Mohammed Asaduzzaman, Mitigation in Bangladesh's National Climate Change Action Plan (presentation from Mitigation session at CCAFS Science Workshop, December 2010)
The document summarizes Pakistan's recent macroeconomic trends and current challenges. It outlines Pakistan's strong economic growth between 2001-2008, but also the economic shocks experienced in 2007-2008 due to rising food and oil prices. It describes Pakistan's IMF program and the conditionalities imposed. Current challenges include stabilizing the macroeconomy, energy sector reforms, dealing with the global financial crisis, and supporting displaced people and the poor. The way forward involves ensuring water for agriculture, energy for industry, and continued donor support and prudent policies.
Helical piers have a long history dating back to the 1830s with uses in marine, agriculture, utilities and modern construction applications. They consist of a central shaft with helical blades and extensions attached, which are installed using specialized equipment. Key advantages include rapid installation, minimal noise/vibrations, and ability to provide both compression and tension support. Axial capacity is governed by cylindrical shear or individual bearing limit states, while spacing is most efficient at 2-4 helix diameters. Pullout capacity is typically less than 18% of the bearing capacity.
Helical piers are deep foundation elements with central shafts and helical blades that are installed by rotating them into the ground. They have been used since the 1830s for marine, agricultural, utility, and construction purposes. Key advantages are rapid installation with minimal noise, vibrations, and spoils. Axial capacity depends on cylindrical shear strength or individual bearing of the soil. Helix spacing is most efficient at 2-4 diameters. Pullout capacity is typically 18% lower than bearing capacity and can be verified through measurement of installation torque.
Reducing the cost of complexity for greater farming system change. Rick Llewe...Joanna Hicks
Farming systems are becoming more complex as farms increase in size but have less available labor and management attention. This widens the gap between efficient and inefficient farms. Embodied innovations that directly provide benefits through use are adopted more readily than information-intensive innovations requiring ongoing management decisions. The value of innovations that increase convenience is growing. Agricultural advisors play a key role in supporting the adoption of complex innovations. Research must consider both relative economic advantage and management convenience to facilitate adoption of new technologies and farming systems changes.
An overview of the Challenge Program on Water and Food's research-for-development results, and plans to address global challenges, from CPWF Director, Dr Alain Vidal
The document summarizes Pakistan's recent macroeconomic trends and current challenges. It outlines Pakistan's strong economic growth between 2001-2008, but also the economic shocks experienced in 2007-2008 due to rising food and oil prices. It describes Pakistan's IMF program and the conditionalities imposed. Current challenges include stabilizing the macroeconomy, energy sector reforms, dealing with the global financial crisis, and supporting displaced people and the poor. The way forward involves ensuring water for agriculture, energy for industry, and continued donor support and prudent policies.
Helical piers have a long history dating back to the 1830s with uses in marine, agriculture, utilities and modern construction applications. They consist of a central shaft with helical blades and extensions attached, which are installed using specialized equipment. Key advantages include rapid installation, minimal noise/vibrations, and ability to provide both compression and tension support. Axial capacity is governed by cylindrical shear or individual bearing limit states, while spacing is most efficient at 2-4 helix diameters. Pullout capacity is typically less than 18% of the bearing capacity.
Helical piers are deep foundation elements with central shafts and helical blades that are installed by rotating them into the ground. They have been used since the 1830s for marine, agricultural, utility, and construction purposes. Key advantages are rapid installation with minimal noise, vibrations, and spoils. Axial capacity depends on cylindrical shear strength or individual bearing of the soil. Helix spacing is most efficient at 2-4 diameters. Pullout capacity is typically 18% lower than bearing capacity and can be verified through measurement of installation torque.
Reducing the cost of complexity for greater farming system change. Rick Llewe...Joanna Hicks
Farming systems are becoming more complex as farms increase in size but have less available labor and management attention. This widens the gap between efficient and inefficient farms. Embodied innovations that directly provide benefits through use are adopted more readily than information-intensive innovations requiring ongoing management decisions. The value of innovations that increase convenience is growing. Agricultural advisors play a key role in supporting the adoption of complex innovations. Research must consider both relative economic advantage and management convenience to facilitate adoption of new technologies and farming systems changes.
