service Capability Server)
• SIP-AS (SIP-Application Server)
S-CSCF
HSS
ISC
Sh
Cx
IMS Application Servers
SIP Signaling SIP Signaling
Administrative Domain
of the IMS Operator
Execution Environment
Services
S-CSCF
ISC (SIP)ISC (SIP)ISC (SIP)Administrative
Domain of the
3rd Party
Service Provider
SE
Services
OSA API
IM-SSFOSA SCS SIP-AS
OSA API
Services
CAP
CORBA
Transport
Services

20. © Siemens 20
IMS Registration and User Authentication
Overview about the IMS Registration Procedure:
• Assumptions: 1) the A-Party (UE-A) is in the Home Network,
and 2) the B-Party (UE-B) is in the Visited Network (IMS Roaming).
• The S-CSCF is the SIP Registrar.
Home IMS Network of UE-A
P-CSCF-A
S-CSCF-AI-CSCF-A
HSS-A
UE-A
SIP Register message
1
2
4
Query HSS
Download User Profile to S-CSCF
3
5
Home IMS Network of UE-B
P-CSCF-B
S-CSCF-B I-CSCF-B
HSS-B
UE-B
SIP Register message
1
2
4
Query HSS
Download User Profile to S-CSCF
3
5
Visited IMS Network of UE-B

21. © Siemens 21
IMS Session Setup and Control
Overview about the standard IMS Session Setup:
• used e.g. for voice/video/data sessions in the IMS.
Home IMS Network of UE-A Home IMS Network of UE-B
P-CSCF-A
I-CSCF-B
P-CSCF-B
HSS-B
S-CSCF-A S-CSCF-B
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
SIPInvite
SIPCallControl
SIPRegister
I-CSCF-A
HSS-A
UE-BUE-A
SIP Register
IP Bearer Packets
Query HSS
for S-CSCF

22. © Siemens 22
IMS Interworking to the PSTN/CS-Domain
Overview about the IMS Session Setup to the PSTN/CS:
• the IMS Breakout is initiated at the S-CSCF of the A-Party
(UE-A) after the TEL-URI (E.164) Address Resolution failed:
PSTN/CSHome IMS Network of UE-A
P-CSCF
S-CSCF MGCF/
SGW
BGCF
REGISTER
INVITE(E.164)
CallControl
2 3
5
I-CSCF
HSS
6
1
DNS
ENUM
4
UE-A
IAM
RTP/UDP/IP Bearer TDM
8
MGW
7
2-3
4
1 IMS Registration of the A-Party (UE-A).
Resolve B-Party E.164 into SIP-URI: fails !
Initiate Session Setup to the B-Party.
6
7
5 No IMS B-Party: send SIP INVITE to BGCF.
Gateway Control based on MGCP or H.2.48.
BGCF selects MGCF e.g. based on N-Plan
Call Control e.g. PRACK, UPDATE8
Initiate Breakout to the PSTN.

23. © Siemens 23
IMS Interworking to the PSTN/CS-Domain
Overview about the IMS Session Setup from the PSTN/CS:
• in the example, the B-Party is registered in the IMS.
4-9
4
1 IMS Registration of the UE-B.
Resolve the I-CSCF Address via DNS.
Standard MT Call Setup including
7 Gateway Control using MGCP/H2.48.
2 Terminating Session Setup Request is
received at the MGCF.
Terminating Service Execution in 7
PSTN/CS Home IMS Network of UE-B
P-CSCF
S-CSCFMGCF/
SGW
INVITE
CallControl
8
6
I-CSCF
HSS
2
1
DNS
3
UE-B
IAM
RTP/UDP/IP BearerTDM
9
I-CSCF
4
SIP
AS7
INVITE
MGW
10
5

24. © Siemens 24
3GPP IMS
• SIP call-control
domain for public
network operator
IETF
• Specification of Internet protocols
• Efficient „bazar“ model for Internet protocols
Use IETF protocols, and adopt new
functionalities to 3GPP system
Specifies requirements for
IETF specification work (e.g. SIP).
3GPP2 MMD
Similar to 3GPP
IMS for CDMA20003GPP2
largely
follows
3GPP
Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
• Specification of E2E service enabler (e.g. PoC)
Provide network capabilities to fulfill
E2E enabler requirements
Develop Service enabler
using IMS
ETSI TISPAN, ATIS,
ITU-T
Define NGN/FMC based
on 3GPP IMS
Definition
of Req's by
NGN
bodies
Changes to
protocols by
3GPP
Standardization landscape in the area Mobile and Fixed Access

