The document discusses the concept of double consciousness as proposed by W.E.B. Du Bois, which refers to the divided identity that African Americans may feel from not being able to fully combine their African heritage with their American identity. It argues that historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) can help address this issue by allowing students to further their education while gaining a better understanding of their history and bonding with other black students. The author decides to attend Virginia Union University, an HBCU, for these reasons. HBCUs emerged after the Civil War to educate African Americans and debate continued around the type of education they should receive.

1. RAIS-B
In Dr. Prosser's dissertation she asserts that any detailed analysis is a generalization because feelings
are highly changeable and unstable. She used what we learned about earlier in the semester; the
mixed method approach. She used qualitative data such as questionnaires and psychological
interview, but she also used qualitative data such as wishes, feeling tones, occupational preference.
In her introduction she begins doings critical things, that we have previously discussed in class. She
gives the reader an operational definition of segregation. Knowing how she defines segregation will
become crucial to understanding the validity of her study and being able to recreate it, if possible.
Dr. Prosser has defined segregation in her dissertation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is Conformity, individual near this stage tend to devalue black culture and people, while
simultaneously deny their own black identity. The second stage referred to as Dissonance contends
black individuals will exhibit anger, confusion or even ambivalence towards their socio–racial
identity. The third stage of RAIS–B is Immersion/Emersion this occurs as black people immerse
themselves in black culture. When black people get to this stage they tend to "idealize everything
that is considered to be part of Black culture and to denigrate everything considered part of White
culture" (Gilbert et al., page 112). The final stage is Internalization, which occurs when individuals
are committed to their socio–racial group. Gillet et al. contend that in their study of 154 HBCU
students, they found that while some students struggled with racial issues, it did not impair or affect
their psychological well–being. This is sharp contract to black students enrolled at Primarily white
schools, who faced racial stressors, which resulted in detrimental psychological consequences.
Gilbert et al. came to the same theory in 2006 that Dr. Prosser had in 1930; African American
students can be psychologically strengthened by an education environment consisting of African
American peer and
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3. Hbcus In Today's Society
I believe that HBCUs are still significant in today's society. Historically Black Colleges and
Universities gives us an example of how Black Americans can be successful, even as a minority to
white supremacy. They provide an important space for equality and rights that we have as blacks in
the United States. HBCUs have an important history behind and they shows us that blacks are
obligated of having an education and a successful future just as well as others. For most of the past
two centuries, African Americans were forced to attend segregated colleges, and HBCUs played an
important role during that period. Which was our foundation into our higher education. As a black
woman, I can feel more comfortable and significant, going to a HBCU than a predominantly white
college. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HBCUs are usually less expensive, which is a very important factor. It gives us an option and an
opportunity to receive an education for less of the costs. With that in mind, HBCUs also represent
twenty percent of African– Americans who have an undergraduate degree. This is more than enough
evidence to prove a HBCUs significance to black success. HBCUs provide leadership, an excellent
education, and a great foundation into our future. Some of the best colleges in the United States are
HBCUs such as Howard University or Spelman University. We have many examples for the
significance a HBCU can achieve. There are successful blacks such as Samuel L. Jackson who
attended Morehouse College, or Oprah Winfrey who attended Tennessee State University.
Going to a Historically Black College is important for me to attend because I want to carry on a
legacy. A HBCU is already inexpensive itself. If I go to a HBCU, my future children could have
more opportunities like scholarships and have a better higher
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5. Understanding the Black Power Movement
Introduction Understanding the Black Power Movement as it relates to the creation of Black or
African American study programs and departments is to recognize the efforts of radical student
activists on college campuses. The prevailing thought of the Black existence casted doubt on the
importance of Black/African studies at colleges and universities. Blacks, unfortunately, were
thought to not have a history, or at least one not worth examining, in the American existence and
even within world civilization. However, such as notion is baseless. In the tens of thousands of years
of civilization, Africans have witnessed and contributed to the productivity of the human existence.
The great salt and gold kingdoms of the Ghanaian and Malian Empires thrived long before the
Hapsburg and Bourbon dynasties rules Spain and France, respectively. Yet, the contributions of
those great African civilizations were often ignored in the historiography of early civilizations. Even
the contributions of the Ancient Egyptians have become part of the ensemble of the Greek and
Roman tragedy, removing Egypt from the history of Africa. The contributions of Black Americans
in the history of the United States were virtually absent prior to the creation of Black Study
programs and departments. The assumption of Black history was that it included the 300 plus years
of enslavement, the Civil War (where student are indoctrinated to believe that President Lincoln
intended on freeing Blacks) and then the more
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7. Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University
Alabama A&M is better known as Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. This is a
historically black university. Alabama A&M is located just a few miles from where the originally
was built in Normal AL. Its first president, Dr. William Hooper Council, an ex–slave, established
this university. In 1875 Alabama officials used the Morrill Act of 1862 that allowed state
government to establish schools for black teachers and students. Alabama A&M University was one
of seventeen new land–grant black institutions established under the Morrill Act. When the doors of
the school swung open in 1875 the name was Huntsville Normal School and was located in
downtown Huntsville, Alabama. The school consisted of only 61 students and 2 teachers. In 1878
the school developed an industrial education program, and due to the success of the program the
school petitioned to change its name to State Normal and Industrial School in Huntsville. The
Alabama Legislature approved their request and also rose the funding from 1,000 dollars to 4,000
dollars per year. Under the second Morrill Act in 1890, the university received government funded
land for the first time. Having this land allowed students to study agriculture and mechanical
studies. In 1896 the name was renamed the State Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes.
In 1919, institution became recognized as a junior college and was renamed again as the State
Agricultural and Mechanical Institute for Negros. After a whole 2
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9. Historically Black Colleges Research Paper
Paulina Bobb
Written Communication 102
Dionne Redding
28 February 2017
Historically Black College and Universities: Are they worth saving? The first historically black
college (HBCU) was the Cheyney University of Pennsylvania which opened its door to colored
youth in 1837. This institute was opened for the sole purpose of providing African American youth
with a substantial education. Cheyney was founded by a philanthropist by the name of Richard
Humphreys. He saw a need for the proper education of African American youth so the donated a
part of his land for the establishment of this institute. Humphreys' idea of an institution with the sole
purpose of educating youth of color start as one– tenth of his estate to what is now a list one–
hundred ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Money in the form of tuition, government funding, and personal donations allow institutions to fund
programs and ultimately make the college experience enjoyable to current as well as prospective
students. Historically black colleges lack both the government funding, personal donations which
makes it much harder for them to appeal to students. Due to lack of funding, many HBCUs are dated
facilities, lack scholarship opportunities and offer fewer programs for students looking to apply.