An overview of the Challenge Program on Water and Food's research-for-development results, and plans to address global challenges, from CPWF Director, Dr Alain Vidal
This document discusses the use of glyphosate in Europe, specifically the UK. It provides background on glyphosate, noting its introduction in 1974 for perennial weed control and pre-harvest use in 1980. Data is presented on glyphosate's effectiveness in reducing common couch shoots. The document also discusses glyphosate residues in UK bread and impacts on wheat yield and moisture content from pre-harvest glyphosate applications.
The document summarizes the key aspects of globalization, including the globalization of markets and production. It provides an example of a Vizio TV being designed in California but assembled in Mexico using parts from various countries. It discusses how commodities markets have become more globalized. It also outlines some of the main drivers of globalization like declining trade barriers and technological advances like the internet that have facilitated the global flow of goods, services, and information. However, it also notes some of the criticisms of globalization like its impacts on jobs and wages in advanced countries.
The document summarizes SMUD's commitment and plans regarding energy efficiency. SMUD is a large municipal electric utility serving 1.3 million customers in Sacramento County. It has shown leadership in energy efficiency through increasing expenditures on conservation and reducing peak load and energy savings. SMUD's future plans include more aggressive and long-term visions for energy efficiency, such as displacing new generation needs and avoiding distribution investments through efficiency. SMUD aims to provide resourceful opportunities for customers and fund efficiency through various sources to achieve its vision of making the Sacramento region the most energy efficient in the nation.
- PRT Growing Services Ltd. is the largest producer of container grown forest seedlings in North America, with 13 nursery sites and over 425 employees.
- The presentation discusses PRT's competitive position, contracted revenue stream, forest seedling market drivers including the housing market and export markets, and the impact of the US housing market downturn on PRT's financial performance between 2008-2011.
- Looking ahead, PRT's growth strategies include leveraging an expected housing market recovery, expanding into regional forestry markets, diversifying into non-forestry starter plants and hardwood seedlings.
1) Agricultural risks in Sub-Saharan Africa are linked to low soil fertility, unpredictable water availability due to climate, and low use of soil amendments and other inputs.
2) These risks have contributed to low and unstable crop yields, increasing poverty and hunger in the region.
3) Risk mitigation strategies are needed to address soil fertility depletion and make better use of water resources through improved farming practices and investment in soil health and water management.
André Bationo - Agricultural risks linked to soil, water and climate in Sub-S...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Agricultural risks in Sub-Saharan Africa are linked to soil, water, and climate. Risks stem from inherently low soil fertility and low use of inputs like fertilizers. Water and climate risks include high rainfall variability, recurrent droughts and floods, which reduce agricultural productivity and economic growth. Efforts to mitigate risks include soil and water conservation techniques, use of organic and mineral fertilizers, development and dissemination of improved seeds, and other sustainable land management practices. However, widespread adoption of risk-reducing technologies remains low.
California Association of Realtors presentation by Oscar Wei, senior researcher at the CA Community College Real Estate Educators' Conference - Hilton, Oakland Airport. Friday, April 20, 2012
Gary Kendall - Plugging into Electric Mobilitynoe21
http://www.managing-energy-demand.org
This seminar held on november 4 ‘09 in Bern, Switzerland, hosted international specialists in managing energy demand, mainly electric energy. Presentations concentrated on best cases in demand side management and regulation easing the way for DSM programs. The event was organised by noe21, a Geneva based NGO.
Livestock production and poverty alleviation in arid and semi-arid tropica...ILRI
Presented by Carlos Seré, Augustine Ayantunde, Alan Duncan, Ade Freeman, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, and Iain Wright at the XXI International Grassland Congress and VIII International Rangeland Congress, held in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China from 29 June - 5 July 2008
10 Reasons to Consider Adding Managed Futures To Your Portfoliokevinobrien123
1. Managed futures have achieved strong long-term performance with low correlation to traditional asset classes like stocks and bonds. They may generate returns in both bull and bear markets.
2. Adding managed futures to a portfolio can help reduce overall volatility by diversifying beyond traditional assets that often move in the same direction.
3. Successful pension plans and other large investors use managed futures to boost returns and reduce portfolio risk.
1) Managed futures have significantly outperformed stocks over the past 30 years, returning over 7,000% compared to around 2,000% for stocks.
2) Diversifying into managed futures provides returns that are evident in any economic environment, unlike traditional stocks which are more volatile.