25. © Siemens 25
TISPAN NGN Functional Architecture
Release 1
Implementation utilizing an IMS-based coreTISPAN Architecture
Rf /Ro
IP Transport (Access and Core)
Resource and Admission Control Subsystem
Core IMS
AS
Charging
Functions
Mw
Mw Mw/Mk/Mm
Mr
Mg
Mj
Mi
Mp Mn
Gm
Gq
ISC Cx
Dx
Dh
Sh
Ic
Rf /RoCx
Ib
Ia
Id
If
Ie
Mi
Network
Attachment
Subsystem
AS
Charging
FunctionsHSS
I-CSCF
SLF
BGCF
MGCFMRFCP-CSCF
UE
A-BGF
MRFP
PSTN/ISDN
T-MGF
SGF
I-BGF
OtherIPNetworks
IBCF
IWF
Mw
S-CSCF

26. © Siemens 26
GPRS
SGSN GGSN
IPGERAN
WLAN,WiMAX
IP
UMTS
SGSN GGSN
UTRAN IP
Fixed, DSL,...
IP
Others’
Application
Infrastructure
Intranet
Internet
IMSOperator‘s
IP Backbone
Operator‘s own
Service Delivery
Platform
Other
Operators‘
IMS
PSTN
HSS
CSCF
MGCFMGW
PDF
MRF
IMS based All IP Network
CSCF = Call State Control Function HSS = Home Subscriber Server PDF = Policy Decision Function
MGCF = Media Gateway Control Function MGW = Media Gateway MRF = Media Resource Function

27. © Siemens 27
2. IMS based new services:
• How the new services can be offered
• Which services would be low hanging fruit

28. © Siemens 28
Session Control
Applications
Subscribers
Mobile Clients Fixed Clients
Separate Applications From Access Networks
HSS
IMS
SS7
TDM
CFX-5000CMS-8200 Media Gateway
Controller Media Gateway
Video Conferencing VoiceMailPresence
VoIP
PSTN/
PLMN
Generic
SIP AS
hiQ 4200
Instant
Messaging
SIP / ISC
DVB-H
W-CDMAWLAN-Hotspot
VoIP
DSL-Data TDM / POTS
SIP
CSCF
3.5G Radio Internet
WLAN
2G / 3G
GSM / UMTS
WIMAX
Cable
DSL
CDMA
DVB-H
CSCF & HSS
Service, Session & Resource Control
IMS
Applications
SIP-based legacy

29. © Siemens 29
Separate Applications From Access Networks
Session Control
Applications
Subscribers
Mobile Clients Fixed Clients
HSS
IMS
SS7
TDM
Media Gateway
Controller Media Gateway
PSTN/
PLMN
Video Conferencing VoiceMailPresence
VoIP
Generic
SIP ASInstant
Messaging
SIP / ISC
DVB-H
W-CDMAWLAN-Hotspot
VoIP
DSL-Data TDM / POTS
SIP
CSCF

30. © Siemens 30
Mobile Applications
Rich Call & Combinational Services
5P Application Suite
• Video Sharing
• Upgrade to Video Call
• Presence-enabled phonebook
• Instant Messaging & Chat
• Push my Picture
• Watch me Live
• P2P Gaming
• Multi-party Gaming
Seamless Integration
Multiple parallel sessions, with
or without voice call

31. © Siemens 31
Offer Fixed-Mobile Convergence including VoIP services
Call & Session Control (IMS)
PDF HSS CSCF MGCF MGW
WiMAX/WLAN/DSL
Household
Access
Point
IP PBX3GPP Cellular Access
Corporate
Access
Point
Applications
Presence Community PoC
Multimedia
Messaging
VoIP
Call
& Share
Voice &Video
Conferencing
Gaming Mobile TV …
•Platform for Next Generation Mobile Networks
•One control platform for all domains and all use cases
•One identity, one number, one bill, one voice mailbox, one subscriber database
•Seamless mobility and handover between Cellular and WLAN domains is defined
•Shared Content and same Application Look & Feel across Multiple Networks
•Standardized Solution resolving VoIP Interworking/Interoperability issues
•Easy VoIP bundling with Multimedia Services
Why IMS controlled VoIP and FMC?

