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1COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Why We Form Relationships
• Appearance
• Is especially important in the early stages
• Partners create “positive illusions,” viewing
another as more attractive over time
• Similarity
• We like people who are similar to us
• Similarity is more important to relational
happiness than communication ability
2COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Why We Form Relationships
• Complementarily
• Differences strengthen relationships when
they are complementary
• Each partner’s characteristics satisfy the other’s
needs
• Reciprocal Attraction
• We like people who like us – usually
• People who approve of us, bolster our self-
esteem
3COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Why We Form Relationships
• Competence
• We like to be around talented people
• If a person is too talented it can be difficult to
be around them because they make us look
bad
• Disclosure
• Revealing information about yourself can help
to build liking
• Not all disclosure leads to liking
4COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Why We Form Relationships
• Proximity
• We are likely to develop relationships with
people we interact with frequently
• Allows us to get more information about other
people and benefit from relationship
• Rewards
• Social Exchange Theory
• Relationships that give us rewards greater than or
equal to the costs of the relationship
5COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• A Developmental Perspective
• Mark Knapp
• Rise and fall of relationships
• Ten stages
• Other researchers
• Coming together
• Coming apart
• Relational maintenance
6COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• Stages of Relational Development
Figure 8.1 Page 276
7COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship
• Initiating
• Communication during this stage is usually brief
• Usually follows a conventional formula
• Experimenting
• After initial contact we decide if we wish to pursue
the relationship further
• Uncertainty reduction
• The search for common ground
8COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship
• Intensifying
• The interpersonal relationship begins to develop
• The expression of feeling becomes more common
• Integrating
• Parties begin to take on identity as a social unit
• Partners begin to take on each other’s
commitments
9COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship
• Bonding
• Parties make symbolic public gestures
• Commitment is increased during this stage
• Differentiating
• The “We” orientation shifts back to “I”
• The stage is likely to occur when the relationship
experiences its first feelings of stress
10COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship
• Circumscribing
• Communication decreases in quantity and quality
• Restrictions and restraints
• Stagnating
• No growth occurs
• The relationship is a hollow shell of its former self
11COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Models of Relational Dynamics
• Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship
• Avoiding
• Parties begin to create physical distance between
each other
• Indirectly
• Directly
• Terminating
• Includes summary dialogue
• Relationships don’t always move toward
termination in a straight line
12COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS
Characteristics of Relationships
• Relationships Are Constantly Changing
• Rarely stable for long periods
• A cycle in which partners move through a series of
stages
• Relationships are affected by culture
• A variety of differences can make relationships
between people from different cultures challenging

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Relationships

  • 1. 1COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Appearance • Is especially important in the early stages • Partners create “positive illusions,” viewing another as more attractive over time • Similarity • We like people who are similar to us • Similarity is more important to relational happiness than communication ability
  • 2. 2COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Complementarily • Differences strengthen relationships when they are complementary • Each partner’s characteristics satisfy the other’s needs • Reciprocal Attraction • We like people who like us – usually • People who approve of us, bolster our self- esteem
  • 3. 3COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Competence • We like to be around talented people • If a person is too talented it can be difficult to be around them because they make us look bad • Disclosure • Revealing information about yourself can help to build liking • Not all disclosure leads to liking
  • 4. 4COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Why We Form Relationships • Proximity • We are likely to develop relationships with people we interact with frequently • Allows us to get more information about other people and benefit from relationship • Rewards • Social Exchange Theory • Relationships that give us rewards greater than or equal to the costs of the relationship
  • 5. 5COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • A Developmental Perspective • Mark Knapp • Rise and fall of relationships • Ten stages • Other researchers • Coming together • Coming apart • Relational maintenance
  • 6. 6COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Stages of Relational Development Figure 8.1 Page 276
  • 7. 7COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Initiating • Communication during this stage is usually brief • Usually follows a conventional formula • Experimenting • After initial contact we decide if we wish to pursue the relationship further • Uncertainty reduction • The search for common ground
  • 8. 8COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Intensifying • The interpersonal relationship begins to develop • The expression of feeling becomes more common • Integrating • Parties begin to take on identity as a social unit • Partners begin to take on each other’s commitments
  • 9. 9COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Bonding • Parties make symbolic public gestures • Commitment is increased during this stage • Differentiating • The “We” orientation shifts back to “I” • The stage is likely to occur when the relationship experiences its first feelings of stress
  • 10. 10COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Circumscribing • Communication decreases in quantity and quality • Restrictions and restraints • Stagnating • No growth occurs • The relationship is a hollow shell of its former self
  • 11. 11COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Models of Relational Dynamics • Knapp’s Ten Stages of the Relationship • Avoiding • Parties begin to create physical distance between each other • Indirectly • Directly • Terminating • Includes summary dialogue • Relationships don’t always move toward termination in a straight line
  • 12. 12COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONAL DYNAMICS Characteristics of Relationships • Relationships Are Constantly Changing • Rarely stable for long periods • A cycle in which partners move through a series of stages • Relationships are affected by culture • A variety of differences can make relationships between people from different cultures challenging