RED & WHITE LESIONS.pptx
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The document describes and classifies various oral lesions seen in clinical practice. It distinguishes between red and white lesions, and notes that white lesions have decreased vascularity and increased keratin production. It then discusses specific white oral lesions including white sponge nevus, keratosis associated with smoking, and oral lesions associated with Candida infections or HIV/AIDS. Finally, it provides an overview of different clinical presentations of oral lichen planus.
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This document provides a classification and overview of various white lesions that can occur in the oral cavity. It discusses hereditary white lesions including leukoedema and white sponge nevus. It also covers reactive/inflammatory lesions such as linea alba and nicotine stomatitis. Infectious lesions including oral candidiasis are described along with idiopathic leukoplakia and erythroplakia. Treatment options are provided for many of the conditions.
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Common, Inflammatory hyperplasia. Non-neoplastic.
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Mr. Ayaz Baig, a 25-year-old male, presented with a chief complaint of restricted mouth opening and burning sensation in the mouth when consuming spicy foods for the past 1-2 months. On examination, fibrous bands were seen bilaterally on the buccal mucosa, mouth opening was limited to 15mm, and pit and fissure caries were detected. A provisional diagnosis of stage III oral submucous fibrosis bilaterally was made. The treatment plan included stopping tobacco use, nutritional supplements and intralesional injections to reduce inflammation, followed by restorative treatment and regular follow ups.
Amelogeneis Imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting enamel formation. There are three main types - hypoplastic (thin enamel), hypomaturation (improperly mineralized enamel), and hypocalcified (soft enamel). It is caused by defects during the three stages of enamel development: matrix formation, mineralization, and maturation. The condition has various inheritance patterns and clinical presentations depending on the genetic subtype. Treatment aims to restore aesthetics, sensitivity, and function and depends on the severity of enamel defects in each case.
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This document provides an overview of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), including its definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and histopathology. OSF is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the submucosal tissues caused by chewing areca nut. It predominantly affects people from South Asia and is associated with significantly increased risk of oral cancer. The areca nut alkaloid arecoline is the main causative agent, inducing fibrosis through oxidative damage, upregulation of growth factors and cytokines, and inhibition of collagen degradation. Clinically, OSF presents with burning sensation and scarring that results in restricted mouth opening and tongue movement.
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This document provides an overview of mixed dentition and orthodontic appliances used during this period. Mixed dentition refers to the stage when primary teeth are being replaced by permanent teeth, between ages 6-13 years. Common orthodontic problems in mixed dentition include increased overjet and open bite. Functional appliances discussed include oral screens, lip bumpers, activators, and Frankel's regulator. Other appliances mentioned are space maintainers, tongue blades for crossbite correction, and space regainers. The document outlines the principles, advantages, limitations and indications for different appliances used in intercepting and correcting malocclusions during mixed dentition.
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This document provides a classification and overview of various white lesions that can occur in the oral cavity. It discusses hereditary white lesions including leukoedema and white sponge nevus. It also covers reactive/inflammatory lesions such as linea alba and nicotine stomatitis. Infectious lesions including oral candidiasis are described along with idiopathic leukoplakia and erythroplakia. Treatment options are provided for many of the conditions.
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Mr. Ayaz Baig, a 25-year-old male, presented with a chief complaint of restricted mouth opening and burning sensation in the mouth when consuming spicy foods for the past 1-2 months. On examination, fibrous bands were seen bilaterally on the buccal mucosa, mouth opening was limited to 15mm, and pit and fissure caries were detected. A provisional diagnosis of stage III oral submucous fibrosis bilaterally was made. The treatment plan included stopping tobacco use, nutritional supplements and intralesional injections to reduce inflammation, followed by restorative treatment and regular follow ups.
Amelogeneis Imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder affecting enamel formation. There are three main types - hypoplastic (thin enamel), hypomaturation (improperly mineralized enamel), and hypocalcified (soft enamel). It is caused by defects during the three stages of enamel development: matrix formation, mineralization, and maturation. The condition has various inheritance patterns and clinical presentations depending on the genetic subtype. Treatment aims to restore aesthetics, sensitivity, and function and depends on the severity of enamel defects in each case.
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This document provides an overview of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), including its definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and histopathology. OSF is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the submucosal tissues caused by chewing areca nut. It predominantly affects people from South Asia and is associated with significantly increased risk of oral cancer. The areca nut alkaloid arecoline is the main causative agent, inducing fibrosis through oxidative damage, upregulation of growth factors and cytokines, and inhibition of collagen degradation. Clinically, OSF presents with burning sensation and scarring that results in restricted mouth opening and tongue movement.