32. © Siemens 32
3. Release 4 migration path to Release 5:
• Signalling
• Media

33. © Siemens 33
CS domain
A possible vision for network evolution
2G scenario
BTS
A
Abis
(TDM)
Gb
RAN
SCP
IN
HLR
BSC PSTN
PLMN
TDM
2G
MSC
2G
MSC
IP-Network
(PS-domain)
Internet
Intranet
other
PLMN
BGW
2G
SGSN
GGSN
IP
OSS
CTX

34. © Siemens 34
CS domain
A possible vision for network evolution
2G/3G scenario
BTS
A/ Iu-cs
Abis
(TDM)
Gb/
Iu-ps
GERAN
Node
B
UTRAN
Iub
(ATM)
RNC
SCP
IN
HLR
Iu-ps
Iu-cs
BSC PSTN
PLMN
TDM/ATM
2G
3G
MSC
2G
3G
MSC
IP-Network
(PS-domain)
Internet
Intranet
other
PLMN
BGW
2G
3G
SGSN
IPS
IP
OSS
CTX

35. © Siemens 35
CS domain
A possible vision for network evolution
IMS introduction
BTS
A/ Iu-cs
Abis
(TDM)
Gb/
Iu-ps
GERAN
Node
B
UTRAN
Iub
(ATM)
RNC
SCP
IN
HLR
Iu-ps
2G
3G
SGSN
Iu-cs
BSC PSTN
PLMN
TDM/ATM
2G
3G
MSC
2G
3G
MSC
IP-Network
(PS-domain)
MGCF
IMS
CSCF
MGW
HSS
MRF
other
PLMN
BGW
IPS
PDF
Internet
Intranet
IP
OSS
CTX

36. © Siemens 36
A possible vision for network evolution
Communication Anytime Anywhere on Any device
CS domain
BTS A/ Iu-cs
Abis
(TDM)
Gb/
Iu-ps
GERAN
Node
B
UTRAN
Iu-b
RNC
SCP
IN
HLR
Iu-ps
Iu-cs
BSC PSTN
PLMN
IP-Network
IMS
HSS
MRF
MSC-Server
Internet
Intranet
other
PLMN
2G
3G
SGSN
OSS
IP-Network
IPS
xDSL
WLAN
AP
Access
Gateway
WLAN
WiMAXWiMAX
BS
BGW
MGWMGW
MGCF
CSCF
PDF
IP
CTX

37. © Siemens 37
3G-Overlay Consolidation, MSC Server, IMS/CS-MGW Unified Unified
IMS introduction VoIMS MGW Transport
2G-MSC
3G-MSC
2G/3G-MSC
CSCF
IMS-MGW
2G-MSC
3G-MSC
CSCF
MGCF
IMSDomainCSDomain
CSCF
MGCF
CSCF
MGCF
21 3 4 5
Unified
Controller
Unified
Transport
Unified
Controller
6
IMS-MGW
CS-MGW
MSC Server MSC ServerMSC Server
IMS-MGW
CS-MGW
CS Evolution Strategy

38. © Siemens 38
Four possible evolution scenarios for IMS-CS Voice Interworking
CS-Voice centric
evolution
IMS and CS Voice
are treated
independently
IMS centric
evolution
CS-Voice centric
evolution
CS MGW
Mc
MSC-S
Mn
Mg/Mj
MGCF
IMS-MGW
CSCF/BGCF
Mc
MSC-S/MGCF
Mn
Mg/Mj
CS/IMS-MGW
CSCF/BGCF
Mc
MSC-S
Mn
CS/IMS-MGW
CSCF/BGCF
Mc
MSC-S
Mn
Mg/Mj
MGCF
CS/IMS-MGW
CSCF/BGCF
Mg/Mj
MGCF

39. © Siemens 39
4. 3GPP Release 6 and beyond:
• Release 6
• Release 7
• NGMN / LTE