Many HBCUs have loss accreditation in a number of programs with contributes to the decline of
enrollment and furthermore a loss of potential revenue. However, regardless of the harsh reality
many of these colleges are facing, their impact on society and most importantly in the black
community is one that can not be refuted. Some of the country's most influential people are products
of an HBCU education. The question should not whether or not HBCUs should cease to exist but
instead how can the be fixed and brought back to
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11. Hbcu Disadvantages
HBCU's: A Dying Yet Necessary Experience The United States of America often forgets that
historically black colleges and universities were created out of necessity. It has only been a couple
of decades since African Americans have been allowed to get degrees from predominantly white
institutions. Millions of African Americans have given their blood, sweat, and tears in hopes of
gaining basic rights like education to their descendants. America has come a long way within the
past fifty years but there is still a disconnect when it comes to believing what the average African
American can accomplish as an individual. When it comes to historically black colleges and
universities there is still a stigma that the education is less rigorous and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In an effort to increase diversity in certain job fields and corporations, companies will primarily look
at historically black colleges and universities first. At a finance panel at Howard University's school
of business, a black MIT grad stated how her twin sister, who attended Howard, got more job offers
than she did. There is a misconception that historically black colleges and universities lack proper
training and job preparation. This most likely stems from people still believing that only white
people are capable of success or teaching other people success. HBCU's provide opportunity to
students who may not have been exposed to those opportunities' otherwise. Looking at graduation
rates at non HBCU's, black students at PWI's have a lower graduation rate compared to their white
counterparts(npr.org). When it comes to diversity most people assume diversity in color but there
are more ways for places to be diverse. There is a lack of diversity at PWI's when it comes to race,
culture, and most importantly socioeconomic
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13. Do The 's Better Prepare African American Students For...
Do HBCU's better prepare African American students for careers versus PWI's
Following the ending of the civil war where the southern states within America tried to
leave the union after slavery was abolished, many changes for African Americans were put in
place.(Cozzens) Of these changes was the creation of the freedmen 's bureau which served the
purpose of creating educational institutions for African Americans , this historically black
colleges and universities (HBCU's) were founded.(Purnell) Since then, the condition of African
Americans in America has changed, some progress has been made despite there being more
room for improvement. Within this tale of the African American striving for success in
livelihood in America one may bring up an important argument or inquiry; are historically black
colleges and universities better for African American students than predominantly white
institutions(PWI)? This essay will argue as well as compare and contrast if HBCU's are better
for African American students or PWI's. In modern times many college or university graduates
regardless of race struggle to find careers. If there is a general challenge in finding a career
following undergrad then one can infer that this struggle may affect African American graduates
differently. Although,Bachelor 's degrees carry the same weight the question whether HBCU's
better prepare black students for a post undergrad career opposed to PWI's still stands today.
Due to the
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15. Disadvantages Of Black Colleges
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) were established to serve the African
American community by providing them a higher education. Before HBCU's were established
blacks were denied a higher education because there were only white institutions. This organization
was established in the year of 1964. Most of the HBCUs were created after the Civil War. However
there were three colleges that were established before the Civil War Cheney University of
Pennsylvania, Lincoln University of Missouri, and Wilberforce University of Ohio. Now there are
107 historically black colleges and universities in the United States. Some of these black colleges
and universities are public but there are also some that are private.
Many HBCU's were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At some of the colleges you will find people who come from similar backgrounds and
circumstances and who have had simular cultural experinces. The professors will be there to help
nurture and guide you throughout your college education. Lastly , a major advantage is the cost of
tuition at HBCUs is much cheaper than other universities.
Historically Black Colleges are starting to have more white students than blacks in the schools.
When people hear about these types of universities they assume that only blacks attend the school.
In all actuality, the colleges allow any race to attend the schools.
The disadvatages of going to a HBCU is its environment. The blacks would be surronded by other
African Americans but in the real world poeple will not be the same race as them. It closes the
student network so they will only be able to work for black companies. Its limiting your carrer
basically. Students that attendened HBCUs say a degree from a HBCU will be undervalued by
prospective employers. Most say that the HBCUs all they do is party since its surrounded by black.
Im very intrested in going to a HBCU because it seems like it can be a lot of help and you want have
to struugle by
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17. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
Malik Hart
August 20, 2015
Research Paper
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was one of the most important activist in the early 20th century.
He was born February 23, 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1885 Du Bois came across
his first encounter with the Jim Crow laws. He went to Harvard to receive his masters and before
completing his masters he was offered an opportunity to study abroad in Berlin. Du Bois is known
for many of his accomplishments such as being one of the most important civil rights activist,
professor of sociology, historian, writer, and editor.
In 1884 Dubois mother passed away forcing him to find a job. The principal of his high school
helped him find a job in the local mill. In 1885 DuBois was given a scholarship to attended Fisk
University in Nashville, Tennessee, there is where he first encountered the Jim Crow law. In order
for him to get through school money wise, he had to help teach others in the more poor areas of
Tennessee during his summer breaks. The experience of the Jim Crow law which legalized
segregation between blacks and whites, is what caused him to want to become an activist.
In 1885 Dubois was in Berlin studying for two years and came back to the United States eager to
study African American history. Dubois attended Harvard to work hard on his paper for The
Suppression of the African Slave Trade. In 1895 Dubois was the first African American to graduate
from Harvard with a Ph.D. He began teaching at Clark
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19. Case Study: Historically Black College Universities
Historically Black College Universities (HBCU) have been attracting African American people for
years with their high quality education, great history, and amazing band. However, over time the
requirements have changed to attend. HBCU's are colleges that can relate to the african american
students, help them grow as individuals, and become more knowledgeable about their culture.
