An Overview of Cocoa-based Agricultural Systems,Stylized Rural Transformation,Operationalizing Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence,An Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of Cameroon's Plan d'Urgence
Sense and nonsense in CA: principles, pragmatism and productivity..... John ...Joanna Hicks
1. Conservation agriculture principles like minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification have been widely adopted in Australian farming, though in a pragmatic way tailored to the environment and system constraints.
2. Productivity improvements from no-till adoption have been modest on average but vary significantly based on season and location. Further gains may come from addressing biological constraints through genetics, precision techniques, and novel inputs.
3. Strategic tillage can play a role in integrated weed management and addressing issues like soil acidity, compaction, and disease, though complete elimination of disturbance is not always necessary or beneficial. Ongoing evidence-based innovation is needed to optimize conservation agriculture systems.
1) Corn is the highest value seed crop market in Iberia, driven by biotech varieties. Biotech corn varieties have increased their market share from 1998-2005.
2) While a 2006 CAP policy review may not significantly impact overall corn surface area, it could change the farming model to be more professional and entrepreneurial with integrated farm management and new technologies.
3) DEKALB corn brand equity has improved in Spain through initiatives like the re-launch, with increased awareness, positive image, and loyalty. Integration of seed and agricultural chemical businesses provides a competitive advantage through value-added farmer programs.
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
India feeds over 17% of the world's population while having only 2.4% of the world's land area and 4.2% of its water resources. It produces over 250 million tons of food grains annually and is the world's largest producer of milk, pulses, and second largest producer of rice, wheat, fruits, and vegetables. However, demand for food is projected to increase substantially by 2050 due to population growth. Continued efforts are needed to boost agricultural productivity through improved crop varieties, irrigation, and risk management in order to ensure future food security.
1) The document lists the work experience of Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao from 1992 to 2009 at various institutes including the National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
2) It then provides an outline for a presentation on sustainable soil fertility management and emerging issues and future challenges. The outline includes topics on potassium nutrition, nutrient deficiencies in rainfed agriculture, carbon sequestration strategies, and soil fertility management strategies from an African context.
3) Yield stagnation in grain legumes may
Strategic tillage can help address multiple constraints in no-till farming systems. While no-till adoption is high due to various benefits, Australian farmers have taken a pragmatic approach, using strategic tillage in some cases. Further improving productivity will require continued evidence-based innovation to address remaining biological constraints in no-till systems like diseases and herbicide resistant weeds.
Sense and nonsense in CA: principles, pragmatism and productivity..... John ...Joanna Hicks
1. Conservation agriculture principles like minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification have been widely adopted in Australian farming, though in a pragmatic way tailored to the environment and system constraints.
2. Productivity improvements from no-till adoption have been modest on average but vary significantly based on season and location. Further gains may come from addressing biological constraints through genetics, precision techniques, and novel inputs.
3. Strategic tillage can play a role in integrated weed management and addressing issues like soil acidity, compaction, and disease, though complete elimination of disturbance is not always necessary or beneficial. Ongoing evidence-based innovation is needed to optimize conservation agriculture systems.
1) Corn is the highest value seed crop market in Iberia, driven by biotech varieties. Biotech corn varieties have increased their market share from 1998-2005.
2) While a 2006 CAP policy review may not significantly impact overall corn surface area, it could change the farming model to be more professional and entrepreneurial with integrated farm management and new technologies.
3) DEKALB corn brand equity has improved in Spain through initiatives like the re-launch, with increased awareness, positive image, and loyalty. Integration of seed and agricultural chemical businesses provides a competitive advantage through value-added farmer programs.
A spatial analysis: creating similarity domains for targeted research sites i...Joanna Hicks
This spatial analysis was commissioned by ACIAR to develop similarity domains for targeted research sites in Zimbabwe based on climate, production, market access, and population data. The objectives were to enhance adoption of farming technologies and assist funding bodies to target high-impact regions. Climate, soil, population, and other data layers were overlaid to create six similarity domains centered around existing research sites. Agricultural potential analysis showed a large yield gap between current low-input yields and simulated high-input yields across all domains, indicating room for improvement through investments and interventions.
India feeds over 17% of the world's population while having only 2.4% of the world's land area and 4.2% of its water resources. It produces over 250 million tons of food grains annually and is the world's largest producer of milk, pulses, and second largest producer of rice, wheat, fruits, and vegetables. However, demand for food is projected to increase substantially by 2050 due to population growth. Continued efforts are needed to boost agricultural productivity through improved crop varieties, irrigation, and risk management in order to ensure future food security.
1) The document lists the work experience of Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao from 1992 to 2009 at various institutes including the National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
2) It then provides an outline for a presentation on sustainable soil fertility management and emerging issues and future challenges. The outline includes topics on potassium nutrition, nutrient deficiencies in rainfed agriculture, carbon sequestration strategies, and soil fertility management strategies from an African context.
3) Yield stagnation in grain legumes may
Strategic tillage can help address multiple constraints in no-till farming systems. While no-till adoption is high due to various benefits, Australian farmers have taken a pragmatic approach, using strategic tillage in some cases. Further improving productivity will require continued evidence-based innovation to address remaining biological constraints in no-till systems like diseases and herbicide resistant weeds.
The document summarizes innovations from various agricultural development projects in the Near East and North Africa region. It describes innovations such as refinancing mechanisms for rural loans, contract farming models to support export crops, water harvesting techniques to improve crop yields, community-based rangeland management, and various microfinance approaches. It provides details on the scope and results of each innovation in increasing agricultural productivity, incomes, and economic opportunities.
1. Biofuel policies aimed to promote biofuel production have unintentionally increased pressure on land use and distorted the balance between oilseed crops by favoring those with high oil content like oil palm.