40. © Siemens 40
3GPP Roadmap Core Network
3GPP Rel 6
Support of Push Services
IP flow based charging
Enhanced Gb for improved streaming support
Enhanced Gb for conversational services
General control for e2e QoS (PDF, Gq)
Enhanced Policy Control
WLAN Access to IMS and other PS services
Circuit-switched voice video service
improvements
Cyphering of Voice Group Calls
IMS Phase 2
• Interworking CS, PSTN, IP-Networks
• Charging Phase 2
• Legal Interception enhancement
• Optimized Radio Support, WLAN Access
IMS Service Enablers
• Push to talk over cellular (PoC) support
• Presence, Messaging, Group Mgmt
• Conferencing phase 1
3GPP Rel 4
Rel 4 CS Architecture
Split MSC Server/MGW
Bearer-independent Call
Control (BICC)
CS over IP
CS over ATM/AAL2
Transcoder-free operation
(TrFO)
Tandem-free operation for
AMR
QoS in PS only
Gb interface over IP
Location service enh.
3GPP Rel 7 (in progess)
Handover WLAN to
GPRS/UMTS (non-
seamless, seamless)
Further 3GPP services over
WLAN
Further Voice Group Call
Service Enhancements
Combining CS and IMS
services
Enhanced support of video
telephony
IMS / CS combinational
services
FMC/NGN : IMS over
DSL/cablemodem
Emergency Services over
IMS/PS
IMS Voice over WLAN to
GSM interworkingMAP Security (manuel key
distribution)
Signaling over IP
Network Sharing
Generic Bootstrapping Architecture
All-IP network evolution
Selective disabling of faulty
terminals
3GPP process : Improved
mechanisms to introduce
new features on old releases
3GPP Rel 5
IMS control for e2e QoS (Go)
Enhanced Gb for basic streaming
support (NACC, Flow control)
AMR-WB codec
Service Change and UDI Fallback
(SCUDIF)
IMS Basic Functionality
Registration and Session Control
Charging, Security
Service Provisioning interfaces
Iu interface over IP
CAMEL Phase 4
Iu flexibility (connecting RNC to
multiple MSC/SGSN)
Network Domain Security for IP
(IPSec)
Improved Encryption (A5/3, GEA/3)
Circuit SwitchedPacket SwitchedIMSCommon
3GPP Evolution

41. © Siemens 41
IMS R5/R6 Feature Split
Key Features defined in the 3GPP Release 5 IMS:
IMS Architecture: IMS Architecture, network entities,
reference points (interfaces) between the network entities.
User Identities: Public/Private User Identity, usage of
the SIP-URI and TEL-URI, ISIM, the use of the USIM
instead of the ISIM.
IMS Session Control: IMS Registration, IMS Session Routing,
Session- Modification and Teardown, SIP Signaling Compression.
IMS Service Control: invocation/control of IMS Application Servers based on Filter Criteria
in the CSCF. IM-SSF and the
re-use of CAMEL Services. Interconnect with the OSA-GW
and the use of OSA services.
QoS Mechanisms: QoS Preconditions, QoS/Media Authorization
based on the PDF.
Security Mechanisms: IMS User Authentication,
Message Integrity Protection, IMS Network Domain Security. Lawful interception

42. © Siemens 42
IMS R5/R6 Feature Split
Key Features being defined in Release 6 IMS:
IMS Services: Presence, Instant Messaging, Conferencing,
group management. IMS VoIP Optimized UTRAN-RAB. Enhanced Charging (Online
charging).
IMS Interworking: IMS Interworking to the CS-Domain (details
for CS and PSTN), WLAN access to the IMS, Interworking with
SIP Clients in the Internet.
IMS Session Control: multiple registrations, routing of group identities. Support of more
private user ids.
Security Mechanisms: confidentiality protection of SIP
messages, use of public key infrastructure, Ut-interface security.
Note: Services OMA!!!

43. © Siemens 43
Network Entities and Reference Points of 3GPP Release 6
Ww, Wu
WLAN
(Home)
IMS Core
Ut
PSTN
-or-
CS-Domain
-or-
Legacy
-or-
External
PS-Domain
CAP
Mr
Cx
Sh
Gr
Mm
Mw
Mn
Gc
Mg
Gn
Iu
BGCF
Mi
Mk
Mj
Go
Gm
Dx
„Mb/Gi-Cloud“
PDF
Mp
ISC
Uu
Operator 2
Si
IMS Terminal
Radio
Access
Multimedia
IP
Networks
MGCF
MGW
BGCF
Gq
CSCF
SLF
IMS Services
AS
OSA-SCS
IM-SSF
Presence
IM
Dh
HSS
HLR
Wx
Wu, Wp
SGSN
WLAN
Access
(WAG)
Wm
AAA
PDGW
The reference points for Charging, Core Network Security, and Lawful Interception are not shown. PoC is standardized by OMA.
Red denotes additions in R6 compared to R5. In R6, the MRF-C may be co-located with an AS (and thus have an Ut, an ISC and
an Sh interface).
PoC
MRF-C
MRF-P
IMS-ALG
CSCF
Mx
Mx
Ix
TrGW
Ma
GGSN
CRF
Gx
Rx
Note: In R7, PDF and CRF will be combined to a PCRF