Oral screen and mixed dentition appliance
This document provides an overview of mixed dentition and orthodontic appliances used during this period. Mixed dentition refers to the stage when primary teeth are being replaced by permanent teeth, between ages 6-13 years. Common orthodontic problems in mixed dentition include increased overjet and open bite. Functional appliances discussed include oral screens, lip bumpers, activators, and Frankel's regulator. Other appliances mentioned are space maintainers, tongue blades for crossbite correction, and space regainers. The document outlines the principles, advantages, limitations and indications for different appliances used in intercepting and correcting malocclusions during mixed dentition.
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This document discusses the management of deep dental caries. It defines affected dentin as softened but not infected, while infected dentin is both softened and contaminated with bacteria. Various treatment modalities are described depending on whether the pulp is exposed and vital or non-vital. Factors like remaining dentin thickness and choice of restorative material influence pulpal response and reactionary dentin deposition. Materials used for pulp capping include calcium hydroxide, MTA, Biodentine and glass ionomer cements. Indirect and direct pulp capping techniques are also outlined.
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The document discusses the classification of odontogenic cysts. It describes several classification systems proposed over time, including Robinson's classification from 1945, Thoma-Robinson-Bernier classification from 1960, Pindborg and Kramer's classification from 1971, and the WHO classification from 1971 and its update in 1992. The WHO classifications categorize cysts as developmental or inflammatory, and further divide developmental cysts into odontogenic and non-odontogenic types. Shafer's classification also categorizes cysts based on etiology as developmental or inflammatory, and further divides them based on the tissue of origin.
Extraoral examination
1. Extraoral examination involves visual examination of the face, jaw, and lymph nodes to assess facial symmetry, lip seal, the temporomandibular joint, and profile.
2. Examination of the lymph nodes helps evaluate for enlargement which can suggest underlying pathology, while examination of the temporomandibular joint assesses sounds and tenderness that may indicate internal abnormalities.
3. Assessment of the facial profile and lip seal can help identify malocclusions and large masses that may be present intraorally.
Periodontal dressings
Periodontal dressings are materials placed over wounds created by periodontal surgery. They protect the wound, help maintain close adaptation of tissue flaps, and provide patient comfort by preventing bleeding and excessive tissue growth. Effective dressings are soft but become rigid, have a smooth surface to prevent irritation, and preferably have antibacterial properties. Common types include zinc oxide eugenol packs and non-eugenol packs. Dressings are typically kept in place for one week following surgery.
White Lesions
The presentation explain white lesions in oral cavity and the classification the demonstrate the etiology, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment for each one.
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MTA is a biocompatible material introduced in 1993 as a repair material with properties like sealing ability, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial effects. It has applications in pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, root-end fillings, and repair of root perforations. MTA sets into a hard material with high pH and promotes mineralized tissue formation. It has advantages over calcium hydroxide in applications requiring hard tissue barriers.
Oral screen
The oral screen is a removable orthodontic appliance introduced in 1912 used to correct conditions like thumb sucking and mouth breathing. It works by concentrating pressure from the lips and cheeks on proclined front teeth near the incisal edges. It also prevents forces from the perioral muscles from acting on the back teeth, allowing for arch expansion. Variations include the vestibular screen, which extends into the vestibule without touching teeth, and the double oral screen for eliminating multiple issues. Small holes may be added initially if needed for breathing and gradually reduced in size.
Oral Lichen Planus
This document summarizes the medical history, examination findings, diagnosis, and treatment plan for a 42-year-old Filipino female patient presenting with carious teeth. The patient has a history of rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, and inflammatory lymphadenitis. Clinical examination revealed a pigmented lesion on the buccal mucosa consistent with oral lichen planus. Laboratory tests were within normal limits. The patient was diagnosed with asymptomatic oral lichen planus and prescribed topical corticosteroids with follow up every 6 months to 1 year.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
This document provides information on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), including its definition, history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and staging classifications. OSMF is a chronic disease affecting the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the lamina propria. Chewing betel quid and areca nut releases alkaloids and tannins that cause irritation and inflammation, activating fibroblasts and increasing production and cross-linking of collagen over time, resulting in stiffness and inability to open the mouth. OSMF is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with oral cancer. Staging systems describe progression from initial symptoms to trismus and possible malignancy
Vesiculobullous
This document describes vesiculo-bullous lesions, which present clinically as vesicles or bullae that often rupture early, appearing as ulcerated or erosive areas. Some key points:
- Vesicles are fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm, while bullae contain fluid and are over 1 cm.
- Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmunity, and genetic factors.
- Examples described include herpes simplex infection, varicella zoster infection, and hand foot and mouth disease. Clinical features, pathogenesis, management are provided for each. Classification is discussed based on acute vs chronic presentation, clinical presentation, and histopathological location.
Leukoplakia case presentation
Leukoplakia can be defined as a “white patch” or “plaque” in the oral cavity, which cannot be scrapped off and which cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.
This excludes lesions such as lichen planus, candidiasis, leukoedema, white spongy nevus, and obvious frictional keratosis.
The term leukoplakia should be used to recognise white plaques of questionable risk having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no risk for cancer-WHO 2005.
ANUG
This document discusses Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth. It defines NUG as a microbial disease of the gingiva caused by an impaired host response. Key clinical features include necrosis of gingival tissue and pain. Diagnosis is based on these clinical findings and microscopic examination. Management involves reducing the microbial load, removing necrotic tissue, treating any systemic conditions, and supportive periodontal therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but recurrence is possible without ongoing maintenance of oral hygiene.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and others
This document discusses several pathologies that can affect the jaws, including:
1. The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, which presents as a swelling in young patients around unerupted teeth and consists of epithelial cells and calcifications.
2. The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, which occurs in the mandible or maxilla as a radiolucent lesion containing radiopacities from calcification.
3. Odontomas, which are hamartomas containing dental tissues like enamel and dentin that appear as radiopaque masses and require conservative excision.
red and white lesions of oral cavity
This document discusses red and white lesions of the oral cavity, focusing on oral candidiasis. It describes the various types of oral candidiasis including pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic plaque-type, and median rhomboid glossitis. Predisposing factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment with antifungal medications or surgery, and prognosis are summarized for each type. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis may require long-term antifungal therapy or surgery due to risk of recurrence. Overall prognosis is generally good if predisposing factors can be addressed.
Management of traumatic lesions to primary dentition
This document discusses the management of traumatic injuries to primary teeth. It covers the etiology, epidemiology, classification systems, examination process, and various types of injuries including their treatment and potential sequelae. The types of injuries discussed include enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxation injuries, alveolar fractures, and avulsion. Treatment depends on factors such as the child's age, tooth development, and severity of injury. The goal is often to preserve the primary tooth and its function until exfoliation when possible.
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This document discusses various storage media options for avulsed teeth. It begins by explaining the need for storage media when immediate replantation is not possible after tooth avulsion. An ideal storage medium should preserve periodontal ligament cell viability, promote mitogenicity, be non-toxic, and maintain functional cell capabilities. The document then classifies and describes the characteristics and effectiveness of numerous natural and synthetic storage media options, including milk, coconut water, green tea extract, and Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. It provides time limits for how long each medium can effectively store an avulsed tooth.
Gingival De-Pigmentation
Melanin is the primary pigment that causes gingival pigmentation. It is produced by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the gingiva. There are several causes of gingival pigmentation including medications like minocycline, genetic conditions like hemochromatosis, and environmental factors like smoking. Treatment options for aesthetic or medical reasons include surgical techniques using a scalpel, cryosurgery, or lasers to remove the pigmented layer. Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers have been effectively used for gingival depigmentation due to their affinity for melanin.
Chemical Plaque Control
This document discusses chemical plaque control agents. It begins by defining terms like antimicrobial agents, antiplaque agents, and antigingivitis agents. It describes ideal properties of antiplaque agents such as eliminating pathogens selectively and exhibiting substantivity. The document then examines various approaches to chemical plaque control like using antiadhesive, antimicrobial, plaque removal, and antipathogenic agents. Specific agents discussed in detail include chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, triclosan, and delmopinol. The modes of action, effectiveness, and potential side effects of different agents are summarized.
DMFT Index
The document discusses the DMF Teeth Indices used for assessing coronal caries. It defines the DMFT index as the sum of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled permanent teeth. It provides detailed criteria for classifying a tooth as decayed, missing, or filled based on the presence of cavitation, undermined enamel, softness, and other factors. Rules for recording DMFT are also outlined, such as only counting each tooth once and excluding primary teeth, unerupted teeth, and those missing due to trauma. Calculating DMFT involves summing the scores for individual patients and populations.