2. The biofuel demand for vegetable oils independent of meal demand has tilted cultivation towards oil palm which has much higher oil yield and lower meal content than other oilseeds.
3. High palm oil prices driven by the link between vegetable oil and petroleum prices through biofuel use provide strong incentives for rapid expansion of oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia.
Farmers purchase seeds from multiple brands and dealers to diversify their risk. They typically plant 3-4 brands and 5-8 varieties of corn, with 60% selecting germplasm first before choosing biotech traits. Purchases are made from 2-3 dealers in November and December. 38% of the corn is the latest top-yielding hybrids, with the goal of maximizing yield while minimizing risk through genetic diversity.
Engineering C4 rice could significantly increase yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies. C4 photosynthesis concentrates carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells before transferring it to bundle sheath cells for carbon fixation. Replicating this two-cell C4 pathway in rice will require altering leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry and gene regulation, which may take over 15 years of research. Key challenges include developing Kranz anatomy and optimizing C4 enzymes in the right cell types through molecular engineering and breeding approaches.
Engineering C4 rice involves altering rice's photosynthetic pathway from C3 to C4. This would increase rice yields by 50% and improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Converting rice to C4 photosynthesis requires changes to leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry, and fine-tuning of the pathways. The process is complex but has evolved independently over 60 times. With coordinated research over 15 years, C4 rice could be delivered to plant breeders to help feed the world's growing population.
Agroforestry for food security and climate resiliencePatrick Worms
Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on less land, with less water, and more extreme weather can seem hopeless. But it is not so. Agroforestry, evergreen agriculture and using the findings of agrocecology to manage farms can all bring sizeable, durable gains in productivity - even on degraded lands. The debate needs to move on from the facile organic vs. intensive agriculture one - the future will mean combining the best of all technologies while taking the way that natural systems behave into account. Much of the science is in: it's feasible. Now we need to do it.
Gerard owns a dairy farm in California that produces 200,000 pounds of milk per day from his herd of 2,500 cows. He faces increasing costs and volatile milk prices, making it difficult to ensure profitability. The dairy industry has consolidated over time as farms have grown larger to take advantage of economies of scale, though Gerard receives the monthly "mailbox price" for his milk and has no control over the price. He is seeking ways to hedge against the volatility of milk prices and ensure the sustainability of his family farm.
Fish distrubution along the indian coastadityasree2
This document provides an overview of sardines and anchovies fisheries along the Indian coasts. It discusses that sardines and anchovies contribute significantly to India's total pelagic fish landings. The south-eastern and south-western coasts of India are the most productive zones. Oil sardine is the major single species fishery. The document also describes the fishery biology of sardines, including their distribution, age and growth rates, length-weight relationships, and feeding habits.
Dr Fauquet (Director GCP21), introduces the GCP21 and its efforts to develop a comprehensive and coordinated plan to intensify fight against cassava viruses in Africa and in the world for increased productivity and profitability of the cassava sector.
The Global Cassava Partnership for the 21st Century (GCP21), a recognized global organization within the cassava community, is Declaring War to Cassava Viruses in Africa.
The document discusses challenges in reducing fish meal in shrimp feeds. It notes that:
1. Aquaculture is the largest consumer of fish meal, using over 3 million metric tons in 2006.
2. Fish meal use in shrimp feeds has reduced from 28% in 1995 to 12% in 2010 as producers seek more sustainable options due to stagnant fish meal supplies and rising prices.
3. Major challenges for feed formulators include keeping costs low while maintaining feed quality and performance, as well as innovating to track advancements in sustainable alternatives to fish meal.
Mike Bushell - Threats to Food Security and Food Chain Livelihoods from Weeds...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global population growth and changes in diets are increasing demand for food. Weeds, pests and diseases cause major crop losses and threaten food security. Crop protection products have helped increase yields and meet rising demand, but new issues are emerging. Integrated approaches including chemicals, cultural practices and biological controls are needed to sustainably intensify agriculture and ensure adequate, safe and nutritious food supplies.
This presentation describes the trends in the shrimp farming industry in Latin America with focus on the contribution of pond natural food to shrimp growth
MRV in REDD+: Deforestation and forest degradation driversCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by CIFOR scientist Louis Verchot on 28 November 2012 at a joint CIFOR and GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics) UNFCCC COP18 side-event in Doha, Qatar.
1) Global agricultural prospects are good with higher average prices, increasing production, and expanding trade expected over the next decade.
2) However, rising production costs due to increasing input prices, greater market and price volatility, and constraints on water and other resources pose challenges.
3) Agricultural productivity growth, which is essential to meeting rising global food demand, is projected to slow compared to the previous decade due to these factors. Governments and policies can help address these issues through investments in innovation, sustainability, and risk management programs.
Porbandar is a district in Gujarat, India known for being the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. The economy relies on industries like cement, chemicals, ports and shipbuilding, fishing, and minerals extracted from the region like limestone and chalk. The district has seen investments of over 4,500 crore rupees since 1988 across various industries. New infrastructure projects are also planned to further boost the economy and attract more investment to Porbandar.
Goat value chains in Shinelle district, Somali zone, Ethiopia: Results of a r...ILRI
Presented by Hasen Abdurahman at the Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Lowland Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Debre Zeit, 1-2 April 2013
The document is a summer report analyzing the scope of Targa Super, a soybean herbicide produced by Dhanuka Agritech Ltd, in Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective is to explore doubling sales of Targa Super in the soybean segment of Madhya Pradesh. The report includes a market analysis through primary data collection from farmers, retailers, and distributors. Key findings indicate BASF has a larger market share than Dhanuka. Recommendations focus on improving the product, pricing structure, distribution network, and promotion strategies to increase sales of Targa Super.
