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Relationships
- 1. 1COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Appearance • Is especially important in the early stages • Partners create “positive illusions,” viewing another as more attractive over time • Similarity • We like people who are similar to us • Similarity is more important to relational happiness than communication ability
- 2. 2COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Complementarily • Differences strengthen relationships when they are complementary • Each partner’s characteristics satisfy the other’s needs • Reciprocal Attraction • We like people who like us – usually • People who approve of us, bolster our self- esteem
- 3. 3COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Competence • We like to be around talented people • If a person is too talented it can be difficult to be around them because they make us look bad • Disclosure • Revealing information about yourself can help to build liking • Not all disclosure leads to liking
- 4. 4COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Proximity • We are likely to develop relationships with people we interact with frequently • Allows us to get more information about other people and benefit from relationship • Rewards • Social Exchange Theory • Relationships that give us rewards greater than or equal to the costs of the relationship
- 5. 5COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • A Developmental Perspective • Mark Knapp • Rise and fall of relationships • Ten stages • Other researchers • Coming together • Coming apart • Relational maintenance
- 6. 6COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Stages of Relational Development Figure 8.1 Page 276
- 7. 7COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Initiating • Communication during this stage is usually brief • Usually follows a conventional formula • Experimenting • After initial contact we decide if we wish to pursue the relationship further • Uncertainty reduction • The search for common ground
- 8. 8COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Intensifying • The interpersonal relationship begins to develop • The expression of feeling becomes more common • Integrating • Parties begin to take on identity as a social unit • Partners begin to take on each other’s commitments
- 9. 9COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Bonding • Parties make symbolic public gestures • Commitment is increased during this stage • Differentiating • The “We” orientation shifts back to “I” • The stage is likely to occur when the relationship experiences its first feelings of stress
- 10. 10COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Circumscribing • Communication decreases in quantity and quality • Restrictions and restraints • Stagnating • No growth occurs • The relationship is a hollow shell of its former self
- 11. 11COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Avoiding • Parties begin to create physical distance between each other • Indirectly • Directly • Terminating • Includes summary dialogue • Relationships don’t always move toward termination in a straight line
- 12. 12COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONALDYNAMICS Characteristics of Relationships • Relationships Are Constantly Changing • Rarely stable for long periods • A cycle in which partners move through a series of stages • Relationships are affected by culture • A variety of differences can make relationships between people from different cultures challenging