3) The graph shows the performance of several indexes from 1980 to 2010, with managed futures strongly outperforming US and international stocks over that period.
This document summarizes the development of agriculture in Brazil and discusses potential impacts of climate change and policy alternatives. Key points:
1) Brazilian agriculture transformed from low production to highly productive through increased yields, new technologies, and expansion into new areas.
2) Climate change may impact crop yields and suitable land for agriculture in Brazil according to models, though effects are uncertain.
3) Brazil has implemented policies like its Agricultural and Livestock Plan to promote no-till farming, integrated systems, and degraded pasture recovery to mitigate emissions.
10 Reasons to Consider Adding Managed FuturesJeff Garcia
1. Managed futures have achieved strong long-term performance of over 7,000% compared to 6,000% for stocks and 5,000% for international stocks since 1980, exhibiting low correlation to traditional assets.
2. Adding managed futures to a portfolio can help diversify beyond stocks and bonds, reduce overall volatility, and increase returns while decreasing risk.
3. Studies show portfolios that include a 20% allocation to managed futures achieved higher returns with reduced volatility compared to portfolios consisting only of stocks and bonds.
The document discusses the impacts of the global economic crisis following the financial crisis of 2008. It notes that many developing countries were innocent victims despite not being involved in subprime lending. The crisis led to a collapse in asset prices, economic recession, and declining growth rates around the world. Commodity prices and capital flows also reversed, straining the finances of developing nations. The document advocates for improved international cooperation and policy responses to mitigate the crisis impacts.
By Derek Byerlee. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
This document discusses the history and benefits of conservation tillage in the UK. It shows that the use of non-plough tillage for winter wheat production has increased significantly since the 1970s. Minimum tillage reduces fuel use and costs compared to ploughing. Shallow cultivation allows weeds to emerge more easily compared to deeper cultivation. Data from long-term trials shows that shallow non-plough tillage can achieve similar yields as ploughing with higher cumulative profits. Conservation tillage improves soil structure compared to conventional ploughing.
Tobacco use causes over 44,000 deaths per year in South Africa. Raising tobacco excise taxes reduces cigarette consumption and smoking prevalence while also increasing government revenues. When prices increase, consumption decreases according to the first law of economics. Studies show that a 10% price increase globally would prevent 10 million tobacco-related deaths. While tobacco consumption falls with higher taxes, tax revenues still increase due to the higher tax rates. South Africa's experience from 1993-2007 shows excise tax and revenues increasing despite a 48% drop in per capita consumption. The document argues that current tax policy is not aligned with health policy and that maintaining it could increase tobacco use.
Recent Developments in Commercialising Solar Thermal Power in AustraliaSmithers Apex
This document summarizes recent developments in commercializing solar thermal power in Australia. It discusses Australia's solar resource and electricity grid connectivity, the effect of the country's 20% renewable energy target, the Solar Flagships program and long-term cost reductions, and solar thermal developments in the region. It provides details on various solar thermal and solar PV projects that have been proposed or are under development through the Solar Flagships program. It also discusses the role of the Australian Solar Institute in funding solar thermal research and development projects.
The Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project works to deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.
AICCRA does this by enhancing access to climate information services and climate-smart agricultural technology to millions of smallholder farmers in Africa.
With better access to climate technology and advisory services—linked to information about effective response measures—farmers can better anticipate climate-related events and take preventative action that help communities better safeguard their livelihoods and the environment.
AICCRA is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, which is used to enhance research and capacity-building activities by the CGIAR centers and initiatives as well as their partners in Africa.
About IDA: IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programmes that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Mengpin Ge, Global Climate Program Associate at WRI, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This document discusses the use of glyphosate in Europe, specifically the UK. It provides background on glyphosate, noting its introduction in 1974 for perennial weed control and pre-harvest use in 1980. Data is presented on glyphosate's effectiveness in reducing common couch shoots. The document also discusses glyphosate residues in UK bread and impacts on wheat yield and moisture content from pre-harvest glyphosate applications.
The document summarizes the key aspects of globalization, including the globalization of markets and production. It provides an example of a Vizio TV being designed in California but assembled in Mexico using parts from various countries. It discusses how commodities markets have become more globalized. It also outlines some of the main drivers of globalization like declining trade barriers and technological advances like the internet that have facilitated the global flow of goods, services, and information. However, it also notes some of the criticisms of globalization like its impacts on jobs and wages in advanced countries.