This document provides an overview of Indonesia's agricultural sector development from 1961 to 2001 and beyond. It analyzes growth in output, inputs, and total factor productivity during different periods. The Old Order era from 1961-1965 saw a focus on machinery expansion that did not lead to steady growth. The New Order era from 1966-1998 brought government intervention and 5-year plans that supported steady input and output increases. The reform era saw a drop in inputs and productivity during the financial crisis of 1999-2001 but efforts to stabilize the economy and support farmers. Productivity reached record highs after 2003.
This document provides an overview of a 2-hour presentation and hands-on training session on Ubuntu for extreme beginners. It introduces Ubuntu, discusses reasons to use it including being free and open source, and covers installing and using Ubuntu including applications, file management, installing software, user accounts, and the terminal. The session concludes with hands-on exercises in using common Ubuntu features and commands.
VirtualBox allows users to easily test other operating systems on their hardware. It was created based on user input to enable testing abilities. When using VirtualBox, users should understand the host and guest operating systems as well as any hardware limitations. VirtualBox advantages include testing operating systems in a virtual environment, while disadvantages include incomplete experience and potential compatibility issues. Ubuntu is a free, open source operating system similar to Windows that includes office software and is easy to install. It was created based on the principle of shared humanity through mass collaboration.
The document discusses various aspects of the Ubuntu operating system including how it boots using GRUB, its use of the EXT file system, desktop management tools like GDM and Nautilus, and software management with tools like Synaptic and the Ubuntu Software Centre. Security features are mentioned as well as the file structure of an Ubuntu system. The author's own projects involving customizing Ubuntu are also briefly described.
The document summarizes innovations from various agricultural development projects in the Near East and North Africa region. It describes innovations such as refinancing mechanisms for rural loans, contract farming models to support export crops, water harvesting techniques to improve crop yields, community-based rangeland management, and various microfinance approaches. It provides details on the scope and results of each innovation in increasing agricultural productivity, incomes, and economic opportunities.
1. Biofuel policies aimed to promote biofuel production have unintentionally increased pressure on land use and distorted the balance between oilseed crops by favoring those with high oil content like oil palm.
2. The biofuel demand for vegetable oils independent of meal demand has tilted cultivation towards oil palm which has much higher oil yield and lower meal content than other oilseeds.
3. High palm oil prices driven by the link between vegetable oil and petroleum prices through biofuel use provide strong incentives for rapid expansion of oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia.
Farmers purchase seeds from multiple brands and dealers to diversify their risk. They typically plant 3-4 brands and 5-8 varieties of corn, with 60% selecting germplasm first before choosing biotech traits. Purchases are made from 2-3 dealers in November and December. 38% of the corn is the latest top-yielding hybrids, with the goal of maximizing yield while minimizing risk through genetic diversity.
Engineering C4 rice could significantly increase yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies. C4 photosynthesis concentrates carbon dioxide in mesophyll cells before transferring it to bundle sheath cells for carbon fixation. Replicating this two-cell C4 pathway in rice will require altering leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry and gene regulation, which may take over 15 years of research. Key challenges include developing Kranz anatomy and optimizing C4 enzymes in the right cell types through molecular engineering and breeding approaches.
Engineering C4 rice involves altering rice's photosynthetic pathway from C3 to C4. This would increase rice yields by 50% and improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Converting rice to C4 photosynthesis requires changes to leaf anatomy, cell biochemistry, and fine-tuning of the pathways. The process is complex but has evolved independently over 60 times. With coordinated research over 15 years, C4 rice could be delivered to plant breeders to help feed the world's growing population.
Agroforestry for food security and climate resiliencePatrick Worms
Feeding 9 billion people by 2050 on less land, with less water, and more extreme weather can seem hopeless. But it is not so. Agroforestry, evergreen agriculture and using the findings of agrocecology to manage farms can all bring sizeable, durable gains in productivity - even on degraded lands. The debate needs to move on from the facile organic vs. intensive agriculture one - the future will mean combining the best of all technologies while taking the way that natural systems behave into account. Much of the science is in: it's feasible. Now we need to do it.
Gerard owns a dairy farm in California that produces 200,000 pounds of milk per day from his herd of 2,500 cows. He faces increasing costs and volatile milk prices, making it difficult to ensure profitability. The dairy industry has consolidated over time as farms have grown larger to take advantage of economies of scale, though Gerard receives the monthly "mailbox price" for his milk and has no control over the price. He is seeking ways to hedge against the volatility of milk prices and ensure the sustainability of his family farm.
Fish distrubution along the indian coastadityasree2
This document provides an overview of sardines and anchovies fisheries along the Indian coasts. It discusses that sardines and anchovies contribute significantly to India's total pelagic fish landings. The south-eastern and south-western coasts of India are the most productive zones. Oil sardine is the major single species fishery. The document also describes the fishery biology of sardines, including their distribution, age and growth rates, length-weight relationships, and feeding habits.
Dr Fauquet (Director GCP21), introduces the GCP21 and its efforts to develop a comprehensive and coordinated plan to intensify fight against cassava viruses in Africa and in the world for increased productivity and profitability of the cassava sector.
The Global Cassava Partnership for the 21st Century (GCP21), a recognized global organization within the cassava community, is Declaring War to Cassava Viruses in Africa.
The document discusses challenges in reducing fish meal in shrimp feeds. It notes that:
1. Aquaculture is the largest consumer of fish meal, using over 3 million metric tons in 2006.
2. Fish meal use in shrimp feeds has reduced from 28% in 1995 to 12% in 2010 as producers seek more sustainable options due to stagnant fish meal supplies and rising prices.
3. Major challenges for feed formulators include keeping costs low while maintaining feed quality and performance, as well as innovating to track advancements in sustainable alternatives to fish meal.