Microscopic features of gingiva
This document provides an overview of gingival epithelium, including its microscopic features, structural characteristics, defense mechanisms, and renewal process. It defines gingiva as the part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar process and surrounds tooth necks. Gingiva consists of three types: marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. The gingival epithelium contains keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes form the bulk of the epithelium and undergo continuous renewal, while melanocytes transfer melanin to keratinocytes. The degree of keratinization varies between oral mucosal sites.
White lesions ppt
This document discusses various types of red and white lesions that can occur in the oral mucosa. It describes hereditary lesions including leukodema, white sponge nevus, and hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis. It also covers reactive/inflammatory lesions such as frictional keratosis. Infectious lesions covered include oral hairy leukoplakia caused by Epstein-Barr virus and various forms of oral candidiasis. Idiopathic "true" leukoplakia and erythroplakia are also discussed. Treatment options are provided for many of the conditions.
White lesions(collection)
This document discusses and describes various white and red lesions that may occur in the oral cavity. It covers hereditary lesions such as leukodema, white spongy nevus, and Darrier's disease. Reactive and inflammatory lesions including frictional keratosis, lichen planus, and actinic keratosis are described. Infectious lesions like oral hairy leukoplakia and candidiasis are also summarized. Potentially premalignant lesions including idiopathic leukoplakia and erythroplakia are defined. The document provides details on diagnosing and distinguishing between these various white and red lesions seen in the mouth.
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This document discusses the management of deep dental caries. It defines affected dentin as softened but not infected, while infected dentin is both softened and contaminated with bacteria. Various treatment modalities are described depending on whether the pulp is exposed and vital or non-vital. Factors like remaining dentin thickness and choice of restorative material influence pulpal response and reactionary dentin deposition. Materials used for pulp capping include calcium hydroxide, MTA, Biodentine and glass ionomer cements. Indirect and direct pulp capping techniques are also outlined.
Classification of odontogenic cyst
The document discusses the classification of odontogenic cysts. It describes several classification systems proposed over time, including Robinson's classification from 1945, Thoma-Robinson-Bernier classification from 1960, Pindborg and Kramer's classification from 1971, and the WHO classification from 1971 and its update in 1992. The WHO classifications categorize cysts as developmental or inflammatory, and further divide developmental cysts into odontogenic and non-odontogenic types. Shafer's classification also categorizes cysts based on etiology as developmental or inflammatory, and further divides them based on the tissue of origin.
Extraoral examination
1. Extraoral examination involves visual examination of the face, jaw, and lymph nodes to assess facial symmetry, lip seal, the temporomandibular joint, and profile.
2. Examination of the lymph nodes helps evaluate for enlargement which can suggest underlying pathology, while examination of the temporomandibular joint assesses sounds and tenderness that may indicate internal abnormalities.
3. Assessment of the facial profile and lip seal can help identify malocclusions and large masses that may be present intraorally.
Periodontal dressings
Periodontal dressings are materials placed over wounds created by periodontal surgery. They protect the wound, help maintain close adaptation of tissue flaps, and provide patient comfort by preventing bleeding and excessive tissue growth. Effective dressings are soft but become rigid, have a smooth surface to prevent irritation, and preferably have antibacterial properties. Common types include zinc oxide eugenol packs and non-eugenol packs. Dressings are typically kept in place for one week following surgery.
White Lesions
The presentation explain white lesions in oral cavity and the classification the demonstrate the etiology, histopathology, diagnosis and treatment for each one.
MTA
MTA is a biocompatible material introduced in 1993 as a repair material with properties like sealing ability, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial effects. It has applications in pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, root-end fillings, and repair of root perforations. MTA sets into a hard material with high pH and promotes mineralized tissue formation. It has advantages over calcium hydroxide in applications requiring hard tissue barriers.
Oral screen
The oral screen is a removable orthodontic appliance introduced in 1912 used to correct conditions like thumb sucking and mouth breathing. It works by concentrating pressure from the lips and cheeks on proclined front teeth near the incisal edges. It also prevents forces from the perioral muscles from acting on the back teeth, allowing for arch expansion. Variations include the vestibular screen, which extends into the vestibule without touching teeth, and the double oral screen for eliminating multiple issues. Small holes may be added initially if needed for breathing and gradually reduced in size.