HBCU's are predominantly black schools, but in the recent years the schools have integrated. Now
that these schools are becoming more diverse, it gives the school no unique quality. HBCU's should
become a part of the state university system, due to the ways they are conforming to the ways of
other colleges. HBCU's were created to educate the descendants of formerly
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21. The Black Colleges And Universities Essay
"Double consciousness describes the individual sensation of feeling as though your identity is
divided into several parts, making it impossible to have one unified identity"(Understanding W.E.B
DuBois, n.d.). This proposal was brought forth by W.E.B Bois. He believed that African American's
were struggling with these repressed feelings of not knowing who they are; they could not combine
their African background with their now developed American identity. This concept was developed
in 1903, but is still very relevant today; one may be able to relate the relevance of Historically Black
Colleges and Universities (HBCU) to this theory/ conclusion. At a Historically Black College or
University, an individual has the ability to further their education. I decide to attend Virginia Union
University to gain a better understanding of my history, to bond with others within the black
community, and to profit from the HBCU experience. While attending a Virginia Union University, I
am able to further my education while gaining a better understanding of my history. HBCU's
emerged at the conclusion of the Civil War. The constant debate on the importance of educating
African Americans was at its peak. Whether it was industrial or liberal education, former slaves
knew that it was a vital skill to obtain. Although the government passed the Morrill Act in 1862,
providing each state with a facility for higher learning, African Americans were not able to attend
these white facilities. It was
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

23. Graduation Speech : A College Application And Writing An...
It is the start of the students' senior year in high school, where things are known to get real. That is
the time where they prepare to graduate as well as get ready for college. Filling out a college
application and writing an essay is the easy part, but deciding on whether to attend an HBCU or
PWI is where things get difficult. Many students in the generation of the 21st century know nothing
about the birth of an HBCU or PWI. Children now are making decisions based off of who is
attending where, and how well or bad the parties are. Not only does knowing the environment of the
college or University one chooses to attend important, but grasping a better understanding of the
emergence of the two should also be included. Predominantly White Institutions (PWI) is colleges
or Universities where the student populace is primarily White. Whereas Historically Black Colleges
and Universities (HBCUs) are higher education institutions specifically established to educate
African Americans. Although one can and will receive a degree within their major at either of the
two, it is better to be a part of a University where a person knows the birthplace, can personally
relate to, and most importantly feel comfortable. The dominant focus of this essay will be on the
discussion of statistics at both Predominantly White Institutions and Historically Black Colleges and
Universities. Predominantly White Institutions is the term used to describe the fundamentals of
higher learning in which
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

25. College Hunger Games ( Hbcus In A Fight For Success?
The job of college president is not made for just anyone. Though there are many characteristics
required to successfully adhere to a calling of this magnitude, I would insert impeccable leadership,
immense public stature, and the grit of a champion at the top of the list. More importantly, a college
president must desire to see a positive change made in the lives of the student body he or she serves.
According to Dr. Robert Birnbaum in How Academic Leadership Works (1992), he notes that,
"exemplary presidents are seen as both competent and as sensitive to the social and political
dynamics of their institutions" (pg. 97). If this is true, it is unfortunate that many college presidents,
especially the newly appointed ones at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), seem
to lack the tenure to prove how exemplary they can be. As we explore multiple cases of HBCUs
who have recently abandoned premature presidents, I will refer to The Journal of Blacks in Higher
Education article "Academic Hunger Games: HBCUs in a Fight for Survival", penned by former
Texas Southern University president, Dr. John M. Rudley. This journal article review considers
whether historical black colleges' presidents are truly given enough time in their position to address
ever–present issues, establish systematic changes, or if they can even ever prove to become
exemplary leaders and ultimately divert a failed presidency. Specifically, we will invert three
presidential derailment themes to
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27. Historically Black College Essay
Ever since I was young, I was exposed to a Historically Black College or University, Jackson State
University. I had always went to activities and functions such as football games, summer programs,
and other special events. I did not know whether I would attend a historically Black College or
University (HBCU) or not at the time. I had finally decided to go to a HBCU, and I would attend
Tougaloo College in the fall to further my education. I have many goals and objectives for pursing
my educational experience at a historically Black College, and I plan to achieve them. My first goal
and objective is to obtain a collegiate degree. A degree would help me to pursue my career and goals
that I have for the future. My main priority is my education, so I am going to Tougaloo College to
further my education. I have always had plans to go to college when I was young. Tougaloo seemed
to be the right college for me, and it really fit my personality well. It will provide me with the
education I need for my future career. The quality of education at Tougaloo is very high, and I will
receive a great education while attending. Obtaining a degree from one of the most highest
achieving schools would be an honor and privilege for me. I can picture me in my cap and gown on
graduation day very happy and proud of myself ready to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Tougaloo is a very outstanding and prestigious school. Tougaloo was named Tom Joyner
Foundation's January 2018 School of the Month.They have many rigorous and challenging
programs. I plan to become a leader and do many great things in my division. I would get the chance
to connect with faculty and students around campus, so I am glad that it is a small campus. I would
really have a chance to know almost every person at the school personally. I also plan to do
research, which is a really big deal. Tougaloo would help me grow and become a better person. I
will be a proud product and alumni of Tougaloo
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

29. The Role of HBCUs in American Society Essay
For almost two hundred years, Historically Black Colleges and Universities or HBCUs have played
a pivotal role in the education of African–American people, and negro people internationally. These
schools have provided the majority of black college graduates at the Graduate and Post–Graduate
level; schools such as Hampton University, Morehouse University, Spellman University and
Howard University are four universities at the forefront of the advanced education of blacks. For
sometime there has been a discussion on whether or not these institutes should remain in existence
or if they are just another form of racism. There were also concerning the quality of education
provided at these institutions. In my opinion, from the evidence provided ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most people who believe that HBCUs are no longer useful also believe that because the law forbids
the practice of racism HBCUs should be shut down. However, few take into consideration the many
white historically white institutions with a legacy of turning away talented African–Americans.
What about these schools? Should they not be closed down as well? I believe that persons who are
proponents of the abolition of HBCUs are subconsciously practicing racism, because they are not
making mention of the many schools in existence with a predominantly white student body; HBCUs
are not meant to be a form of segregation but a part of history.
I also believe that HBCUs are a better alternative to affirmative action. These institutions have the
capacity to attract and motivate many young black people, to advance their education. By seeing
people just like them, with similar backgrounds and similar interest making great achievements, it
provides those young black people with a pride and a sense of empowerment. This is most effective
in the poorer neighborhoods where morale is low. It is true that HBCUs enroll students with the
lowest test scores in American education; according to Elias Blake Jr. in the article from Emerge,
"Black colleges are still enrolling a majority of the most vulnerable students that have the lowest
income and the lowest test scores..." (par. 7). Studies show that in many disadvantaged
communities, the quality of
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31. Identifying Strategies to Improve African American College...