The document summarizes SMUD's commitment and plans regarding energy efficiency. SMUD is a large municipal electric utility serving 1.3 million customers in Sacramento County. It has shown leadership in energy efficiency through increasing expenditures on conservation and reducing peak load and energy savings. SMUD's future plans include more aggressive and long-term visions for energy efficiency, such as displacing new generation needs and avoiding distribution investments through efficiency. SMUD aims to provide resourceful opportunities for customers and fund efficiency through various sources to achieve its vision of making the Sacramento region the most energy efficient in the nation.
- PRT Growing Services Ltd. is the largest producer of container grown forest seedlings in North America, with 13 nursery sites and over 425 employees.
- The presentation discusses PRT's competitive position, contracted revenue stream, forest seedling market drivers including the housing market and export markets, and the impact of the US housing market downturn on PRT's financial performance between 2008-2011.
- Looking ahead, PRT's growth strategies include leveraging an expected housing market recovery, expanding into regional forestry markets, diversifying into non-forestry starter plants and hardwood seedlings.
1) Agricultural risks in Sub-Saharan Africa are linked to low soil fertility, unpredictable water availability due to climate, and low use of soil amendments and other inputs.
2) These risks have contributed to low and unstable crop yields, increasing poverty and hunger in the region.
3) Risk mitigation strategies are needed to address soil fertility depletion and make better use of water resources through improved farming practices and investment in soil health and water management.
André Bationo - Agricultural risks linked to soil, water and climate in Sub-S...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Agricultural risks in Sub-Saharan Africa are linked to soil, water, and climate. Risks stem from inherently low soil fertility and low use of inputs like fertilizers. Water and climate risks include high rainfall variability, recurrent droughts and floods, which reduce agricultural productivity and economic growth. Efforts to mitigate risks include soil and water conservation techniques, use of organic and mineral fertilizers, development and dissemination of improved seeds, and other sustainable land management practices. However, widespread adoption of risk-reducing technologies remains low.
California Association of Realtors presentation by Oscar Wei, senior researcher at the CA Community College Real Estate Educators' Conference - Hilton, Oakland Airport. Friday, April 20, 2012
Gary Kendall - Plugging into Electric Mobilitynoe21
http://www.managing-energy-demand.org
This seminar held on november 4 ‘09 in Bern, Switzerland, hosted international specialists in managing energy demand, mainly electric energy. Presentations concentrated on best cases in demand side management and regulation easing the way for DSM programs. The event was organised by noe21, a Geneva based NGO.
Livestock production and poverty alleviation in arid and semi-arid tropica...ILRI
Presented by Carlos Seré, Augustine Ayantunde, Alan Duncan, Ade Freeman, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, and Iain Wright at the XXI International Grassland Congress and VIII International Rangeland Congress, held in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China from 29 June - 5 July 2008
10 Reasons to Consider Adding Managed Futures To Your Portfoliokevinobrien123
1. Managed futures have achieved strong long-term performance with low correlation to traditional asset classes like stocks and bonds. They may generate returns in both bull and bear markets.
2. Adding managed futures to a portfolio can help reduce overall volatility by diversifying beyond traditional assets that often move in the same direction.
3. Successful pension plans and other large investors use managed futures to boost returns and reduce portfolio risk.
1) Managed futures have significantly outperformed stocks over the past 30 years, returning over 7,000% compared to around 2,000% for stocks.
2) Diversifying into managed futures provides returns that are evident in any economic environment, unlike traditional stocks which are more volatile.
3) The graph shows the performance of several indexes from 1980 to 2010, with managed futures strongly outperforming US and international stocks over that period.
This document summarizes the development of agriculture in Brazil and discusses potential impacts of climate change and policy alternatives. Key points:
1) Brazilian agriculture transformed from low production to highly productive through increased yields, new technologies, and expansion into new areas.
2) Climate change may impact crop yields and suitable land for agriculture in Brazil according to models, though effects are uncertain.
3) Brazil has implemented policies like its Agricultural and Livestock Plan to promote no-till farming, integrated systems, and degraded pasture recovery to mitigate emissions.
10 Reasons to Consider Adding Managed FuturesJeff Garcia
1. Managed futures have achieved strong long-term performance of over 7,000% compared to 6,000% for stocks and 5,000% for international stocks since 1980, exhibiting low correlation to traditional assets.