Mike Bushell - Threats to Food Security and Food Chain Livelihoods from Weeds...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
Global population growth and changes in diets are increasing demand for food. Weeds, pests and diseases cause major crop losses and threaten food security. Crop protection products have helped increase yields and meet rising demand, but new issues are emerging. Integrated approaches including chemicals, cultural practices and biological controls are needed to sustainably intensify agriculture and ensure adequate, safe and nutritious food supplies.
This presentation describes the trends in the shrimp farming industry in Latin America with focus on the contribution of pond natural food to shrimp growth
MRV in REDD+: Deforestation and forest degradation driversCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by CIFOR scientist Louis Verchot on 28 November 2012 at a joint CIFOR and GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics) UNFCCC COP18 side-event in Doha, Qatar.
1) Global agricultural prospects are good with higher average prices, increasing production, and expanding trade expected over the next decade.
2) However, rising production costs due to increasing input prices, greater market and price volatility, and constraints on water and other resources pose challenges.
3) Agricultural productivity growth, which is essential to meeting rising global food demand, is projected to slow compared to the previous decade due to these factors. Governments and policies can help address these issues through investments in innovation, sustainability, and risk management programs.
Porbandar is a district in Gujarat, India known for being the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. The economy relies on industries like cement, chemicals, ports and shipbuilding, fishing, and minerals extracted from the region like limestone and chalk. The district has seen investments of over 4,500 crore rupees since 1988 across various industries. New infrastructure projects are also planned to further boost the economy and attract more investment to Porbandar.
Goat value chains in Shinelle district, Somali zone, Ethiopia: Results of a r...ILRI
Presented by Hasen Abdurahman at the Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Lowland Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Debre Zeit, 1-2 April 2013
The document is a summer report analyzing the scope of Targa Super, a soybean herbicide produced by Dhanuka Agritech Ltd, in Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective is to explore doubling sales of Targa Super in the soybean segment of Madhya Pradesh. The report includes a market analysis through primary data collection from farmers, retailers, and distributors. Key findings indicate BASF has a larger market share than Dhanuka. Recommendations focus on improving the product, pricing structure, distribution network, and promotion strategies to increase sales of Targa Super.
This document provides an overview of Indonesia's agricultural sector development from 1961 to 2001 and beyond. It analyzes growth in output, inputs, and total factor productivity during different periods. The Old Order era from 1961-1965 saw a focus on machinery expansion that did not lead to steady growth. The New Order era from 1966-1998 brought government intervention and 5-year plans that supported steady input and output increases. The reform era saw a drop in inputs and productivity during the financial crisis of 1999-2001 but efforts to stabilize the economy and support farmers. Productivity reached record highs after 2003.
This document provides an overview of a 2-hour presentation and hands-on training session on Ubuntu for extreme beginners. It introduces Ubuntu, discusses reasons to use it including being free and open source, and covers installing and using Ubuntu including applications, file management, installing software, user accounts, and the terminal. The session concludes with hands-on exercises in using common Ubuntu features and commands.
VirtualBox allows users to easily test other operating systems on their hardware. It was created based on user input to enable testing abilities. When using VirtualBox, users should understand the host and guest operating systems as well as any hardware limitations. VirtualBox advantages include testing operating systems in a virtual environment, while disadvantages include incomplete experience and potential compatibility issues. Ubuntu is a free, open source operating system similar to Windows that includes office software and is easy to install. It was created based on the principle of shared humanity through mass collaboration.
The document discusses various aspects of the Ubuntu operating system including how it boots using GRUB, its use of the EXT file system, desktop management tools like GDM and Nautilus, and software management with tools like Synaptic and the Ubuntu Software Centre. Security features are mentioned as well as the file structure of an Ubuntu system. The author's own projects involving customizing Ubuntu are also briefly described.
Ubuntu is a free and open-source operating system that is gaining popularity as an alternative to proprietary operating systems. It provides users with a full-featured desktop environment as well as server capabilities. Ubuntu offers many advantages including being safe, fast, free of charge, and providing regular free updates. It is suitable for general users and supports a wide range of hardware. The Ubuntu community is large and actively contributes to its ongoing development.
This document provides an introduction to Ubuntu, an open-source Linux operating system. It discusses what Ubuntu is, why users would want to use it, its default applications, and recent Ubuntu releases. It then provides overviews of the Ubuntu desktop, panels, menus, icons, virtual desktops, and the Nautilus file browser. It discusses how files are handled in Ubuntu and basic day-to-day file management tasks. The document concludes with exercises for the reader to complete.
This document summarizes the key changes in Indian agriculture over recent decades:
1) Agricultural practices have shifted to high external input models focused on monocropping, increased chemical usage, and irrigated farming over rainfed.
2) Economic policies have led to decreasing subsidies, rising input costs, and non-remunerative prices paid to farmers.
3) Farmers have lost access to productive resources as land and water are increasingly alienated, tenant farming has risen, and seeds have become proprietary technologies.
4) These changes have negatively impacted farmers' incomes and livelihoods as costs rise and returns fall, leading to indebtedness and poverty among large portions of rural populations.
Crop protection crop protection management in brazil macadamia production -...MacadamiaSociety
Leonardo Moriya presented on crop protection management in Brazil macadamia production at the 6th International Macadamia Symposium. He discussed case studies of the Vaversa and Firma farms that showed improved productivity after implementing better crop protection strategies. These included establishing nutrition and pest monitoring programs, staff training, pruning, and applying micronutrients and amino acids. Common pests in Brazil like aphids, thrips, plant hoppers, mites, stink bugs, and borers were identified along with their damage and control methods. Both farms saw increases in tonnage and productivity per hectare after implementing these integrated pest management practices.