Minorities are a growing segment of the population. However, this group continues to be
underrepresented in the area of post secondary education. Obtaining an advanced degree remains a
likely predictor of future career success. The problem facing the minority student is that barriers
persist which continue to hinder enrollment, retention, and graduation rates in institutions of higher
education. These barriers must be identified and examined and solutions offered if college
completion rates are to be increased for this population. While overall college enrollment and
graduation rates have risen for all minority groups, there continues to be concerns for this segment
of the population, particularly for African American students. Even ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. Department of Education's Digest of Education Statistics (2010) compiles data on
educational trends and statistics in the United States. According to the digest, in 2009 African
Americans earned about 10 percent of all bachelor degrees awarded. Furthermore, about 20 percent
of African Americans currently hold a college degree. When compared to the same rates for the
white non–hispanic population, African Americans are largely lagging behind. The challenges that
African Americans are facing must be met by post secondary institutions if this group is going to
continue on the path of economic and career prosperity. This need is discussed in the report
Minorities in Higher Education: Although greater access to higher education for students of color is
an absolute imperative, it is only part of the equation. Ensuring their academic success and readiness
to thrive in an interconnected world remains the ultimate goal. In a global economy, providing
greater access to post secondary education to individuals from all racial and ethnic backgrounds
remains one of the most important challenges facing our nation. Demographic changes have
increased the proportions of people of color in the United States, and our academic population (Ryu,
2009, p. i). The relationship between ethnicity and retention in post secondary education has been
widely discussed in the literature. The
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

33. Graduation Speech : A College Application And Writing An...
It is the start of students' senior year in high school, where things are known to get real. That is the
time where they prepare to graduate as well as get ready for college. Filling out a college application
and writing an essay is the easy part, but deciding on whether to attend an HBCU or PWI is where
things get difficult. Many students in the generation of the 21st century know nothing about the birth
of an HBCU or PWI. Children now are making decisions based off of who is attending where, and
how well or bad the parties are. Not only does knowing the environment of the college or University
one chooses to attend important, but grasping a better understanding on the emergence of the two
should also be included. Predominantly White Institutions (PWI) is colleges or Universities where
the student populace is primarily White. Whereas Historically Black Colleges and Universities
(HBCUs) are higher education institutions specifically established to educate African Americans.
Although one can and will receive a degree within their major at either of the two, it is better to be a
part of a University where a person knows the birthplace, can personally relate to, and most
importantly feel comfortable. The dominant focus of this essay will be on the discussion of statistics
at both Predominantly White Institutions and Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
Predominantly White Institutions is the term used to describe fundamentals of higher learning in
which Whites
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

35. Difference Between Hbcus And Pwis
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST BETWEEN HBCUs AND PWIs
INTRODUCTION:
There was discrimination between African Americans and Whites before the Civil War. At that time,
Colleges and Universities were established only to educate Whites; only Whites went to Colleges
and Universities. There was not any educational system for African Americans. After the civil war,
to fill the educational gap between Whites and African Americans, HBCUs were established.
Although, African Americans didn't get admission on PWIs; they got admission on HBCUs. At a
time when Predominantly White Institutions(PWI) didn't allow African Americans to read in those
Institutions, HBUs offered the best ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
African American students enrolling in HBCUs experience better outcomes such as general
satisfaction with their experience, higher grade, psychological adjustments, etc than those African
American students enrolling in PWIs while Whites attending PWIs experience better outcomes such
as higher grade, psychological adjustments than those white students attending in HBCUs. African
American students found more comfortable and friendly environment at HBCUs while White
students found more comfortable and friendly environment at PWIs. Students attending in HBCUs
seems to be more satisfied with college experience because of their involvement on
Colleges/Universities compared to those students attending in PWIs. African American students
attending HBCUs wanted just to complete their degree as compared to students attending PWIs.
White students wanted to read more as compared to African American students. In the context of
educating African Americans in Specific field, HBCUs became more successful in providing access
and retaining students through graduation compared to PWIs. Students attending HBCU has
outcomes like tutoring other students, higher GPAs, gradating with honors, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

37. Why Are Historically Black Colleges Wrong
It is getting old hearing about what historically black colleges do wrong. Continuously hearing
about what historically black colleges cannot do and what predominantly white institutions can.
Hearing the phrase "HBCU" only to be followed by a negative comment. Mainly black colleges are
needed for African Americans who were unaccepted for their race or undereducated about their
history, but with such an adverse light on historically black colleges, it makes you think. Why are
HBCU's so necessary to save for survival and for the future?
African men and women deserve to get an education just as much as anybody and if a student wants
to go to a school where there is more than just 10 percent of the school's student class then they
should be able.
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39. Literature Review On Hbcus
LITERATURE REVIEW Background on HBCUs According to the National Center for Educational
Statistics (NCES), there are 101 Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Title III of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 defines HBCUs as "...any historically Black college or university that was
established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was, and is, the education of Black Americans,
and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association determined by the
Secretary [of Education] to be a reliable authority as to the quality of training offered or is,
according to such an agency or association, making reasonable progress toward accreditation" (US
Department of Education, 2017). It is important to note that unlike other Minority Serving
Institutions, HBCUs, are only one of two types of institutions (Tribal Colleges & Universities or
TCUs are the other) federally designated by law and therefore, cannot increase in number with an
act of Congress (Li, 2007). In other words, every time an HBCU closes its doors, we get one step
closer to the elimination of the historical and consequential institutions. To understand the
significance of these institutions one must understand the context in which these institutions were
established. In the most basic sense, HBCUs were established because of racism (Evans, Evans, &
Evans, 2002). Prior to the Civil War, few universities espoused the mission and goal of training and
education Black people (Albritton, 2012).
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41. Historical Background Of Hbcus Essay
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HBCUs AND PWIs
INTRODUCTION:
There was discrimination between African Americans and Whites before the Civil War. At that time,
Colleges and Universities were established only to educate Whites; only Whites went to Colleges
and Universities. There was not any educational system for African Americans. After the civil war,
to fill the educational gap between Whites and African Americans, HBCUs were established. At a
time when Predominantly White Institutions(PWI) didn't allow African Americans to read in those
Institutions, HBUs offered the best opportunity for higher education. (Bush, George, President)
Historical Background ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mission of those private and public institutions was to provide knowledge for African
Americans to made lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc. in a discriminated society. (Historically Black
Colleges and Universities and Higher Education Desegregation, March 1991)
" In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the "separate but equal" doctrine and made a decision in
Brown v. Board of Education, and held that racially segregated public schools deprive African
American children of equal protection guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment of the United
States Constitution." (U.S. Supreme Court, 1954) Many public HBCUs merged with PWIs or
closed. Most of the African American students continued to attend after rendered the decision. (
Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Higher Education Desegregation, March 1991)
Historical Background of
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43. Hbcus Benefits
Working Title: Are HBCU's Still Beneficial to Civilians who want to Receive a Higher Education?
