Farming systems are becoming more complex as farms increase in size but have less available labor and management attention. This widens the gap between efficient and inefficient farms. Embodied innovations that directly provide benefits through use are adopted more readily than information-intensive innovations requiring ongoing management decisions. The value of innovations that increase convenience is growing. Agricultural advisors play a key role in supporting the adoption of complex innovations. Research must consider both relative economic advantage and management convenience to facilitate adoption of new technologies and farming systems changes.
Mohammed Asaduzzaman, Mitigation in Bangladesh's National Climate Change Action Plan (presentation from Mitigation session at CCAFS Science Workshop, December 2010)
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Mohammed Asaduzzaman, Mitigation in Bangladesh's National Climate Change Action Plan (presentation from Mitigation session at CCAFS Science Workshop, December 2010)
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
One year after the launch of the iPad in Belgium (and several other Tablets available) as a strong increase of the usage of Smartphones, Mobile Internet is a major trend in the digital world. We observe important consequences for media consumption and for advertising. Concretely, what is the situation in Belgium ? (presentation illustrated with exclusive datas and insights, and a link to a White Paper about Mobile marketing)
An Overview of Cocoa-based Agricultural Systems,Stylized Rural Transformation,Operationalizing Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence,An Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence
Exposición de Guido Vildozo Méndez, con con motivo de la Reunión Nacional de Concesionarios de ACARA, viernes 17 de Junio, Salón Ceibo del Predio Ferial “La Rural”.
Exposición Ventas globales y tendencia (con impacto al evento en Japón)
Ventas regionales (flujo de vehículos entre Brasil, Argentina y México)
Tendencias de los mercados (Brasil - Argentina) para los próximos 10 años
One year after the launch of the iPad in Belgium (and several other Tablets available) as a strong increase of the usage of Smartphones, Mobile Internet is a major trend in the digital world. We observe important consequences for media consumption and for advertising. Concretely, what is the situation in Belgium ? (presentation illustrated with exclusive datas and insights, and a link to a White Paper about Mobile marketing)
An Overview of Cocoa-based Agricultural Systems,Stylized Rural Transformation,Operationalizing Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence,An Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence
Exposición de Guido Vildozo Méndez, con con motivo de la Reunión Nacional de Concesionarios de ACARA, viernes 17 de Junio, Salón Ceibo del Predio Ferial “La Rural”.
Exposición Ventas globales y tendencia (con impacto al evento en Japón)
Ventas regionales (flujo de vehículos entre Brasil, Argentina y México)
Tendencias de los mercados (Brasil - Argentina) para los próximos 10 años
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Reducing the cost of complexity for greater farming system change. Rick Llewellyn
1. Reducing the cost of complexity for greater
farming system change
Rick Llewellyn
CSIRO, Waite Campus
2. Increasing value of convenience
• Trends in farm businesses and management
• Implications for agricultural innovation and technologies
• Value of convenience
• Cost of complexity
• Challenge for R&D
• Shift in drivers of relative advantage
• Potential for innovation-advisor synergy
• Expanding research role in innovation development process
3. Farm business trends
Increasing farm size
Less managers per hectare
Greater land use intensity
More management demands
Less available labour & management attention
4. Management constraints affecting farm
productivity
- Management constraints a major factor limiting farm
productivity growth and technical efficiency
- Management constraints leading to widening gap in
farm efficiency
(ABARE, 2010; Hughes et al., 2011)
Increasing research recognition of complexity and
labour constraints in farming systems
(Kingwell 2011; Doole et al 2009)
Lucerne increases whole farm profitability by 3% but increases
management time by 9%
5. Examples from Australian crop-livestock farming
No-shear sheep
(or no sheep)
Autosteer/ GPS Guidance
6. Convenience in a bag:
Herbicide tolerant soybean, US
Non-
pecuniary
embodied
benefits:
simplicity;
flexibility
Piggot and Marra 2008
7. Embodied innovations
Embodied innovations:
The benefits are obtained relatively simply through its direct use.