The document discusses the erosion of agro-biodiversity in India due to modern agriculture practices. It analyzes the impact on crops like paddy and cotton through two case studies. India once had a wide diversity of crop varieties and livestock breeds but green revolution prioritized high-yielding varieties of rice, wheat and cotton, replacing many local varieties. This has led to genetic erosion and increased vulnerabilities. The document advocates for more sustainable agriculture that protects diversity.
This document summarizes the challenges facing the Central American coffee sector. It discusses declining coffee prices paid to growers in nominal and real terms over time. It also examines rising production costs for farmers in Central America due to increasing costs of fertilizers, labor, and other inputs. The document concludes that under-investment on farms threatens the long-term sustainability of the coffee industry from economic, social, and environmental standpoints. Key areas for addressing this include improving productivity and focusing on higher value chain approaches to increase on-farm income.
This document discusses conservation agriculture and agroforestry practices that incorporate trees. It provides examples from several African countries of how using trees such as Faidherbia albida has increased maize yields, improved soil fertility, and transformed agricultural landscapes. National programs in countries like Malawi, Niger, and Kenya aim to increase tree cover on farms through agroforestry in order to boost food security and restore degraded lands. [/SUMMARY]
Towards sustainable & productive farming systems for Africa: experiences and ...ACIAR
Towards sustainable & productive farming systems for Africa: experiences and lessons from SIMLESA - Dr Mulugetta Mekuria, Senior Scientist, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and SIMLESA Project Leader
Desain Juara pertama sayembara -Akademi Tehnik Mesin Industri- ATMI Cikarangruang 17
The document discusses land conversion from agriculture to industry in Indonesia, specifically in the region of ATMI Cikarang. It notes that on average 750 hectares of agricultural land is converted to other uses per year. This results in the loss of 3,750 tons of annual rice production. The document explores balancing further development with maintaining agricultural production and proposes a model where industrial areas could host "Magersari" farmers, providing land and livelihoods for multiple families. Based on the existing number of companies and available space in the Jababeka industrial zone, this could benefit thousands of families.
Laurie Arthur, a rice farmer, is adapting their farm to climate change by exploring growing rice in Northern Australia to diversify from their southern farm that frequently experiences low water allocations. They have had some success trialling rice varieties in the Ord Valley in Northern Australia, which has higher security water rights. However, challenges remain in increasing yields, improving grain quality, and reducing costs to establish a viable northern rice industry at a large enough scale. The farmer aims to gradually expand rice production across both their northern and southern farms to manage climate change risks while not compromising the southern operation.
Distillers Grains Displacement Ratios for Corn Ethanol Life Cycle Analysis – ...arorasal
This document discusses distillers grains displacement ratios used for corn ethanol life cycle analysis and the limitations and uncertainties involved. It summarizes:
1) The projected increase in distillers grains production from the growing corn ethanol industry and consumption by various animal types both domestically and for exports.
2) The displacement ratios used to estimate what feed ingredients are replaced by distillers grains in different animal diets, though these ratios have uncertainties depending on future market developments and adoption of new technologies.
3) New corn ethanol processing technologies being developed that produce alternative coproducts like de-oiled distillers grains, corn oil, and corn gluten feed, along with estimates of their displacement ratios in
This document contains a summary of student survey responses about favorite games to play on PS3 or Xbox 360. It shows that Modern Warfare 3 (MW3) was the most popular choice, selected by 7 students. Fifa 12 was the second most popular at 4 students. Blackops and Modern Warfare 2 were each selected by 3 students. The bar graph provides a visual representation of the percentages of students who chose each game.
The real adoption of CA in the Lake Alaotra area after 10 years of diffusion....Joanna Hicks
After 10 years of promoting conservation agriculture (CA) in Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, this study aimed to accurately assess the real adoption of CA practices based on the FAO definition. The methodology distinguished real CA cropping areas from other systems through transect surveys, database analysis, and a cohort analysis of abandonment rates. The main results found that the actual area under CA in 2010 was 419 ha (estimated at 450 ha in 2011), adopted by 600-1000 farmers. Abandonment rates decreased from 60% after the first year to 10% after 5 years. Reasons for abandonment included land tenure issues, technical difficulties, and lack of investment funds. The study concludes that the first 3 years
Brazilian honey production is strong, with year-round crops across the country supported by floral diversity and resistant hybrid bee species. Brazil has over 350,000 beekeepers organized in cooperatives and producing honey without antibiotic residues. Exports of Brazilian honey have grown significantly over the past decade, reaching over $100 million USD annually, with key export markets in Spain, the UK, Germany, and NAFTA countries. The outlook for continued growth in Brazilian honey exports is positive.
Rice production in the cone of South America – what can we learn for GRiSP-Asia?CIAT
This document summarizes rice production in South America and lessons that can be applied to GRiSP-Asia. It describes an "Agronomy Revolution" in countries like Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina that has doubled rice yields through improved varieties and integrated management. Extension models focus farmer groups on benchmarking and continuous improvement. Key lessons for Asia include the benefits of rotations, certified seed, timely establishment, and herbicide-tolerant varieties with stewardship. Market demand for consistency and quality also presents opportunities for value addition. Areas for collaboration include weedy rice management, sustainability metrics, and yield gap analysis.
The document discusses improving soil fertility and nutrient management in developing countries. It covers topics such as world fertilizer consumption trends from 1961-2002, the role of fertilizers in the Green Revolution, impacts of fertilizers on soil organic matter and the environment, and challenges with nutrient management in different regions of Asia and Africa. In particular, it notes that while fertilizer use has increased crop production globally, Africa has seen less progress and still struggles with widespread phosphorus and micronutrient deficiencies in many countries.
Dr. Noel Williams - Feed efficiency potential for pigs and poultryJohn Blue
Feed efficiency potential for pigs and poultry - Dr. Noel Williams, Director Technical Services and Marketing, PIC, from the 2011 The Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2011, St Paul, MN, USA.