Oral Lichen Planus
This document summarizes the medical history, examination findings, diagnosis, and treatment plan for a 42-year-old Filipino female patient presenting with carious teeth. The patient has a history of rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, and inflammatory lymphadenitis. Clinical examination revealed a pigmented lesion on the buccal mucosa consistent with oral lichen planus. Laboratory tests were within normal limits. The patient was diagnosed with asymptomatic oral lichen planus and prescribed topical corticosteroids with follow up every 6 months to 1 year.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
This document provides information on oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), including its definition, history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and staging classifications. OSMF is a chronic disease affecting the oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by juxtaepithelial inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the lamina propria. Chewing betel quid and areca nut releases alkaloids and tannins that cause irritation and inflammation, activating fibroblasts and increasing production and cross-linking of collagen over time, resulting in stiffness and inability to open the mouth. OSMF is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with oral cancer. Staging systems describe progression from initial symptoms to trismus and possible malignancy
Vesiculobullous
This document describes vesiculo-bullous lesions, which present clinically as vesicles or bullae that often rupture early, appearing as ulcerated or erosive areas. Some key points:
- Vesicles are fluid-filled lesions less than 1 cm, while bullae contain fluid and are over 1 cm.
- Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmunity, and genetic factors.
- Examples described include herpes simplex infection, varicella zoster infection, and hand foot and mouth disease. Clinical features, pathogenesis, management are provided for each. Classification is discussed based on acute vs chronic presentation, clinical presentation, and histopathological location.
Leukoplakia case presentation
Leukoplakia can be defined as a “white patch” or “plaque” in the oral cavity, which cannot be scrapped off and which cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.
This excludes lesions such as lichen planus, candidiasis, leukoedema, white spongy nevus, and obvious frictional keratosis.
The term leukoplakia should be used to recognise white plaques of questionable risk having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no risk for cancer-WHO 2005.
ANUG
This document discusses Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth. It defines NUG as a microbial disease of the gingiva caused by an impaired host response. Key clinical features include necrosis of gingival tissue and pain. Diagnosis is based on these clinical findings and microscopic examination. Management involves reducing the microbial load, removing necrotic tissue, treating any systemic conditions, and supportive periodontal therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but recurrence is possible without ongoing maintenance of oral hygiene.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and others
This document discusses several pathologies that can affect the jaws, including:
1. The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, which presents as a swelling in young patients around unerupted teeth and consists of epithelial cells and calcifications.
2. The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, which occurs in the mandible or maxilla as a radiolucent lesion containing radiopacities from calcification.
3. Odontomas, which are hamartomas containing dental tissues like enamel and dentin that appear as radiopaque masses and require conservative excision.
red and white lesions of oral cavity
This document discusses red and white lesions of the oral cavity, focusing on oral candidiasis. It describes the various types of oral candidiasis including pseudomembranous, erythematous, chronic plaque-type, and median rhomboid glossitis. Predisposing factors, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment with antifungal medications or surgery, and prognosis are summarized for each type. Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis may require long-term antifungal therapy or surgery due to risk of recurrence. Overall prognosis is generally good if predisposing factors can be addressed.
Management of traumatic lesions to primary dentition
This document discusses the management of traumatic injuries to primary teeth. It covers the etiology, epidemiology, classification systems, examination process, and various types of injuries including their treatment and potential sequelae. The types of injuries discussed include enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxation injuries, alveolar fractures, and avulsion. Treatment depends on factors such as the child's age, tooth development, and severity of injury. The goal is often to preserve the primary tooth and its function until exfoliation when possible.
storage media or avulsion media review
This document discusses various storage media options for avulsed teeth. It begins by explaining the need for storage media when immediate replantation is not possible after tooth avulsion. An ideal storage medium should preserve periodontal ligament cell viability, promote mitogenicity, be non-toxic, and maintain functional cell capabilities. The document then classifies and describes the characteristics and effectiveness of numerous natural and synthetic storage media options, including milk, coconut water, green tea extract, and Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. It provides time limits for how long each medium can effectively store an avulsed tooth.
Gingival De-Pigmentation
Melanin is the primary pigment that causes gingival pigmentation. It is produced by melanocytes located in the basal layer of the gingiva. There are several causes of gingival pigmentation including medications like minocycline, genetic conditions like hemochromatosis, and environmental factors like smoking. Treatment options for aesthetic or medical reasons include surgical techniques using a scalpel, cryosurgery, or lasers to remove the pigmented layer. Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers have been effectively used for gingival depigmentation due to their affinity for melanin.