2. Adding managed futures to a portfolio can help diversify beyond stocks and bonds, reduce overall volatility, and increase returns while decreasing risk.
3. Studies show portfolios that include a 20% allocation to managed futures achieved higher returns with reduced volatility compared to portfolios consisting only of stocks and bonds.
The document discusses the impacts of the global economic crisis following the financial crisis of 2008. It notes that many developing countries were innocent victims despite not being involved in subprime lending. The crisis led to a collapse in asset prices, economic recession, and declining growth rates around the world. Commodity prices and capital flows also reversed, straining the finances of developing nations. The document advocates for improved international cooperation and policy responses to mitigate the crisis impacts.
By Derek Byerlee. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
This document discusses the history and benefits of conservation tillage in the UK. It shows that the use of non-plough tillage for winter wheat production has increased significantly since the 1970s. Minimum tillage reduces fuel use and costs compared to ploughing. Shallow cultivation allows weeds to emerge more easily compared to deeper cultivation. Data from long-term trials shows that shallow non-plough tillage can achieve similar yields as ploughing with higher cumulative profits. Conservation tillage improves soil structure compared to conventional ploughing.
Tobacco use causes over 44,000 deaths per year in South Africa. Raising tobacco excise taxes reduces cigarette consumption and smoking prevalence while also increasing government revenues. When prices increase, consumption decreases according to the first law of economics. Studies show that a 10% price increase globally would prevent 10 million tobacco-related deaths. While tobacco consumption falls with higher taxes, tax revenues still increase due to the higher tax rates. South Africa's experience from 1993-2007 shows excise tax and revenues increasing despite a 48% drop in per capita consumption. The document argues that current tax policy is not aligned with health policy and that maintaining it could increase tobacco use.
Recent Developments in Commercialising Solar Thermal Power in AustraliaSmithers Apex
This document summarizes recent developments in commercializing solar thermal power in Australia. It discusses Australia's solar resource and electricity grid connectivity, the effect of the country's 20% renewable energy target, the Solar Flagships program and long-term cost reductions, and solar thermal developments in the region. It provides details on various solar thermal and solar PV projects that have been proposed or are under development through the Solar Flagships program. It also discusses the role of the Australian Solar Institute in funding solar thermal research and development projects.
The Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project works to deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.
AICCRA does this by enhancing access to climate information services and climate-smart agricultural technology to millions of smallholder farmers in Africa.
With better access to climate technology and advisory services—linked to information about effective response measures—farmers can better anticipate climate-related events and take preventative action that help communities better safeguard their livelihoods and the environment.
AICCRA is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, which is used to enhance research and capacity-building activities by the CGIAR centers and initiatives as well as their partners in Africa.
About IDA: IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programmes that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Mengpin Ge, Global Climate Program Associate at WRI, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Sabrina Rose, Policy Consultant at CCAFS, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was meant to be included in the 2021 CLIFF-GRADS Welcome Webinar and presented by Ciniro Costa Jr. (CCAFS).
The webinar recording can be found here: https://youtu.be/UoX6aoC4fhQ
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
The document discusses plant-based proteins as a potential substitute for animal-based proteins. It notes that plant-based proteins are growing in popularity due to environmental and ethical concerns with animal agriculture. However, plant-based meats also present some health and nutritional challenges compared to animal proteins. The document analyzes opportunities and impacts related to plant-based proteins across Asia, including leveraging the region's soy and pea production and tailoring products to Asian diets and cultural preferences.
Presented by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Marion de Vries, Wageningen Livestock Research at Wageningen University, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
This document assesses the environmental sustainability of plant-based meats and pork in China. It finds that doubling food production while reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 73% by 2050 will be a major challenge. It compares the life cycle impacts of plant-based meats made from soy, pea, and wheat proteins and oils, as well as pork and beef. The results show that the crop type and source country of the core protein ingredient drives the environmental performance of plant-based meats. The document provides sustainability guidelines for sourcing ingredients from regions with low deforestation risk and irrigation needs, using renewable energy in production, and avoiding coal power.