Similar to The Transformation of the Forest-Agricultural Mosaic of West Africa (20)
(1) IITA is the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, established in 1967 and headquartered in Ibadan, Nigeria with 21 stations in 30 countries. (2) IITA adopted DataCite DOIs in 2017 through the British Library Consortium to create a trusted institutional data repository meeting FAIR data principles. (3) IITA mints DOIs through an automatic Python script integrating with its Cassavabase database, and manually through its Fabrica portal, to increase data visibility, citation, and improve data management practices.
This document summarizes Samwel Muiruri Kariuki's research at IITA Kenya on inducing early flowering in cassava. The document discusses two methods: using LED light supplementation to induce flowering within 4 months, compared to 10 months without light; and developing a CMV-inducible CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit cassava genes in a virus-activated manner. Preliminary results show light supplementation significantly increased the number of flowering plants compared to the control. The researcher is working to assemble constructs using a CMV promoter to drive Cas9 expression and test them in Nicotiana benthamiana transformations. The goal is to create a virus-inducible gene editing system for cassava.
The document discusses methods for producing yam mother plants and cuttings for propagation. It describes selecting healthy mother plants with balanced nutrient content and avoiding nitrogen fertilizer before taking cuttings. Cuttings should contain a node, leaf, and stem pieces and be treated with fungicide before planting. With good management, cuttings can root within 10 days without hormones.
The document discusses conserving the Ibadan Malimbe, an endemic bird species found only in Nigeria that is endangered. It describes the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture's (IITA) efforts to conserve the species, which include hosting an Important Bird Area, monitoring the bird population, restoring habitat, and raising awareness. IITA's research has found declining numbers of Ibadan Malimbe due to forest isolation, clearance for agriculture and development, competition with other species, and increased nest destruction, threatening the estimated 2,500 remaining individuals.
This document summarizes a study on identifying the preferences of cassava product ("gari") end users in Benue State, Nigeria. The study found that farmers preferred cassava varieties with heavy, long roots that are not rotten or woody, while processors preferred varieties with white, dry peeled roots and less water in the mash. Marketers and consumers preferred gari that is shiny, dry, heavy, sweet with no lumps or smooth and white in color. The preferences identified will help breeders develop new cassava varieties that meet the needs of all end users.
The document discusses a study on the perception of quality in yam landraces among value chain actors in yam producing areas of Nigeria. It finds that Faketsa, Igum, Opoko, and Ushu are the most commonly cultivated varieties for pounded yam and yam flour production. Yam flour is typically processed from fresh yams through washing, peeling, cutting, drying, and grinding. Smoothness and mouldability are key factors in accepting pounded yam and yam fufu. The study recommends further research on Faketsa's qualities for pounded yam and yam flour to aid variety selection for these products.
1. The study evaluated the quality attributes of cookies flavored with Aidan (Tetrapleura tetraptera) as a substitute for vanilla. 2. Results showed that increasing the substitution level of Aidan for vanilla increased proximate nutrients but decreased carbohydrates and energy. 3. Cookies with 75% Aidan substitution had similar taste and crispness to the 100% vanilla cookie but were most acceptable overall to consumers.
This document reports on a study that analyzed the chemical, functional, and pasting properties of flours produced from four varieties of unripe plantain. The objectives were to determine the chemical composition, functional properties, pasting properties, and color parameters of the different plantain flours. Materials and methods included obtaining four varieties of plantain, producing the flours using various processing steps, and analyzing the flours for moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, starch, sugar, minerals, functional properties using various tests, pasting properties using a rapid visco analyzer, and color parameters. The results showed differences between varieties in the measured properties, with some varieties having higher nutritional or functional qualities. The conclusions were that the
The document studied the effect of different drying methods on the carotenoid content of yellow maize varieties. It found that air drying maize grains under shade at 20°C was the most effective method for retaining carotenoids, as it exposed the grains to milder environmental conditions compared to sun drying and oven drying. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in carotenoid levels between drying methods and maize varieties. Air drying was recommended over other methods to preserve high pro-vitamin A content in maize grains.
This document summarizes a survey of dried plantain chip processors in Ondo State, Nigeria. It describes the background and methods used in the survey. Key findings include that most processors are women between the ages of 25-40 who view chip processing as difficult work. Common challenges included the time-consuming nature, pest infestation during storage, and weather issues during drying. The conclusion recommends addressing animal contamination during drying and limiting the use of toxic preservatives to improve product quality and safety.
The document examines the effect of crop diversification on food and nutrition security among smallholder farming households in Nigeria. It analyzes data from the 2015 Nigerian General Household Survey on 2,041 households. It finds that crop diversification has a positive impact on dietary diversity, increasing it by 10.9%, but negatively impacts subjective food security. However, households with greater crop diversification had a 53.8% higher likelihood of being food secure. The study thus concludes that while crop diversification improves nutrition, broader support is still needed for farming households to ensure food security.
The document summarizes a study on the apparent retention of carotenoids in ogi flour made from different provitamin A maize genotypes. It finds that PVA SYN HGBC0 showed the highest carotenoid and provitamin A retention after processing ogi flour, making it the best genotype studied for producing nutritious ogi. The study aims to establish how processing affects carotenoid levels in ogi, an important food in Nigeria, to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in children.
The document assessed the level of consumption of pro-vitamin A cassava products among rural households in Nigeria. It found low levels of consumption of products like tapioca, flakes, and vitamin-fortified baked goods. Consumption varied by state, with Akwa Ibom having the highest levels. It recommends increasing production of value-added products and nutritional education campaigns to boost consumption and reduce vitamin A deficiency.