Chemical Plaque Control
This document discusses chemical plaque control agents. It begins by defining terms like antimicrobial agents, antiplaque agents, and antigingivitis agents. It describes ideal properties of antiplaque agents such as eliminating pathogens selectively and exhibiting substantivity. The document then examines various approaches to chemical plaque control like using antiadhesive, antimicrobial, plaque removal, and antipathogenic agents. Specific agents discussed in detail include chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, triclosan, and delmopinol. The modes of action, effectiveness, and potential side effects of different agents are summarized.
DMFT Index
The document discusses the DMF Teeth Indices used for assessing coronal caries. It defines the DMFT index as the sum of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled permanent teeth. It provides detailed criteria for classifying a tooth as decayed, missing, or filled based on the presence of cavitation, undermined enamel, softness, and other factors. Rules for recording DMFT are also outlined, such as only counting each tooth once and excluding primary teeth, unerupted teeth, and those missing due to trauma. Calculating DMFT involves summing the scores for individual patients and populations.
Microscopic features of gingiva
This document provides an overview of gingival epithelium, including its microscopic features, structural characteristics, defense mechanisms, and renewal process. It defines gingiva as the part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar process and surrounds tooth necks. Gingiva consists of three types: marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. The gingival epithelium contains keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes form the bulk of the epithelium and undergo continuous renewal, while melanocytes transfer melanin to keratinocytes. The degree of keratinization varies between oral mucosal sites.
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This document discusses and describes various white and red lesions that may occur in the oral cavity. It covers hereditary lesions such as leukodema, white spongy nevus, and Darrier's disease. Reactive and inflammatory lesions including frictional keratosis, lichen planus, and actinic keratosis are described. Infectious lesions like oral hairy leukoplakia and candidiasis are also summarized. Potentially premalignant lesions including idiopathic leukoplakia and erythroplakia are defined. The document provides details on diagnosing and distinguishing between these various white and red lesions seen in the mouth.
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This document discusses various hereditary and reactive white lesions of the oral cavity. It describes conditions like leukoedema, white sponge nevus, and hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis. It also covers reactive lesions including linea alba, frictional keratosis, and actinic keratosis. Infectious lesions covered include oral hairy leukoplakia and different forms of oral candidiasis. Treatment typically involves removing any irritants for reactive lesions or using antifungal medications for infections. Biopsies are recommended for lesions that do not resolve after treatment.
Lesions of oral cavity
This document summarizes common lesions of the oral cavity, including ulcers caused by infections (viral like herpes, bacterial like Vincent's infection, fungal like candidiasis), immune disorders (aphthous ulcers, Behcet's syndrome), trauma, skin disorders (lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris), and submucous fibrosis caused by chewing areca nut. It describes the etiology, clinical features, and management of each condition. Major types of oral ulcers and lesions are infections, immune disorders, trauma, neoplasms, and skin disorders that may manifest in the oral cavity.
acute gingival infections
This document discusses acute gingival infections, including primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), and pericoronitis. NUG is characterized by necrosis and sloughing of gingival tissues due to an impaired host response allowing pathogenic bacteria to invade. Clinically, it presents with crater-like gingival ulcers, pseudomembranes, pain, and systemic symptoms. The etiology involves both specific bacteria like fusospirochetal complexes and an underlying host immunosuppression. Treatment focuses on improving nutrition, antibiotics, and palliative care. Differential diagnosis includes herpes, desquamative gingivitis,
Spongiotic dermatitis tinea
For more free medical powerpoints, visit www. medicaldump.com, Free updates everyday on all specialties including cardiology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology, etc.
White lesions of oral cavity
This document discusses common white lesions of the oral cavity that can be seen during examination. It describes several conditions that present as white or pale lesions including leukoedema, white sponge nevus, frictional keratosis, morsicatio mucosae oris, smokeless tobacco keratosis, nicotine stomatitis, leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, and chemical injuries of the oral mucosa. Differential diagnoses and clinical features of each condition are provided.
Primary oral ulcerative lesions new
This document discusses various oral ulcerative diseases including traumatic ulcers, aphthous stomatitis, Behcet's disease, viral infections, and bacterial infections. It provides details on the characteristics, causes, and clinical features of minor, major, and herpetiform aphthous ulcers, which are the most common oral mucosal lesions. Treatment options are also summarized for recurring aphthous ulcers, which primarily involve using mouthwashes to relieve pain and promote healing.