44. © Siemens 44
Next technologies focus on Cost Efficiency and Reduced Network Complexity
Universal transport node GSN (xGSN & IPS)
optimized peer-to-peer routing
Common Subscriber Database for all Domains
NB+
All IP NetworkMultimedia Services
2006/2007
Starting Point
3GPP R4
Access
Core Routing
& Switching
Control
IMSMSC-S HLR
MGW
SGSN
WLAN
WiMAX
UTRAN
IMSCNDB
MGW
IPS
GSN
Shared Infrastructure between access technologies
Reduced transmission, unified O&M concept
OPEX
New IMS functionalities for support of Multimedia
and VoIP
ARPU Unified Multimedia
Home Control, Security and Entertainment
OPEX
ARPU
All-IP prepared
GERAN
xDSL
EDGE
GGSN / IPS
WLAN
WiMAX
UTRAN
GERAN
xDSL
EDGE

45. © Siemens 45
Operator Expectations are driven by increasing Market
Dynamics towards a Next Generation Mobile Network
Technology
Market
Dynamics
Launched 1992 - 14 years
ago
More than 1.5 billion
customers in 200 countries,
growing by 1 million per day
GSM UMTS NGMN
Non restrictive regulation
Low license fees
Creation of challenging
customer expectations
- excellent coverage
“ everytime, everywhere”
- excellent quality
Launched 2002
Technology promise of high
speed at low cost
HSxPA keeping the UMTS
promise
high license fees
Customer expectations
increased triggered by
other successful
technologies (DSL, WLAN
WiMAX, …)
Throughput and latency are
key parameters to enhance
user experience
Unlike GSM, UMTS is
facing technology
competition
To be commercially
launched 2010
DSL is setting the target
for customer expectations
in performance & cost
Mobility meets IP and vice
versa
Convergence of markets
- Fixed Line
- Nomadic
- Mobile
Keep assets of mobile
operators vs. competition:
- Ubiquitous access
- Mobility
- Security
- Qos
Network Costs,
Performance, Latency

46. © Siemens 46
These Dynamics lead to Operator Requirements in
mainly two Key Success Dimensions
1 Superior User Experience 2 Competitive Network Cost
• Throughput / Cell Capacity
100 MBit/s downlink (w/o MIMO), 50 MBit/s uplink
High performance at cell edges
• User Data Latency
Total system roundtrip < 30ms
• Mobility
Cell Change << 100 ms,
Inter-system change << 500 ms
e.g. VoIP at GSM quality
HSPA NGMN HSPA NGMN
Peak Throughput Latency
Factor10
Factor2-3
UMTS HSPA NGMN
50%
>50%
Cost/MByte
• No more sites
Re-use of equipment and antennas
(Multi Standard Base Station)
• Spectrum Efficiency
2-3 bit/Hz/cell without MIMO (3…4 times HSPA)
Scalable channel bandwidth (1.25 – 20 MHz)
Re-farming support
• Flat Network Architectures
RNC-less access
IP interfaces and packet optimized all-IP Network
Ethernet backhauling
Smooth Migration from existing networks

47. © Siemens 47
Key Architectural Concepts (simplified) target a flat and cost
effective Next Generation Mobile Network
UMTS/HSPA
Access Core Control
Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
MSCMGW
IMS HLR/HSS
NGMN
MBS
aGW IMS HLR/HSS
MGW
Move of
Functionality

48. © Siemens 48
The first Step in 2009 allows early Time to Market with
an NGMN Overlay including full seamless Mobility
MGW
(CS-)
MGW
(PSTN-)
PS DomainRadio
IMSMSC-S
DB
HLR, HSS,
AAA,…
CS Domain
IPS
GGSN,
SGSN
SGSN+
MM, CM, LI,
Ciph
GERAN
Applications
Enabling
Services
Billing &
Charging
PCRF
UTRAN
NGMN
NB+
CPS
PSTN
Non-3GPP
WLAN, WiMAX ,…
Intranet /
Internet
Voice
interworking
MGW
eIub-c
eIu
eIu
Gx+
MGW
Rx+
Note: Not all interfaces are shown
NGMN
High Speed Overlay
PS DomainRAN
IMSMSC-S
DB
HLR, HSS,
AAA,…
CS Domain
SGSN
GERAN
Applications
Enabling
Services
Billing &
Charging
UTRAN
eRAN
,…,…
Voice
interworking
MGW
S1
Gx+
MGW
Rx+
PSTN/
PLMN
NB+
NB+
X2
PCRF
Intranet /
Internet
aGW
• Flat NGMN Overlay
with new air interface
• Seamless inter-
technology mobility
• Multi Standard BS
• Iu Flex for RAN
sharing
• IPS upgrade
• One Common DB
Non-3GPP-Access
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16e
(WiMAX)
IEEE 802.16-2004
(WiMAX)
FLASH-
OFDM