Topic Description: For over 200 hundred years, Historically Black Colleges and Universities or
HBCUs have played a very important role role in the education of African–Americans. These
schools have provided most of the black college graduates. Many people believe that these colleges
should be shut down because we live in a very diverse nation and these schools represent racism.
These schools have attracted and motivated many young black people, to get a higher education. By
seeing people just like them, with similar upbringings and similar interest making great
achievements, it provides those young black people with a great opportunity to further ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The negative studies provide little concrete data supporting the removal or explaining the
irrelevance of HBCUs. The reasoning has been more economic and only relying on the fact that the
mission has been to educate Black students, and because non–Black institutions are now accepting
students of color, then HBCUs are no longer needed. For the positive aspects, the majority of the
studies mention some statistical evidence of the number of HBCU graduates each year, some of the
progress certain HBCUs are making in their states to improve society, as well as the economic
benefits of costing less than many traditional institutions. While HBCUs are trying to show the
public how they are progressing, it is rare to hear the leaders or administrators of HBCUs discuss
how these universities have progressed since their inception and how students can benefit from an
HBCU
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45. Black Colleges Challenges
The Challenges That Historically Black Colleges and Universities Face
"There is still some debate about whether racially identified higher education is necessary or
desirable. But [over] 100 schools exist, and the basic question is, can they compete?" According to
the article, "Can HBCUs Compete?" College students today do not educate themselves on the
history and legacy that Historically Black Colleges and Universities hold. Normally, they attend an
HBCU because of the Black culture that it will teach them, the many other college students who will
come from similar backgrounds, and even the parties. When they actually get to an HBCU and
experience it first–hand they learn that it is not a right fit for them; it might be because the lack of ...
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In 2010, Black females "earned twice the number of baccalaureate degrees than Black males (66%
vs 34%). Also, 70% of Black men do not complete a college degree within six years," according to
"Deficient or Resilient: A Critical Review of Black Male Academic Success and Persistence in
Higher Education." Black males are usually a product of their environment which translates into
their performance in college. Most of them will have friends and family who may discourage them
and even encourage them to participate in illegal activities. Black males are not only prideful but
they also put on a façade to the world that hinders their success. According to the same article,
factors that contribute to a Black males success in college include "the ability to...becom[e] engaged
on campus through leadership opportunities, the development of meaningful relationships with peers
and mentors, and receiving ample familial and spiritual support." In spite of the fact that, Black male
students are often more successful at an HBCU because they feel more valued, they still have no
chance to catch up with their female peers. They do not have the ambition and persistence to work
hard particularly through the challenges that they face daily. They let their past failures, and their
present obstacles define their future. Black males take the easy route and sell illegal drugs, commit
robbery, gamble, rape and degrade women, and forget about the importance of their education, for a
temporary relief. According to the article that is previously stated, "Black male attainment at
HBCUs has declined by 6% in a single decade, and is currently hovering at 29%, in contrast with
the 57% graduate rate of female counterparts." In this article there is a study taken of 44 Black
Males in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) programs at HBCUs. This
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47. Donald Trump Super Hero Or Villain?
Donald Trump Super Hero or Villain?
Donald Trump, current president, once said, "sometimes by losing a battle you find a new way to
win the war." A president is the leader of country or a division or part of a country. A good president
is someone who takes quick action whenever problems threaten the nation, addresses key issues
using his or her platform, and is knowledgeable about government. Donald John Trump was born on
June 14th, 1946. He is the current 45th president of the United States. Trump was born and raised in
Queens, New York City, and earned and economies degree from the Wharton School of the
University of Pennsylvania. Prior to entering politics, he was a businessman and television
personality. Sources believe this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These colleges and universities were made for the African American community. They have always
allowed admission to students of all races but were still predominantly African American. Most
historically black colleges were created in the aftermath of the American Civil War and are in the
former slave states, although a few notable exceptions exist (Bowie State University located in
Maryland). There are 107 HBCUs in the United States, including public and private institutions,
community and four–year institutions, medical and law schools. According to Dave Boyer in The
Washington Times he states, "President Trump signed an executive order Tuesday aimed at boosting
his administration's support for black colleges, as he seeks a closer relationship with the schools
than President Obama had" (1). In this text Dave Boyer declares that Trump signed an executive
order to support the historically black colleges.
The importance of HBCUs went on with Trump stating in The Washington Post, "education has the
power to uplift, it has the power to transform and, perhaps most important, education has the power
to create greater equality and justice in our lives" (1). His statement means that the importance of
historically black colleges is very significant. He says this while meeting with twenty HBCU
leaders. Last but not least, Trump voiced, "that's why today I am thrilled to be signing an executive
order to recognize the importance of historically black colleges and
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49. Essay On Black Colleges
Historically Black Colleges and Universities were established for African Americans during a time
of strict segregation. During slavery, to keep African Americans afraid and submissive, White
Americans had laws in place making it illegal for them to learn how to read and write. "For most of
America's history, African Americans who received a college education could only get it from an
HBCU. Today, HBCUs remain one of the surest ways for an African American, or student of any
race, to receive a high quality education." The first Historically Black College and University to be
established is formerly known as the Institute for Colored Youth founded by Richard Humpreys in
1837, approximately 26 years before slavery ended. "Today, this school is better known as Cheney
University of Pennsylvania, the oldest African American institution of higher learning." Two other
institutions that were later established prior to the Civil War are Lincoln University founded in 1854
and Wilberforce ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rep. Frank Balance Jr. (D–NC)– North Carolina Central University, U.S. Rep. Sanford Bishop (D–
GA)– Morehouse College, U.S. Rep. Corrine Brown (D–FL)– Florida A&M University, U.S. Rep.
James Clyburn (D–SC)– South Carolina State University, U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings (D–MD)–
Howard University, U.S. Rep. Alcee Hastings (D–FL)– Fisk University, Howard University and
Florida A&M University, U.S. Rep. Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D–IL)– North Carolina A&T University, U.S.