Oral mucosal ulceration
This document discusses normal variations in oral mucosal color and describes common white and red lesions seen in the oral cavity. It provides details on the clinical presentation, etiology, and treatment of various conditions including leukoplakia, lichen planus, oral candidiasis, actinic cheilitis, nicotine stomatitis, geographic tongue, and lupus erythematosus. Inherited white lesions like leukoedema and white sponge nevus are also summarized, with an emphasis placed on distinguishing benign lesions from premalignant disorders.
13 premalignant conditions_of_oral_cavity
This document discusses various oral diseases including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and candidiasis. It describes the characteristics, causes, and common sites of each disease. Treatment options are provided which include surgical excision of small lesions, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and antifungal medications depending on the specific condition. Risk factors that can contribute to oral diseases like betel nut and tobacco chewing and smoking are also presented.
Common Orofacial Syndromes in dentistry.pptx
This document discusses several genetic syndromes including their causes, clinical manifestations, and dental features. Ascher syndrome is characterized by a double lip, eyelid drooping, and non-toxic thyroid enlargement. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome involves overgrowth and can cause a large tongue, abdominal wall defects, and tumors. Cowden syndrome is linked to PTEN gene mutations and causes skin growths on the face and hands.
Non keratotic white lesions of the oral cavity
describes etiopathogenesis , clinical features , differential diagnosis and management of all important non-keratotic white lesions
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Introduction to Dental Anatomy.ppt
This document provides an introduction to dental anatomy and oral histology. It discusses the number and types of both deciduous and permanent teeth. The key parts of a tooth are described including the crown, root, cementum, dentin, enamel, and pulp. The normal eruption times for both deciduous and permanent teeth are outlined. Important anatomical landmarks found on teeth such as cusps, ridges, fossae, and grooves are defined. Finally, different tooth numbering systems including universal, Palmer, and FDI are explained.
rationale of endodontic treatment.pptx
The document discusses the rationale for endodontic treatment. It begins by explaining how endodontic pathology is caused by physical, chemical, or bacterial injury to the pulp, resulting in inflammatory and immune reactions. The goal of endodontic therapy is to completely debride the root canal system and achieve a three-dimensional seal during obturation. This prevents reinfection and aids healing of periapical tissues. The document covers various theories of infection spread, microorganisms involved, routes of entry, tissue changes, inflammatory responses, and the rationale behind nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments.
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This document summarizes various diseases of the dental pulp and periapical tissues. It describes diseases such as pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, periapical abscess, and osteomyelitis. Acute and chronic forms of each disease are discussed along with their etiology, clinical features, radiographic features, histopathological features, and treatment. Different types of pulpitis include reversible and irreversible, as well as closed and opened chronic pulpitis. Periapical diseases range from acute and chronic periapical periodontitis to periapical abscesses and cysts. Osteomyelitis can be acute, chronic suppurative, or chronic focal sclerosing. Garres oste
cleaningandshaping.pptx
1. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal involves removing debris and establishing a continuously tapering canal to allow for disinfection and filling.
2. There are various techniques for cleaning and shaping including step-back, crown-down, and balanced force, each aiming to optimize the mechanical, biological and clinical objectives.
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This document discusses factors to consider when selecting cases for endodontic treatment. It begins by introducing the importance of proper case selection to avoid treatment failures. Key considerations for case selection include assessing the need for the tooth, its restorability, periodontal health, and the clinician's ability to perform the necessary procedures. Factors associated specifically with teeth include indications for treatment, as well as contraindications like insufficient support, improper positioning, excessive calcification or abnormal canal morphology. Patient health factors that may impact treatment include medical history, physical status, and conditions requiring antibiotic prophylaxis like cardiovascular diseases. The document provides guidelines on evaluating these case selection factors to optimize endodontic treatment outcomes.
sealers.pptx
Root canal sealers are used to fill the space between the root canal filling material and the wall of the root canal. They help seal the root canal system to prevent reinfection. Dr. Ashwini M Patil is a Reader at Navodaya dental college in Raichur who has expertise in root canal sealers.
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Mercury toxicity can occur from exposure to mercury in various forms. Elemental mercury is a liquid metal that vaporizes at room temperature into an odorless gas. Inorganic mercury combines with other elements to form salts, while organic mercury combines with carbon. Dental amalgam used in fillings contains mercury. Exposure risks include inhalation of vapors during placement or removal of fillings. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that can cross the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological and developmental effects. Symptoms of toxicity depend on the level and route of exposure, ranging from rashes to kidney damage.