49. © Siemens 49
PS DomainRadio
IMS
DB
HLR, HSS,
AAA,…
GERAN
Applications
Enabling
Services
Billing &
Charging
PCRF
UTRAN
NGMN
NB+
CPS
PSTN
Non-3GPP
WLAN, WiMAX ,…
Voice
interworking
eIub-c eIu-c
eIu-u
MGW
Rx+
Note: Not all interfaces are shown
PS Domain
IMS
DB
HLR, HSS,
AAA,…
GERAN
Applications
Enabling
Services
Billing &
Charging
UTRAN
NGMN
NB+
Voice
interworking
Gx+
MGW
Rx+
PSTN/
PLMN
Radio
NGMN
NB+
CPS
eIub-c
RAN
eRAN
NB+
NB+
X2
S1
PCRFSGSN
aGW
Intranet /
Internet
• Substitution of CS
domain by IMS / VoIP
• Policy controlled
mobility (QoS, always-
best connected, …)
• Higher Data Rates
through MIMO
• Dynamic SLA & roaming
agreement
The second Step in 2011 allows additional OPEX
Reduction with Core Network Consolidation
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16e
(WiMAX)
IEEE 802.16-2004
(WiMAX)
FLASH-
OFDM
Non-3GPP-Access

50. © Siemens 50
5. Siemens portfolio:
• Mapping of 3GPP to the Siemens products
• IMS Core Network
• TISPAN mapping
• Roadmap
• GSM / WLAN romaing and handover

51. © Siemens 51
IMS Product Portfolio
Mapping of 3GPP Functions to Products
IMS - IP Multimedia Subsystem © Siemens, 2002
Enabling Services
Applications
IP
CMS 8200
CCS 1000
TDM
CFX 5200
HSS
3G SGSN
CPX 5000
GGSN
CPG 3000
SIP
terminals
IP
Network
IP
Network
UTRAN,
BSS
PSTN /
PLMN
MRF
Payment@vantage
Rating@vantage
Prepaid@vantage
Location, Presence, ...
CMG 3000
ISC
WLAN
CFX 5000
Enabling Services
Applications
IP
CMS 8200
CCS 1000
TDM
CFX 5200
HSSHSS
3G SGSN
CPX 5000
GGSN
CPG 3000
SIP
terminals
IP
Network
IP
Network
IP
Network
IP
Network
SIP
terminals
UTRAN,
BSS
PSTN /
PLMN
MRFMRF
Payment@vantage
Rating@vantage
Prepaid@vantage
Location, Presence, ...
CMG 3000
ISC
WLAN
CFX 5000
Operator 1Applications
and
Services
PO/PS-Domain
HSS
R-
CSCF
GGSN
MRF-CSCP
MGCF
MGW
SGSN
UTRAN
CAP
Mr
Cx
Sh
Sc
Gr
Mc
Gc
Mg
Gn
Iu
T-SGW
BGCF
Mi
Mj
Go
Gm
SLF
Dx
AS
„Gi- Cloud“
PCF
OSA-SCS
IM-SSF
MRF-P
Mp
Sr
ISC
R-SGW
GERAN
UE
Uu
HLR
Si
IMS Domain
Applications
and
Services
PO/PS-Domain
HSS
CSCF
GGSN
MRF-CSCP
MGCF
MGW
SGSN
UTRAN
CAP
Mr
Cx
Sh
Sc
Gr
Mc
Gc
Mg
Gn
Iu
SGW
BGCF
Mi
Mj
Go
Gm
SLF
Dx
AS
„Gi- Cloud“
PDF
OSA-SCS
IM-SSF
MRF-P
Mp
Sr
ISC
SGW
GERAN
UE
Uu
HLR
Si
SIP Client
Gq
PDF
hiG 1x00
hiE 9200
PCS 5000