Rep. William Jefferson (D–LA)– Southern University, U.S. Rep. John Lewis (D–GA)– Fisk
University, U.S. Rep. Kendrick Meek (D–FL)– Florida A&M University, U.S. Rep. Gregory Meeks
(D–NY)– Howard University, U.S. Rep. Major Owens (D–NY)– Morehouse College, Atlanta
University, U.S. Rep. David Scott (D–GA)– Florida A&M University, U.S. Rep. Bennie Thompson
(D–MS)– Tougaloo College, Jackson State University, U.S. Rep. Edolphus Towns (D–NY)– North
Carolina A&T
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51. Introduction. Historically Black Colleges And Universities
Introduction
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) are experiencing low retention rates with first
generation college students. The students are not graduating within a four to six year enrollment
period, and or are not returning after their freshmen year. As the American workforce looks to
colleges and universities to fulfill the workforce pipeline with educated diverse workers, HBCUs are
in the spotlight to produce qualified minority graduates. Moreover, HBCU's are looking to refine
their methods of inclusion and buy–in, this will in–turn manifest a higher level of retention amongst
first generation college students.
Problem Statement and Evidence from Research
HBCUs serve student populations that include underprepared ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
HBCUs were originally created to educate and uplift African Americans to the same levels of
success and their other racial counterparts. The institutions were created to afford all African–
American students, the same chance and opportunities to reach academic and social success. They
were created in times within history, when African Americans could not enroll in traditionally
"white" post–secondary institutions. Currently, there are 105 diverse HBCUs (insert source for
information). Each institution has distinct missions and rich legacies. They vary in size, enrollment,
financial creditability and stability, curriculum and degree programming as well as, operational
effectiveness (Hibel, n.d.). HBCUs serve some students who would not normally be accepted into
other institutions because of their academic and socio–economic status.
Higher education in America is facing many challenges, i.e., low retention, low graduation rates and
less funding. Postsecondary institutions are scrambling to remain a competitive entity within society.
In order to do so, students must remain in school (Talbert, 2012). The Office of the White House
states (2014), educational attainment is critical to our county's economic success. In essence, the
work force is creating more jobs requiring more education and a higher level of skill than was
previously achieved. Individuals with only a high school diploma will not make into the middle
class sector because of
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53. The Black Colleges And Universities Essay
"Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in
enriching the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country."(Keller) What Ric Keller
states here is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other
significant information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate between the choice
of whether an Historically Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more
beneficial or not can become a pondering interrogation. Each acronym defines itself, Historically
Black Colleges and Universities(HBCUs) were established by the means of providing an education
for predominantly African American students. Whereas, Predominantly White Intuitions(PWI) serve
to instruct and educated the opposite or in other words those of Caucasian descent. HBCUs are
institutions that were founded before 1964 where most were developed after the Civil War and are
usually located in the former slave states with a small amount of notable exceptions. Today in the
United States there are 107 HBCUs this includes public and private institutions, medical and law
schools, and public and private institutions. Even thought a PWI does not discriminate other races in
admissions what it can provide for an African American versus the African Americans that attend
HBCUs is a drastic difference. HBCUs should be considered over PWIs because it allows African
Americans to comfortably steer
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55. History of African Americans and Higher Education Essay...
For blacks, the history of higher education typically points to segregated education. Before the Civil
War, the social system promoted the belief that blacks wouldn't get return on their time spent in
higher education. Brown and Ricard (2007) noted that most North institutions were reluctant to
allow black enrollment in colleges and universities, and in the South, where slaveholder's were still
powerhouse businessmen, slaves would never be allowed to become more educated than their
owners. The reluctance of the White leaders to allow blacks to formally be accepted into higher
education programs held blacks back from achieving what many aspired to, and were fully capable
of, experience.
Through research of the literature, this paper will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When ex–slaves demanded a formal public schooling, they were really asking the South to develop
and embrace a relatively new philosophy of education. Effectively, they were having white
southerners pay for the education of people they once "owned" as property, and had the right to
receive what most whites in the region hadn't had available previously. According to Anderson
(n.d.), the Reconstruction Era (1877) presented a unique problem for black professionals. Although
more blacks were becoming qualified for educational and employment opportunities, the job
demand shifted to industrial needs. For black leaders, having to get industrial training instead of a
broader, more useful education was a beneficial short term answer for employment. The primary
advocate for industrial training was Booker T. Washington. Washington, educated at the Tuskegee
Institute located in Alabama, expressed publicly that manual labor will be more beneficial to
individuals because that was the type of work available (Anderson, n.d.). On the opposite side of
Washington's argument for occupational training was W. E. B. Du Bois. Du Bois, who came from
Harvard, had higher aspirations than occupational education, "with a conviction that Black life and
culture should be a primary topic of Black thought and investigation" (Anderson, n.d. p.1).
Considering the value of a general degree in comparison to a technical
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57. My Visit To Hampton University
I decided at a very young age that I wanted to attend a Historically Black College or University, but
I was not sure which one. Growing up witnessing so many of my family members graduating from
HBCUs and becoming successful, professional black figures in my life made me realize that a
HBCU was the right fit for me. People have always told me that you will have a gut feeling when
you have found the perfect school for you. I never truly understood what that meant until I visited
Hampton University.
When I first visited Hampton's campus two years ago to drop my sister off, I knew one day I would
be a part of the Hampton family too. With just a few steps on campus, I fell in love with Hampton's
rich culture and community. My love for this institution
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59. Minority Serving Institutions and the American Education...
Minority serving institutions have been an integral part of the education system in the United States
since before the Civil War (LeMelle, 2002). Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs)
have, for much of their existence, been criticized for the level of academic rigor, political context,
and their social agenda have created controversy for generations. With that being said, HBCUs hold
a valuable place in the landscape of US higher education institutions. The culture, history, and
perspective that is taught and shared are unparalleled and cannot be replicated at a predominately
white institution (PWI). The Higher Education Act of 1965 gave opportunities for educational
advancement and financial aid programs to previously disadvantaged students (Roebuck, 1993).