DFG.pptx
Direct filling gold is the oldest restorative material used in dentistry due to its biological and mechanical properties. It exists in various forms including gold foil, electrolytic precipitate, and powdered gold. Gold foil can be cohesive or non-cohesive depending on surface contaminants. Manipulation of direct gold restorations involves degassing to remove surface gases followed by compaction. It is primarily indicated for small, non-stress bearing cavities where esthetics are not a concern due to its biocompatibility and ability to be cold welded. Disadvantages include its color, potential for increased sensitivity, and difficulty of manipulation.
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Root resorption can be caused by various factors and occurs through a multistep process. It begins with injury to the protective layers of the root, followed by an inflammatory response and recruitment of cells like osteoclasts and odontoclasts that resorb the hard tissues. External root resorption includes types like surface resorption from trauma that typically repairs on its own without treatment. Diagnosis involves radiographs and other advanced imaging while the goal of treatment is to arrest the resorptive process.
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This document summarizes pulpal reactions to various restorative materials and dental procedures. It discusses how microbial, physical, and chemical irritants can damage the pulp, including through dental caries, operative procedures, trauma, and restorative materials. It also describes the pulp's defensive reactions like formation of reactionary dentin, reparative dentin, and inflammation. Treatment options for vital pulp like indirect pulp capping, direct pulp capping, and medicaments are outlined, with calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate highlighted as common capping materials that stimulate hard tissue formation.
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1. Periodontal diseases can damage the pulp through microbial, physical, or chemical irritants. Microbial irritants like dental caries or periodontal infections allow bacteria to enter the pulp. Physical irritants include operative procedures, trauma, orthodontic movements, and deep periodontal curettage. Chemical irritants involve dental materials and antibacterial agents.
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Air abrasion uses compressed air to propel aluminum oxide particles to remove tooth structure for restorations. It is a minimally invasive alternative to drills that causes little damage to sound tooth structures. Air abrasion works quickly without vibration, pressure, or heat compared to drills. It is well-suited for removing small areas of decay, repairing existing restorations, and preparing surfaces for bonding and sealants. Precautions include protecting the patient and dental team from abrasive particles and controlling the air pressure and distance from the tooth.
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Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin
About AOMA: The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin offers a masters-level graduate program in acupuncture and Oriental medicine, preparing its students for careers as skilled, professional practitioners. AOMA is known for its internationally recognized faculty, award-winning student clinical internship program, and herbal medicine program. Since its founding in 1993, AOMA has grown rapidly in size and reputation, drawing students from around the nation and faculty from around the world. AOMA also conducts more than 20,000 patient visits annually in its student and professional clinics. AOMA collaborates with Western healthcare institutions including the Seton Family of Hospitals, and gives back to the community through partnerships with nonprofit organizations and by providing free and reduced price treatments to people who cannot afford them. The Academy of Oriental Medicine at Austin is located at 2700 West Anderson Lane. AOMA also serves patients and retail customers at its south Austin location, 4701 West Gate Blvd. For more information see www.aoma.edu or call 512-492-303434.
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RED & WHITE LESIONS.pptx
- 3. Red lesions; increased vascularity, atrophy of the epithelium White lesions; Decreased vascularity, accumulation of intercellular fluid, Increased keratin production
- 5. Primary Secondary Candida associated lesions
- 7. Canons diseases Common in younger age group Excess of keratin production, most common in buccal mucosa.
- 9. Most common white lesion Commonly associate with erupting molar in retromolar area. Due to continuous friction or irritation .
- 12. Keratosis seen in the mucogingival area. Tobbaco associated lesion. White non scrappable lesion.
- 14. Also smokers palate, smokers melanosis. In reverse smokers. Due to contents and heat produced during smoking. small multiple pin point salivary gland opening in the hard palate.
- 16. Marker of the diseases activity in compromised pts. Low CD4 T lymphocyte counts. Lateral borders of tongue in palisaded fashion.
- 20. Denture stomatitis. Type I Type II Type III
- 28. RETICULAR OLP PAPULAR OLP PLAQUE LIKE OLP
- 29. BULLOUS OLP ERYTHEMATOUS / ATROPHIC OLP ULCERATIVE / EROSIVE OLP
- 35. THANK YOU