Benefits can be attributed simply and directly
(e.g. new disease resistant crop; autosteer)
Non-embodied innovations:
Usually information-intensive. Ongoing decisions and management
are needed to benefit from the technology
Require higher levels of management capacity to gain full value -
skills, education, advisory support
(e.g. monitoring tools; variable rate technology; soil tests)
8. RR Soybean: the growing value of convenience
• Evidence that growers
become accustomed to
convenience
• More inelastic demand
• Willing to pay higher prices
for embodied convenience
• Less willing to shift away
from embodied convenience
• Shifts in farm labour
allocation; IWM reluctance
Piggot and Marra 2008 +Uematsu et al 2010; Fernande z-Cornejo et al 2005.
9. No-till adoption in Australian cropping regions
100%
90%
80%
70%
% no-till adoption
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
06
08
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
WA Central / Eastern Wheatbelt WA Midlands
Llewellyn & D’Emden 2010
WA Northern Wheatbelt WA SE Central Wheatbelt
11. Factors influencing no-till adoption rate
Use of crop consultant From
Logit &
Higher education Duration
analysis
Higher participation in extension activities
Years since first awareness of nearby no-till adopter
Prior year much drier than average
Perceived soil moisture conserving benefits and improved seeding
timeliness
Effectiveness of pre-emergent weed control (perceived)
Relative price of glyphosate herbicide
Location (region/state) and average rainfall
D’ Emden et al. 2007 (SA, Vic, NSW, WA 2003) ; 82% of decisions correctly predicted – 2003 use
12. No-till adoption in Australian cropping regions
100%
90%
Logit analysis of no-
80% till use & extensive
use (>90% crop
70%
area)
% no-till adoption
60%
50%
Growers without a
40% crop consultant are
30% less than ½ as likely
to be no-till adopters.
20%
10%
0%
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
06
08
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
Llewellyn WA Central / Eastern Wheatbelt
& D’Emden (2010) ; 2008 use WA Midlands
13. Adoption of no-till systems
• No-till system has complex demands
• Information and knowledge intensive (NT groups)
• Not an embodied technology, but advisor support evolved
• Advisors have had a substantial role – ongoing
• Agronomic constraints to more extensive use
(perceptions):
• Disease
14. Convenience, complexity and advisor support
affecting peak adoption, not just rate
Personal
characteristics; Actual
learning-related relative
characteristics; advantage
extension; actual
relative advantage
Early Late
majority majority
Time
15. Adoption of variable rate fertiliser in Australian
grain growing regions
Have yield map Varying fertiliser
Region (%) rates on zones
and yield map (%)
Central 20 7
Lower EP 32 10
SA Upper EP 20 5
Western EP 8 3
Mallee 17 9
Mallee 24 18
VIC
Wimmera 23 4
WA Central 40 9
Robertson, Llewellyn et al 2011 (2008 use)
16. Adoption of variable rate fertiliser in Australian
grain growing regions
Have yield map Varying fertiliser
Region (%) rates on zones
and yield map (%)
Central 20 7
Lower EP 32 10
SA Upper EP 20 5
Western EP 8 3
Mallee 17 9
Mallee 24 18
VIC
Wimmera 23 4
WA Central 40 9
Consultant use 2x ***
Logistic adoption model of VR
Robertson, Llewellyn et al 2011 (2008 use)
19. The R&D challenge: the case of PA
Expected profitability alone not
leading to high adoption
Complexity and inconvenience
A role for research not just
extension
Overcoming low ‘adoption’ by
advisors
20. Finally
• Role for ‘advisor-technology synergy’
• Innovation can be complex, but supported by advisors
• Research aimed at developing relative advantage for
advisors & farmers
• Management time scarcity increasingly
affecting relative advantage
• Cannot be ignored in full economic analyses (whole-
farm)
• Increasing value of ‘convenience agriculture’
9% management attention Vs 3% profit increase?