This meant that underrepresented minorities were then granted access to colleges and universities
which they were previously not permitted. As PWIs were increasing underrepresented minority
enrollment in the 1960s, HBCUs were gaining strength. Financial aid and accrediting bodies were
paying closer attention to the needs of these institutions; more and more students were enticed to
enroll in higher education and seek otherwise impossible opportunities. HBCUs face significant
challenges. When compared to PWIs, HBCUs are more likely to have students which are from low–
income environments, be the first in their families to attend college, or need developmental courses
(Rios, 2008). These challenges that
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61. Historically Black Colleges And Universities Essay
Historically Black Colleges and Universities, or HBCUs, have played an important role in enriching
the lives of not just African Americans, but our entire country."(Keller) What Ric Keller states here
is an opinion that outlines a compelling fact about HBCUs that along with several other significant
information that may come as a surprise. Essentially, the great debate between the choice of whether
a Historically Black College and University or Predominantly White Institution is more beneficial or
not can become a pondering interrogation. Each acronym defines itself, Historically Black Colleges
and Universities(HBCUs) were established by the means of providing an education for
predominantly African American students. Whereas, Predominantly White Intuitions(PWI) serve to
instruct and educated the opposite or in other words those of Caucasian descent. HBCUs are
institutions that were founded before 1964 where most were developed after the Civil War and are
usually located in the former slave states with a small amount of notable exceptions. Today in the
United States, there are 107 HBCUs this includes public and private institutions, medical and law
schools. Even though a PWI does not discriminate other races in admissions what it can provide for
an African American versus the African Americans that attend HBCUs is a drastic difference.
HBCUs should be considered over PWIs because it allows African Americans to comfortably steer
away from racism, African American
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

63. The Role of Hbcus in American Society
For almost two hundred years, Historically Black Colleges and Universities or HBCUs have played
a pivotal role in the education of African–American people, and negro people internationally. These
schools have provided the majority of black college graduates at the Graduate and Post–Graduate
level; schools such as Hampton University, Morehouse University, Spellman University and
Howard University are four universities at the forefront of the advanced education of blacks. For
sometime there has been a discussion on whether or not these institutes should remain in existence
or if they are just another form of racism. There were also concerning the quality of education
provided at these institutions. In my opinion, from the evidence provided ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I also believe that HBCUs are a better alternative to affirmative action. These institutions have the
capacity to attract and motivate many young black people, to advance their education. By seeing
people just like them, with similar backgrounds and similar interest making great achievements, it
provides those young black people with a pride and a sense of empowerment. This is most effective
in the poorer neighborhoods where morale is low. It is true that HBCUs enroll students with the
lowest test scores in American education; according to Elias Blake Jr. in the article from Emerge,
"Black colleges are still enrolling a majority of the most vulnerable students that have the lowest
income and the lowest test scores " (par. 7). Studies show that in many disadvantaged
communities, the quality of education is not up to par with the quality in the wealthier communities.
Therefore, those in these poorer communities are at a disadvantage. But from the statistics on the
amount on the amount of successful African–Americans who graduate from these historically black
institutions, something right must be occurring. I believe that these HBCUs are an ideal environment
for these students as they place these "under–achieving" students in an environment which they are
comfortable, and allows them the ability to develop their skills. In the end, most of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

65. Funding And The Challenges Of Accreditation At Numerous...
without further ado all the more racially integrated, as for their enrollments and staff, than generally
white institutions. In addition, "Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Sub staining a culture
of excellence in the twenty–first century" by Nia Cantey, Robert Bland, and Danielle Joy–Davis
shows the data on how historically black universities and colleges are rising to the top. It addresses
the issues on funding and the challenges of accreditation at numerous schools. In the rest of this
issue it pinpoints the legacy that each individual school has to uphold. I would also like to discuss
the instructive approaches by HBCUs consistently making programs that build minority, especially
African Americans, cooperation in underrepresented fields like, designing, business, and solution
among others. Organizations and companies that are focused on expanding differing qualities
regularly look first to understudies selected in HBCUs to fill temporary positions and low
maintenance positions that offer true experience and create initiative abilities. HBCUs were set up
particularly with the objective of expanding African Americans ' entrance to a school, so
undergraduates going to these schools can and will be able to feel enabled by the way that they 're
effectively safeguarding and exploiting their rights. Additionally, numerous HBCUs offer
undergraduates with the chance to spend a semester or two at other colleges through local trade
programs, which permit undergraduates
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67. HBCU Analysis
Historically Black Colleges and Universities were established for African Americans during a time
of strict segregation. "For most of America's history, African Americans who received a college
education could only get it from an HBCU. Today, HBCUs remain one of the surest ways for an
African American, or student of any race, to receive a high quality education." The first Historically
Black College and University established is formerly known as the Institute for Colored Youth
founded by Richard Humpreys in 1837, approximately 26 years before slavery ended. "Today, this
school is better known as Cheney University of Pennsylvania, the oldest African American
institution of higher learning." Two other institutions that were established prior ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It should remind us that HBCUs were established despite the resistance that African Americans
received from the White Americans. HBCUs afforded African Americans the education that was
once legally denied to them. Historically Black Colleges and Universities provide the best college
experiences for African Americans. They have produced many prominent leaders, preachers,
physicians and judges within our communities. HBCUs teach and help keep the history of African
Americans struggle alive. The fabric of HBCUs are rooted in family. Many parents and children
share a special bond because of the HBCU experience. HBCUs are a vital part of the continuing
efforts to shape great African American leaders that will promote strength in our communities and
help achieve our dream of equality in today's
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69. Booker T. Washington's Influence on Historically Black...
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON: THE AMBIGUITY OF INFLUENCE ABSTRACT My paper will
discuss the continuing influence of Booker T. Washington's writings on historically black colleges.
While my paper will focus on the ways in which the historically black college continues to adhere to
the model provided by Washington, it will also explore the ways in which it diverges from the early
Hampton–Tuskegee ideal. According to James D. Anderson in The Education of Blacks in the
South, both contemporary observers and later historians have portrayed the white south as taking a
monolithic view of black education. However, many secondary schools in the south did not
emphasize the kind of industrial education advocated by Washington. In the same manner, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first freedmen's schools were run by the freedmen and women themselves. Booker T.
Washington's account of his own perseverence in securing his education is poignantly told in Up
From Slavery. Yet with Washington's influence, a shift began from educating students in a liberal
arts tradition to an industrial training mode. Unfortunately, by the turn of the century, with the help
of the benefactor Samuel Chapman Armstrong, the Hampton–Tuskegee Idea had come to represent
the ideological antithesis of the educational and social movement begun by ex–slaves (33). In order
for freed slaves to fully participate in a democracy, a classical liberal curriculum was adopted in
post–Civil War black, elementary, normal and collegiate schools. As James D. Anderson aptly points
out, Black leaders did not view their adoption of the classical liberal curriculum or its philosophical
foundations as mere imitation of white schooling. Indeed, they knew many whites who had no
education at all. Rather, they saw this curriculum as providing access to the best intellectual
traditions of their era and the best means to understanding their own historical development and
sociological uniqueness. (Anderson 29) In fact, black educators like Richard Wright found support
in the classics for racial equality; the study of the classics was a means to understanding the
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71. Predominantly White Institutions vs Historically Black...