This document summarizes a case study on the dairy value chain in China. It finds that milk production and consumption have significantly increased in China from 1978 to 2018. Large-scale dairy farms now dominate production. The study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions from different stages and finds feed production is a major contributor. It models options to reduce the carbon footprint, finding improving feed practices and yield have high potential. Land use is also assessed, with soybean meal requiring significant land. Recommendations include changing feeds to lower land and carbon impacts.
This document summarizes information on the impacts of livestock production globally and in Asia. It finds that livestock occupies one third of global cropland and one quarter of ice-free land for pastures. Asia accounts for 32% of global enteric greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, with most emissions coming from India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Rapid growth of livestock production in Asia is contributing to water and air pollution through nutrient runoff and emissions. The document discusses opportunities for public and private investment in more sustainable and climate-friendly livestock systems through technologies, monitoring, plant-based alternatives, and policies to guide intensification.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
The document evaluates how climate services provided to farmers in Rwanda through programs like Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) and Radio Listeners’ Clubs (RLC) have impacted women and men differently, finding that the programs have increased women's climate knowledge and participation in agricultural decision making, leading to perceived benefits like higher incomes, food security, and ability to cope with climate risks for both women and men farmers.
This document provides an introduction to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Busia County, Kenya. It defines CSA and its three objectives of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and income, adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions. It discusses CSA at the farm and landscape scales and provides examples of CSA practices and projects in Kenya. It also outlines Kenya's response to CSA through policies and programs. The document describes prioritizing CSA options through identifying the local context, available options, relevant outcomes, evaluating evidence on options' impacts, and choosing best-bet options based on the analysis.
1) The document outlines an action plan to scale research outputs from the EC LEDS project in Vietnam. It identifies key activities to update livestock feed databases and software, improve feeding management practices, develop policies around carbon tracking and subsidies, and raise awareness of stakeholders.
2) The plan's main goals are to strengthen national feed resources, update the PC Dairy software, build greenhouse gas inventory systems, and adopt standards to reduce emissions in agriculture and the livestock industry.
3) Key stakeholders involved in implementing the plan include the Department of Livestock Production, universities, and ministries focused on agriculture and the environment.
Delivering information for national low-emission development strategies: acti...
Asaduzzaman - Bangladesh mitigation
1. Low Carbon Development in
Bangladesh:
Agriculture & BCCSAP 2009
M. Asaduzzaman
Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies
Dhaka
Presented at Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation in Agriculture Science Workshop
Playa del Carmen, Mexico
December 1, 2010
2. Trend in Rice Output by Season
Over time boro, Aus Aman Boro Rice
dry period 35
irrigated rice has 30
gained 25
prominence in
Million mt
20
area & output–
15
rainfed aus has
10
lost out. Aman,
5
part rainfed-part
irrigated, area & 0
19
19 5
19 7
19 9
19 1
19 3
19 5
19 7
20 9
20 1
20 3
20 5
20 7
output remain
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
06
08
/8
/8
/8
/9
/9
/9
/9
/9
/0
/0
/0
/0
/09
largely static
3. Despite Growth Seasonal Rice
Output Remains Volatile
Total-p Aman-p Boro-p
40
Seasonal rice
Percent change year on year
30
outputs are 20
volatile - 10
aman output 0
growth may -10
often be -20
negative
1978-79
1980-81
1982-83
1984-85
1986-87
1988-89
1990-91
1992-93
1994-95
1996-97
1998-99
2000-01
2002-03
2004-05
2006-07
2008-09
4. Mechanisation and ownership of
equipments in agriculture
Marginal Small Medium Large
100%
80%
Percent farms
60%
40%
20%
0%
Tractors PT DTW STW LLP
5. Irrigation trends by mode
DTW STW LLP Manual Traditional Major Canal Total
Mainly mechanised
6000
ground water
irrigation helped 5000
dry period
cultivation – diesel
4000
Area (k ha)
operated shallow 3000
tube wells are the
2000
mainstay of the
system. Surface 1000
irrigation with low
0
lift pumps are more
19 91
19 92
19 93
19 94
19 95
19 96
19 97
19 98
19 99
20 00
20 01
20 02
20 03
20 04
20 05
20 06
/07
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