52. © Siemens 52
@vantage CFX-5000 as CSCF
• SIP Proxy, Registrar and SIP Redirect Server in one box
• Includes the three functions: S-CSCF, I-CSCF, P-CSCF (could be separated)
plus BGCF – Breakout Gateway Control Function
• Proxy CSCF
- Pre-Authorization
- QoS Support
• Interrogating CSCF
- First contact point into the operator network
- Performs the S-CSCF Selection
• Serving CSCF
- Session/Service Control
- User Authentication
• Breakout Gateway Control Function
- Selects MGCF to the PSTN/CS Domain
CFX-5000
Call Session
Controller

53. © Siemens 53
@vantage CMS-8200 as HSS
Central database for network services & user profile data:
• User identity information:
1) private user ID
2) public user ID
• Registration and Mobility Management information:
1) Registration status
2) Current S-CSCF of the user
HSS
CMS-8200
Home
Subscription
Server

54. © Siemens 54
@vantage PCS-5000 as PDF
PCS – Policy Control Function :
• Acts as a Policy Decision Function (PDF) for IP bearer
resources
• Communicates with GGSN via Go/Gx interface
• Standalone machine
• Combination of the PDF and CRF (Flow based Charging)
is possible (3GPP Release 7 architecture)
PCS-5000
Policy Control
Server

55. © Siemens 55
ACME Packet Session Director as SBC
Session Border Controller for:
Security:
Separate the provider network from the Internet
• SIP signaling flows via Session Boarder Controller
• RTP stream to Trunk Media Gateway and Media Server flows via
Session Boarder Controller
Support of all of threats (DoS, ...)
Overcome issues around Network Address Translation
Possible solution for Lawful interception
Session
Border
Controller

56. © Siemens 56
Media Server IP Unity Mereon 6000
IP Unity
Mereon
Server
Media Server Applications:
• Tones
• Announcements
• Lawful Intercept call content
Supported Protocols:
• SIP
• MGCP
• SNMP

57. © Siemens 57
Voice AS
hiQ 4200
Media Server
Mereon 6000
Unified Messaging
server
Web-Conferencing
server
MGCP
Application Servers
CSCF
CFX-5000
Voice Mail, Unified Messaging and Web Conferencing
Involved Components
SIP (ISC i/f)
SIP
SIP
RTP
Mobile Presence
Manager Server
Other Application
Servers

58. © Siemens 58
SURPASSTM hiE 9200 as MGCF
hiE 9200
MGCF
Media Gateway Controller Function
• Performs Signalling Conversion from SIP to ISUP
• Controls the Media Gateways via H.248 / MGCP
• Includes the Signalling Gateway (SGW)
• Generates CDRs for charging
• Full Softswitch Functionality

59. © Siemens 59
SURPASSTM hiG 1100 / 1200 as MGW
Media Gateway
Mediation of voice, fax, and modem traffic over IP
Performs IMS Bearer traffic conversion e.g. Voice/RTP/UDP/IP -
Voice/TDM.
Currently supported Codecs: G.711, G.723.1, G.726, G.729A, T.38
QoS by prioritizing the voice packets in the IP network
hiG 1x00
Media
Gateway

60. © Siemens 60
SURPASSTM hiQ 4200 as Voice-AS
hiQ 4200
Voice
Application
Server
The hiQ 4200 is used in the Business Connection World Market and Consumer VoIP
solution
The hiQ 4200 is an Application Server providing hosted services, i.e. it is a software based
switching platform designed to run on commercially available hardware, utilizing
standard communication protocols.
The hiQ 4200 performs the following tasks:
• Web based call management and admin for users and business group
administrators
• Attendant function and presence management
• VoIP endpoint signaling (SIP)
• Call Agent (Routing, Charging)
• Voice feature Server (Business and Regulatory features)

61. © Siemens 61
TISPAN NGN Functional Architecture
Release 1
Implementation utilizing an IMS-based coreTISPAN Architecture
Rf /Ro
IP Transport (Access and Core)
Resource and Admission Control Subsystem
Core IMS
AS
Charging
Functions
Mw
Mw Mw/Mk/Mm
Mr
Mg
Mj
Mi
Mp Mn
Gm
Gq
ISC Cx
Dx
Dh
Sh
Ic
Rf /RoCx
Ib
Ia
Id
If
Ie
Mi
Network
Attachment
Subsystem
AS
Charging
FunctionsHSS
I-CSCF
SLF
BGCF
MGCFMRFCP-CSCF
UE
A-BGF
MRFP
PSTN/ISDN
T-MGF
SGF
I-BGF
OtherIPNetworks
IBCF
IWF
Mw
S-CSCF