Predominately White Institutions and the Reasons they are Worth the Time and Money
It was only a year ago when I was faced with making a very important decision that would affect me
for the rest of my life. It was time for me to choose an institution of higher learning to continue my
studies that would eventually lead me to my career. My decision wasn't simply which university or
college to choose, but as a young black student, whether to choose a Historically Black College or
University (HBCU) or a Predominately White Institution (PWI). This would take me on an
insightful journey and I would make my decision after discussing the pros and cons of both
institutions and through interactions with students, faculty and staff. Before too long ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this particular study conducted on state funding per student in North Carolina, the funding of
UNC–Chapel Hill (PWI), North Carolina A&T (HBCU), and North Carolina Central University
(HBCU) were reviewed. The findings showed that UNC budgeted $27,826, A&T $10,400 and
NCCU $13,378 per student. The larger size of PWIs means that more money is available for student
programs and activities. PWIs provide opportunities in a more mainstream environment and thus
more realistically mirror the real world. After four years of study at a PWI, students have the
confidence and are prepared to enter the real world as contributing members. This may be a very
broad and generalized claim, but there is documented evidence to back it up. Using black female
students as an example, journal article (what journal article???) stated the benefits for this group. It
read, "These articulate, interpersonally adept women gained more from the academic experience on
White campuses (Allen, W.R.)." Not every African American that enters a PWI will be able to
succeed. Although the campus itself may be conducive to their success based on the many
advantages existing there, other challenges may interfere with that success. Socially, these students
may face difficulties as they strive to fit in and belong: "Students who successfully adapt, establish
social relationships with Whites, adjust to Black–White cultural differences, and cope with college
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

73. Historically Black Colleges And University Research Paper
Abstract
This paper explores historically black colleges and universities and their impact on the economy.
Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are foundations of advanced education with
the expectation of serving the black community. In this paper various points are stated on how
important HBCUs are important to the black community and how it is a beneficial experience for all
races. It also discusses the effect, if any, that they have on the economy as a whole. HBCUs have
permitted African Americans to have a chance to obtain a secondary education with beneficial
subjects. They were made to give African Americans citizens rise to instructive opportunities.
Having negated old generalizations that expressed that blacks were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Yes, HBCUs have an impact on the economy. The U.S. Department of Education has budgets for
both private and public black colleges. The extraordinary interest and important can't surpass $1.1
billion. On the off chance that the Congress gives power, in an allocations charge, power to surpass
as far as possible and to make advances to open and private HBCUs without considering if a HBCU
is open or private. The remaining measure of assets accessible to loan in any year is controlled by
yearly congressional apportionments and that sum can fluctuate. Although HBCUs are granted
money from the government they are also responsible for making sure all employees are paid and
that money is being disbursed accurately. Morris Brown College is a private, coed, human sciences
school situated in the Vine City group of Atlanta, Georgia. It is partnered with the African Methodist
Episcopal Church. In 2002 it lost its accreditation and government subsidizing because of a money
related blunder outrage amid the 1998–2002 residency of Dolores Cross as school president. The
United Negro College Fund ended its backing for the school. In August 2012, Morris Brown
petitioned for Chapter 11 insolvency trying to anticipate dispossession and offer of the school at
closeout. As of October 2015, the grounds are still open, however subordinate upon volunteer
personnel and staff. This is an example of how HBCUs and the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

75. HBCU Analysis
Oprah Winfrey, Samuel L. Jackson, Spike Lee and Phylicia Rashad all have something in common.
They all have attended a Historical Black Colleges and Universities. Historically Black Colleges and
Universities also known as HBCUs are institutions of higher education in the United States that
were established before 1964. HBCU intentions were to primarily serve the African American
community, but they have always allowed admissions to students of all races. The collection I chose
to focus on was A Digital Collection Celebrating the Founding of the Historically Black College and
University. The collections includes photographs, university correspondence, manuscripts, and
images of campus buildings, alumni letters, memorabilia, and programs from ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the struggle for success is particularly small for many Black students. There are many
aspects that come along with attending an HBCU. Many are falsely portrayed throughout media, but
students either current or graduated from an HBCU can attest through their different experiences.
African American students have gained knowledge, awareness, self–identity and much more. Many
graduates that attended HBCU's continue to support HBCU's because of the experiences that the
university has taught them in everyday life and also in their career. HBCU's tend to produce African
American students that enter the adult world with an understanding of who they are. Being confident
about their place in society and eager to influence their peers and the world
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77. Hbcus Essay
Date
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Albritton, T. J. (2012). Educating our own: The historical legacy of HBCUs and their relevance for
educating a new generation of leaders.
Albritton Gives readers a brief history of historic higher educational black Institutions better know
as (HBCUs) in this publication . Albritton also explains and includes how and why (HBCUs) were
established. Albritton explains financing sources and needs after some time, and an examination of
statements of purpose. Albritton also considers the pertinence of (HBCUs) here in the present
twenty–first century setting. Albritton makes a contention that the instructive open doors HBCUs
offer keep on being firmly required in the contemporary U.S. financial and political ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gregory, Perry and Rankin also explains that In 1907, African Americans infrequently had different
choices for advanced education aside from a general (HBCU) .Furthermore, Gregory, Perry and
Rankin states that In 2008, HBCUs are still transcendently African American and flourishing in light
of the fact that these organizations are effectively teaching and graduating African–American
understudies more so than ever before. According to Gregory, Perry, and Rankin Notwithstanding
and now and again ignored, HBCUs are an imperative choice for secondary school African–
American understudies look into attending more so today than any other secondary institution.
Lastly, Gregory, Perry and Rankin explain how (HBCUs) secondary schools offer advantages
minority understudies may some way or another not get if they were to attend a non HBCU; which
is why minorities and African American understudies choose to attend HBCUs solely over the
option of advantages offered at these HBCUs.
BROOKS, F. E., & STARKS, G. L. (2011).HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA. SANTA BARBARA, CA: GREENWOOD.
Brooks and Starks makes an important commitment to writing that inspects HBCUs. Brooks and
Starks also explains that In a period of budgetary emergencies in advanced education, this book is
vital, especially for policymakers and the overall population to better comprehend the requirement
for support of such (HBCUs) schools. Furthermore, Brooks and Starks
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