Reflexes.ppt
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This document discusses the motor system, including the types of motor neurons and muscle fibers. It describes the muscle spindle, which contains intrafusal muscle fibers that act as receptors for the stretch reflex. The stretch reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex, while withdrawal and abdominal reflexes are polysynaptic. The pathways of motor signals from the motor cortex to the muscles are outlined, including the corticospinal tract and upper and lower motor neurons. The key differences between upper motor neuron lesions and lower motor neuron lesions are compared.
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The document discusses the motor system and neurophysiology. It covers topics such as motor centres in the brain and spinal cord, motor neurons, motor units, factors that control muscle tension, neuronal networks, reflexes including monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, the muscle spindle, ventral horn cells, the reticular formation and reticular activating system, electroencephalography, and human sleep patterns including REM and non-REM sleep.
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2) The myotatic reflex maintains muscle length through a monosynaptic connection between Ia afferents and motor neurons. It causes muscle contraction when the muscle is stretched.
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Reflexes.ppt
- 1. MOTOR SYSTEM
- 2. TRANSVERS SECTION OF SPINAL CORD
- 3. MOTOR UNIT
- 4. Types of motor neuron • α – motor neuron • γ - motor neuron
- 5. Types of muscle fibers • Extrafusal muscle fibers ( cause muscle contraction supplied by α - motor neuron) • Intrafusal muscle fibers or muscle spindle (receptor for stretch reflex, supplied by γ - motor neuron)
- 6. MUSCLE SPINDLE (INTRAFUSAL FIBERS)
- 7. MUSCLE EXTRAFUSAL FIBERS MUSCLE INTRAFUSAL FIBERS
- 8. Muscle spindle • Nuclear bag fiber • Nuclear chain fiber Sensory innervations of muscle spindle • Ia – nuclear bag & nuclear chain fibers • II – nuclear chain fibers Motor supply – γ motor neuron Dynamic & Static
- 9. Reflex • Definition • Components of reflex arc Receptor Afferent pathway Center Efferent pathway Effector organ
- 10. Components of reflex arc
- 11. Classification of reflexes • Monosynaptic or stretch reflex or tendon jerk eg. Bicep jerk tricep jerk, supinator jerk knee jerk, ankle jerk • Polysynaptic reflex eg. Withdrawal reflex Abdominal reflex Plantar reflex • Visceral reflex eg. Micturation, defecation reflex Jendressik Phenomenon
- 12. KNEE JERK – MONOSYNAPTIC REFLEX
- 16. WITDRAWEL REFLEX - POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEX
- 22. • Motor cortex • corticospinal (pyramidal tract) • Upper motor neuron (pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts) • Lower motor neuron • Difference between upper & lower motor neuron lesion (UMNL & LMNL)
- 26. MOTOR TRACTS
- 28. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UPPER & LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION UMN LESION • Paralysis affect movement rather than muscles • Muscle wasting is only from disuse, therefore slight. Occasionally marked in chronic severe lesions. • Spasticity of clasp- knife’ type. Muscles hypertonic. LMN LESION • Individual muscle or group of muscles are affected. • Wasting pronounced. • Flaccidity. Muscles hypotonic.
- 29. • Tendon reflexes increased. Clonus often present. • Superficial reflexes diminished or modified. Abdominal reflex absent. Babinski’s sign +ve, Increased jaw jerk. • Tendon reflexes diminished or absent. • Superficial reflexes often unaltered.