62. © Siemens 62
Introduction – IMS/FMC
Siemens Network Element mapping to ETSI TISPAN architecture
IP Transport (Access and Core)
Resource and Admission Control Subsystem
Core IMS
AS
Charging
Functions
Mn
Gm
ISC
Network
Attachment
Subsystem
AS
Charging
FunctionsHSS
I-CSCF
SLF
BGCF
MGCFMRFCP-CSCF
UE
A-BGF
MRFP
PSTN/ISDN
T-MGF
SGF
I-BGF
OtherIPNetworks
IBCF
IWF
S-CSCF
HiQ4200
CMS-8200
hiG 1x00
AAA
CFX-5000
SIP
SIP (ISC)
SS7
CFX-5000
CFX-5000
hiE 9200
hiQ8000
Application Servers
(PoC, IM, PS, XDMS, Voice-AS)
MGCP
H.248
CFX-5000
HiR 200
IP Unity
HiR 200
IP Unity
Firewall/NAT
e.g. ACME

63. © Siemens 63
Commercially Non-Binding
IMS Solution Roadmap confidential
IMS Evolution
IMS 3.x
Call & Session Control
Service Control via ISC
Offline Charging
HTTP Digest & Early
IMS Authentication
GPRS, UMTS, EDGE &
WLAN Access
Signaling Compression
ENUM Support
HSS High Availability
Non-Real-time Services
Presence
Chat
Instant Messaging
OMA Push-to-Talk
Developers Program IDP
CSCF and HSS
SIP Application Server
MPM, IMC PoC Servers
CSDM Server
@vantage commander
Supported Solutions
New IMS Features
Feature
Candidates
IMS 4.0
CS/PSTN Breakout and
Breakin
Wireline access (DSL)
QoS Support via PDF
IMS/UMTS AKA
Authentication
Multiple User IDs
Online Charging
IPv6 Support
Residential Voice over IP
IP Centrex Services
Conferencing
Combinational Services1
Rich Communication
Service Delivery Platform
IMS 5.0
Voice Call Continuity
CS/IMS one Identity
SMS Interworking
Lawful Interception
CSCF High Availability
Integrated Session
Border Controller
Supplementary Voice
Services
Transit Routing
Mobile Voice over IP
Roaming CS / IMS
Mobile IP Centrex
IP PBX Support
Video Breakout CS
PSTN Emulation
IMS 6.0
Home Entertainment
Remote Surveillance
Combination. Services 2
Virtual Operator
IMS 7.0
IMS Roaming
Generic Authentication
Identity Management
Web Services Support
Network Optimization
Service Consolidation
Internet Service
Integration
Push-to-Talk FMC Mobile VoIP
Multimedia
& Entertainment
PDF / CRF
BGCF
Voice Feature Server
SBC (incl.Firewall)
MGCF and MGW
MRF
Media Proxy (SBC)
GSM/WLAN Client
Mobile VoIP Client
New Network Elements
All IP Core
FMC 2.0
FMC 3.0
FMC 4.0
Broadcast and Multicast
Integrated Service
Execution (CSCF)
Service Identifier
Support
Mixed Radio Handover
HSS-Distributed and
C-NTDB Support
Blade/ATCA
Common Network
Subscriber Database
Integrated MSC-
S/CSCF/MGCF
PoC 2.x

64. © Siemens 64
WLAN / GSM-UMTS: Roaming including one number subscription
IMS
PS-Domain
SGSN GGSN
RAN
ISDN,
PSTN,
GSM
Application
Servers
HSS
CSCF
MGCF
MGW
SIP Phone
Fixed line
Access
GMSCMSC
WiFi
WIMAX
Roaming
User is
registered in the
CS-Domain
User is
registered via
the WLAN
Access

65. © Siemens 65
WLAN / GSM-UMTS: Handoff
IMS
PS-Domain
SGSN GGSN
RAN
Application
Servers
HSS
CSCF
MGCF
MGW
SIP Phone
GMSCMSC
WiFi
WIMAX
Handover
ISDN,
PSTN,
GSM
User has an active call
via the CS-Domain
Continue of the
active call via the
WLAN environment

66. © Siemens 66
Thanks for your attention!