site-specific
19
6. Fuel choice by Mode of irrigation
Diesel Electric
5000
4000
3000
Th ha
2000
1000
0
DTW STW LLP Total
7. Direct Energy Use in Rice
Production
• Lifting water for irrigation and mechanised tillage are
main activities using energy – diesel and electricity
in case of former and diesel in the second case
• Harvesting is manual – husking is manual,
mechanised and also through small and large rice
mills which uses biomass, electricty and diesel for
boilers and motors
• Long distance transport with motorised means is
common for marketing
• Apart from production, knowledge of energy use in
other cases is limited – yet even here energy use
may be inefficient as is the case in say irrigation
8. Indirect Use of Energy in Crop
Production
Urea is the main Urea TSP SSP DAP MOP Total
fertiliser in use – 4000
mainly from 3500
domestic 3000
production using 2500
Th mt
natural gas. 2000
Others are 1500
mainly imported. 1000
Sales of urea 500
show the most 0
1980-81
1982-83
1984-85
1986-87
1988-89
1990-91
1992-93
1994-95
1996-97
1998-99
2000-01
2002-03
2004-05
2006-07
prominent
upward trend
9. Irrigation efficiency of Diesel-
operated STW (ha/machine)
Inefficiency in
12
irrigation may be
quite widespread 10
as the graph 8
indicates
6
although part may
be explained by 4
soil quality and 2
other such factors 0
10. Policy Environment
• Spread of irrigation, fertiliser use and
mechanised tillage all facilitated over time by
policies to encourage their use
• Inputs subsidy – fertiliser, diesel and
electricity for irrigation
• Previously diesel prices were not subsidised
but fixed by Government resulting in lower
prices relative to rice due to rising rice prices
and thus encouraging its increasing use - for
electricity the prices were subsidised and
nominally fixed lowering its relative price
over time as next two slides show
• On the other hand, substantial reduction in
public expenditure on research, extension
and marketing in recent past as shown later
14. Climate Change and Bangladesh
• Impact of climate change in
general and on agriculture, role of
agriculture in GHG emission, and
response of Bangladesh to these
issues have to be seen against
these backdrops
15. Losses in Agricultural GDP due to
Climatic Factors Now and in Future
Cost of present climate
variability - 7.4% output/yr
mainly due to lower boro
output. SW coast to be
worst affected.
Future CC lowers output
further by nearly 4%/yr.
GDP loss - US$ 26 bn for
ag & US$ 121 for national
over 2005-50 due present
variability. CC to add more
losses of US$7.7 and 26 bn.
16. Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy
and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009
• A consequence of 1/CP13
• BAP
• 4 inviolate principles -
– Food security
– Water security
– Energy security
– Livelihood (incl health) security
• Six pillars, 34 programme areas
• One pillar is low carbon development
• Should be read along with food security
theme and Research and Knowledge
Management themes
17.
18. Research Principles
• From food security view point emphasis on
development and popularisation of various stress-
tolerant varieties
• From low carbon view point, lowering emission in
agriculture
• From livelihood view point, stress on protection of
employment, income and livelihood particularly of
poor, women and those in ecologically fragile areas
• From water security view point, water use must be
absolute minimum without waste
• From energy security view point, minimum energy
needs must be fulfilled
• Each can be done separately; but not a desirable
solution
• Challenge is to satisfy each condition
19. Challenges
• Mitigation in agriculture without adaptation will
threaten food security
• Adaptation without mitigation will raise cost
of production and food will be costlier
• Mitigation & adaptation get intertwined and
must be addressed in this situation
simultaneously
• Both require that water use be economized
through choice of crops, new agronomic
practices, development of drought-tolerant or
escaping varieties, etc so that while energy
use is lowered food production does not fall
20. Immediate Research Needs
• Development of stress tolerant varieties-some
such as shorter duration, drought tolerance,
heat tolerance to lower energy needs and GHG
emission
• Development of CC-smart cropping systems
• Extension and diffusion issues
• Reexamination of subsidy issues to lower
wasteful water, energy use
• Stabilise rainfed rice output so that irrigated rice
dependence for food security lessened &
energy needs and emission lowered
• Lowering irrigation water needs
• Lowering of indirect energy needs
21. Capacity-building needs
• Capacity and technology needs assessment
to be done
• Capacity of National Agricultural research
System to be a priority, particularly for
research with complex and intertwined goals
• Development and transfer of cost-effective
technology
• And of course financing the whole research
and related activities
• Given the slow pace of CC negotiations, a
new or parallel paradigm of global
cooperation needs to be established