Professor Janice Olawoye had a 38-year career as a Professor of Rural Sociology at the University of Ibadan, where she served in various administrative roles including Head of Department and Dean. She supervised 30 PhDs and many other students and published over 70 papers. Professor Olawoye also consulted for international development organizations and worked with IITA on workshops, advisory boards, and fellowship programs. She is married with four sons and six grandchildren.
inqaba Biotec is Africa's leading genomics company that aims to catalyze Africa's prosperity through genomics. It offers core services including oligonucleotide synthesis, DNA sequencing using ABI3130XL, ABI3500XL, and Illumina MiSeq platforms, SNP genotyping, bioinformatics, and molecular diagnostic solutions. inqaba Biotec works to address challenges African researchers face regarding logistics, technical know-how, cost, and support through its partnerships and local services. Its vision is to remain a leading genomics company in Africa.
Janice E. Olawoye presented on adaptation to climate change and indigenous and formal mitigation strategies. She discussed how climate change negatively impacts people through changes in weather patterns, threats to food security and health. Indigenous communities have adapted through practices like multiple cropping and migration. However, increased frequency and intensity of climate events requires more formal strategies like afforestation, drought-resistant crops, and early warning systems. Adaptation is needed to support livelihoods as traditional strategies are no longer sufficient. Gender must also be considered in climate policies and projects to address women's increased burdens. Individual actions like conserving resources and research can contribute to addressing this challenge.
The document discusses managing climate-driven biological risks through a One Health approach. It outlines strategies such as developing early warning and rapid response systems through a farmer interface app connected to pest forecasting tools. The document also discusses building capacity, especially among youth, on modeling species distributions under climate change scenarios. Climate change is expected to impact insect distributions and life cycles, threatening food security. An integrated approach considering human, animal, and ecosystem health is needed to address emerging risks.
More from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (20)
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
The Transformation of the Forest-Agricultural Mosaic of West Africa
1. An Ex Ante Evaluation of the STCP Strategy for
The Transformation of the
Forest-Agricultural Mosaic
of West Africa
James Gockowski
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
Ibadan, Nigeria
May 21, 2009
2. Structure of the Presentation
An Overview of Cocoa-based Agricultural
Systems
Stylized Rural Transformation
Operationalizing Cameroon’s Plan
d’Urgence
An Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of
Cameroon’s Plan d’Urgence
Concluding Remarks
3. Cocoa-based Agricultural Systems
Over 2 million households produce cocoa in
the humid lowlands of Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana,
Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo, Liberia, Sierra
Leone, Guinea, Eq. Guinea and Sao Tome.
Majority of producers are smallholders who
also produce cassava, plantain, palm oil, and
robusta coffee among other crops.
4. The relative importance of cocoa
Farmgate Value of Output (USD$ Billion) in Cocoa Belt, 2005
other
The relative value share of cocoa in the cocoa
industrial
vegetables, crops, $0.3
belt economy is dwarfed by the value shares of
$0.9
cocoa, $1.5
staple crops.
fruits, $1.8
Cocoa accounts
for approximately
12% of the $13 staple crops,
$8.5
billion estimated
value of total
output
4/13/2011 4
FAOSTAT
5. Cassava, plantains and yams of
equal or greater economic
significance.
cassava
Commodity
plantains
yams and cocoyams
cocoa
- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
Farmgate Value (millions $USD 2005)
FAOSTAT
6. Cocoa yields, farm size, and production
Small farms have higher yields
Large farms have higher outputs
50%
500
45%
450
Percent of total production
400
40%
cocoa yield (kg/ha)
350
35%
300
30%
250
25%
200
20%
150
15%
100
10%50
5% 0
small < 2 ha small med 2 to med large 3.8 large > 6.2 ha
0% 3.7 ha to 6.2 ha
< 2 ha 2 to 3.7 ha 3.8 to 6.2 ha > 6.2 ha
7. Cocoa yields, farm size, and production
Who should we target if economic growth is the
objective ?
Yield Quartiles
I II III IV
< 120 120 to 226 227 to 426 >426
I < 2 ha 0% 1% 2% 7%
quartile
II 2 to 3.7 1% 2% 4% 11%
Size
III 3.8 to 6.2 2% 4% 6% 13%
IV > 6.2 ha 6% 9% 13% 21%
Only 4% of producers were in the upper quartiles of
both yield and size, but they accounted for 21% of
output
Source: 2002 STCP Baseline Survey
8. Technology stagnation and the environment
Agricultural expansion is the most significant
proximate cause of deforestation in West
Africa
Only 17% of the Guinea Rainforest remains
according to GLC 2000.
Production of cocoa, cassava and plantain have
all grown by 4% p.a.
Area expansion—3% p.a.
Yield growth—1% p.a.
9. Since 1988 a 56,300 sq km increase in area harvested
in Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire
140,000
AREA HARVESTED (SQ KM)
120,000
100,000
80,000 By comparison, GLC Plantains
2000 estimated that
Cocoa
remaining closed
60,000 canopy forest was Cassava
95,000 sq. km in 2000
40,000
20,000
0
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
YEAR
Source: FAOSTAT 2008
11. Stylized Rural Transformation
Traditional cocoa food
Commercial sector Marginal cocoa land
crop sector and labor previously
Greater Market Strong
SR4. Policies
Cocoa producers below employed in cocoa
Reliance judicary,
& Institutions
median output account and now available
contract
for investments in
for only 15% of output Input Declining price of enforce-
other activities
policy, cocoa. ment
Low productivity trade
growth (1-2%) policy, High productivity
land growth (4 - 6%)
2 million producers
tenure,
Declining numbers of Investments in
High transaction costs rural
credit producers—1 million? Other Commodities
per unit sold and Enterprises
Economies of scale
Low transaction
SR4. Policies & Institutional PublicPolicies
costs per unit sold SR4.
arrangements expenditure
& Institutions
& tax Growth in new
policy
Productivity-enhancing agricultural and
innovations non agricultural
Marketing and Processing enterprises
Innovations along Value Chain
Research & extension
policy
12. Cameroon’s Plan d’Urgence
Since 2006, Cameroon has been implementing
the Development Strategy for the Rural Sector
with a 7.5% growth target in agricultural
output.
In June of 2008 MINADER’s Plan d’Urgence
proposed an acceleration of growth to 26%
annually for three years
13. An intensification strategy
Farmer field school training,
Replanting of low productivity cocoa with
high yielding hybrid varieties,
Provision of improved plantain and cassava
planting materials,
Diagnostic soil testing and fertilizer use on
plantain and cocoa
Safe and rational pesticide use on cocoa.
Information kiosks
14. Three Investment Scenarios
Scenario I would achieve the 26% cocoa growth target through
interventions in 1,130 communities
28,256 cocoa farmers each replant one ha with disease-tolerant
IRAD/CRIG cocoa hybrids under 1 ha of intensified plantain
Plantain macro-propagation and boiling water sucker treatment
Field school training on replanting, ICPM, soil diagnostic testing
and fertilizer use.
Each community w/ 1 ha of improved cassava rapid multiplication
plot to plant 57,000 ha of improved cassava
Rural information kiosks operated by private sector input
suppliers, cocoa buying agents and cooperatives in partnership
with MINADER and IRAD.
15. Three Investment Scenarios
Scenario II and III are scaled back versions of
Scenario I applied to 704 and 100 cocoa
communities, respectively.
Addition to Aggregate Supply
Addition to Aggregate Supply
I I IIII Increase in
III
III
Technology----------------(% of agg tons)----------------
yield (t/ha)
----------------(000 supply)----------------
Cocoa hybrid plus fert
cocoa
Cocoa 49.4
26% 30.8
16% 1.10 2% 4.4
cocoa IPM
Plantain 292.7 182.3 0.22 25.9
Plantain 15% 9% 1%
clean plantain and fert
Cassava 259.9 162.1 10.40 23.1
Cassava 8% density 5% 1%
improved cassava at high 4.60
16. Estimated Scenario Costs
Scenario
Intervention I II III
-----------M FCFA-----------
Farmer training (cocoa replanting, IPM, intensified
plantain production) 1,413 880 125
Production and distribution of hybrid cocoa seed pods 5,195 267 38
Agricultural information kiosks 565 352 50
Cassava rapid multiplication plots 565 352 50
Plantain macro-propagation training 113 70 10
Subtotal 7,851 1,921 273
17. Structure of the model
Three demand equations
Cocoa d 5
Qco 1.122 E 17 P co
d 0.6 0.2
Plantain Q pl 17,850 P pl P
ca
d 0.24 0.4
Cassava
Qca 2,666 P pl P
ca
Three supply equations
Cocoa
Qco 12.36 Pco.4 Ppl.1Pca0.01
s 0 0
s 0.01 .49 0.04
Plantain Q pl 181.1 Pco P P
pl ca
s 0.01 0.05 0.3
Cassava Qca 1,365 Pco Ppl P
ca
18. Model simulation
Supply equations shifted horizontally by the given percentage
increase.
To model taxation on cocoa exports replace P in the cocoa
demand equation by P(1+v)
v = tax as a percentage of the supply price.
A new equilibrium is obtained by solving system of equations for
prices and quantities.
New values are compared with the 2007 base case values and the
gains to producers and consumers calculated.
19. Results-Investment Scenario I
Millions of CFA
50,000 46,141
40,000
Price of plantain falls by 23,000 FCFA t-1, output increases by
130,000 t not 293,000 t
30,000 26,848
20,000 15,505
14,563
Price of cassava falls by 8,000 FCFA t-1, output increases bygain
Producer
105,000 t not 260,000 T
10,000
Consumer gain
0
Cocoa export tax of 4.075% generates 7.8 billion FCFA to
cocoa plantains cassava
-10,000
cover public investments
-20,000 -16,950
-19,090
-30,000
20. Results-Investment Scenario II
Millions of CFA
35,000
30,542
30,000
Price
25,000 of plantain falls by 15,500 FCFA t-1, output increases by
83,000 t
20,000 17,740
15,000 12,591
Price of cassava falls by 5,000 FCFA t-1, output increases bygain
Producer
10,000 6,699
66,000 t
5,000
Consumer gain
Export tax of 1.02% generates 1.9 billion FCFA to cover public
0
-5,000 cocoa plantains cassava
investments
-10,000
-15,000 -12,573 -11,252
21. Results-Investment Scenario III
Millions of CFA
5,000 4,582
4,000
Price of plantain falls by 2,400 FCFA t-1, output increases by
3,000 2,684
12,000 t
1,819
2,000
Price of cassava falls by 800 FCFA t-1, output increases by gain
981 Producer
1,000
10,000 t Consumer gain
0
Export tax cocoa
-1,000
of 0.16% generates 0.3 billion cassava to cover public
plantains FCFA
investments
-2,000 -1,705
-1,885
-3,000
22. Discussion of results
Cameroon cocoa seed production capacity can only
replant about 2,500 ha annually; Scenario I would
require importing an estimated 172 million hybrid
seeds.
Scenario II would require a 7-fold increase in seed
garden capacity (i.e. to replant 5% of tree stock).
Funding the estimated public investments including
plantain and cassava only requires a small tax on
cocoa
23. Main conclusions
Integrating intensive plantain and cassava
production with cocoa replanting at scale
would have a major impact on national food
supplies.
Producers who adopt innovations, see net
gains in their revenues, producers who do not,
will see declines. Consumers see only net
gains.
24. Next steps
Train policy analysts in Primature in the use
and interpretation of the model
Work with relevant Ministries to develop rural
transformation strategy for cocoa belt of
Cameroon
Policy briefs